Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations with fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What medications are the safest?
How can abdominal muscle training affect digestion? Is it possible to “pump up your abs” with ulcerative colitis?
As you know, with nonspecific ulcerative colitis, first of all, the patient’s intestines suffer, and then, as a result of a prolonged exacerbation, other organs and systems (I immediately recommend that you familiarize yourself with all the “diversity”). The conclusion suggests itself: if you don’t want your health to worsen, don’t touch the intestines. In general, eat certain foods, get plenty of rest, swallow mountains of pills and don’t catch a cold so as not to provoke activation. But if it were all so simple, no one would leave, right? Or maybe our intestines should sometimes be “helped”?
Both IBD patients and healthy people experience intestinal disorders. Simply put, no one is immune from diarrhea or constipation. There is only one small nuance: digestive disorders in a person with ulcerative colitis can be not only the result of an unhealthy diet or, for example, but also the first alarm bell of an incipient exacerbation.
However, often such variability in the behavior of your intestines lies in its banal “spoiling”: as soon as the intestines receive something unusual for it at its disposal, it immediately begins to freak out. This is all fundamentally wrong, because the intestines need to be constantly toned, accustoming them to a variety of foods and reacting normally to them. Don't get me wrong: I'm not talking about eating various smoked foods, fast foods, processed foods, and all that kind of stuff. And people with intolerance to certain foods shouldn’t go to all lengths either, you understand. The same applies to followers of various diets, such as, etc.
So, one of the ways to make your intestines work strictly according to schedule is to perform simple exercises on the abdominal muscles. Through proper training, massage of internal organs is achieved, incl. stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The main benefits you will get by training your abdominal muscles:
- Contraction of the abdominal muscles activates peristalsis and improves the movement of the food bolus, which minimizes the risk of hemorrhoids and, as a consequence, injury to the intestinal walls.
- Trained abdominal muscles will not allow the stomach and intestines to stretch from excessive food volume, maintaining the normal volume of the entire abdomen. All this leads to the possibility of satiation with a much smaller volume of food and its more complete digestion, the benefits of which for patients with ulcerative colitis cannot be denied.
- Contracting your abdominal muscles will reduce the accumulation of fat in the abdominal area.
- Lying down, pull your legs towards your stomach and hug them with your arms. Lie in this position for 5-10 seconds, remembering to breathe regularly. Next, slowly and without jerking, pull your feet towards you and away from you.
- Lower your legs and stroke your stomach in a clockwise direction, in a spiral, from the navel to the sides. Bend your knees and repeat stroking. Next, place your palms on the sides of your stomach and slightly move your stomach to the right and left, from side to side. Bend your fingers, place the hand just below the navel and make several light circular strokes with each hand alternately in a clockwise direction. Place your palms on your lower abdomen, thumbs at your navel. Start squeezing and unclenching your lower abdominal muscles.
- Lower your legs. Stroke your belly in a clockwise direction with light movements. Place your palms on your stomach, breathe steadily, controlling the movements of the diaphragm and the upper abdominal wall with your hands.
- Place your palms so that the little finger of your right hand is on the navel, the thumb of the right hand is on the chest, and the palm of the left hand is on the lower abdomen. Breathe and as you exhale, slightly tighten your lower abdomen.
- Leave your palms on your stomach. Swallow your saliva; Make sucking movements with your tongue and lips. Move your palms on your stomach in this rhythm. The sucking and swallowing movements of the mouth muscles are transmitted along the esophagus to the stomach and from the stomach to the small intestine. Swallowing movements and elements of abdominal massage are designed to increase the tone of gastrointestinal motility.
- Get up and walk around a little, but move your legs not from your knees, but from your hips, and so that your arms do not participate in the movements. Walking using this method engages the abdominal muscles, improving intestinal motility.
- Having slightly relaxed your abdominal muscles, lightly jump alternately, first on your left leg, then on your right, and then on both, for 10 repetitions.
- Rotate your torso. Starting position: feet shoulder-width apart, arms relaxed.
Well, we’ve figured out the specialized complex for normalizing peristalsis. But these exercises will not give you beautiful abs! Therefore, I present to your attention several exercises, quite easy to perform, which will help you, if not grow “abs” on your stomach, then at least make it flat and attractive.
There is no point in doing the abdominal exercises below if you have excess body fat, because... the result simply will not be visible. You cannot lose weight “locally”, i.e. only on the stomach. So, first, adjust your diet and try to lose excess weight. So, the exercises that I personally do and from which I do not feel any negative consequences.
Colitis is a chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine. A significant role in their occurrence is played by prolonged poor nutrition, constipation, and abuse of laxatives. Physical exercise is beneficial for this disease.
Legend: IP - initial position; TM - tempo slow; TS - average pace.
1. Walking around the room for 30-60 seconds, alternating with breathing exercises.
2. IP - lying on your back. Flexion and extension of the torso. TM. 6-8 times. Breathing is uniform.
3. IP - the same. Take turns bending your legs. TS. 5-7 times with each leg.
4. IP - the same. Lift your legs up one at a time. TS. 6-8 times with each leg.
5. IP - sitting, arms supported at the back. Raising and lowering straight legs. TS. 5-7 times.
6. IP - on all fours. Pulling the leg back and then pulling it towards the stomach. The same with the other leg. TS. 5-8 times with each leg.
7. IP - lying on your back, legs bent. Turn your legs left - right. TM. 6-8 times in each direction.
8. IP - lying on your back, bend over, hands behind you. Sit down. Return to IP. TS. 5-7 times.
9. IP - the same. "Bike". TS. 25-30 sec. Breathing is free.
10. IP - sitting on a chair, resting your hands behind you. Deep forward squat; return to IP. TS. 6-8 times.
11. IP - sitting on a chair. Bend forward. TM. 5-7 times. When bending over, exhale.
12. IP - the same, only hands on the belt. Bend forward. TS. 4-6 times.
13. IP - sitting, arms to the sides. Turns left and right. TS. 5-7 times in each direction.
14. IP - standing by a chair. Step with the left foot - inhale; return to IP - exhale. The same with the other leg. TS. 6-8 times on each leg.
15. IP - lying on your back. Bend over - inhale; return to IP - exhale. TM. 5-7 times.
16. IP - lying down, support with hands behind - bend over. Sit down - bend over. TS. 6-8 times.
Therapeutic exercise for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children
Exercise affects digestion through the central nervous system through motor-visceral reflexes. Special physical exercises improve blood circulation in the abdominal organs, helping to reduce congestion and restore normal motor function.
Objectives of physical therapy:
- general improvement and strengthening of the patient’s body; impact on the neurohumoral regulation of digestive processes; improving blood circulation in the abdominal organs and pelvis, preventing adhesions and microcirculation disorders; strengthening the muscles of the abdominal process, increasing intra-abdominal pressure, stimulating the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract; development of full breathing; positive effect on the patient’s neuropsychic sphere, increasing emotional tone.
Indications for physical therapy:
- hiatal hernia; splanchnoptosis; chronic gastritis with normal and increased secretion and with secretory insufficiency; peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; colitis and enterocolitis; biliary dyskinesia.
In therapeutic exercises, along with general strengthening exercises, special complexes are used for the abdominal press and respiratory muscles. In a standing position, do bends forward and to the sides, turns, and exercises for the legs.
In a lying position, exercises are performed in two versions. The first option is the least stressful and convenient for gradually increasing the load on the abdominal muscles. With this option, the torso is fixed and the legs are movable. In the second option, the patient lies on his back, his legs are motionless, all exercises are performed with body movements. These are the most stressful exercises, they are made easier with the help of your hands. These exercises should be used in the middle of the course of treatment, i.e. after preliminary training.
Therapeutic exercise for nonspecific ulcerative colitis
1 General information about non-specific ulcerative colitis……………………….….4
2 Physiotherapy…………………………………………………………………………………6
3 An approximate complex of physical therapy for nonspecific ulcerative colitis…………………………………………………………………………………..8
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the colon with the development of ulcerative lesions of its mucous membrane. Ulcerative colitis is a very common disease; it affects people of all age groups, but more often young adults.
The cause of the disease has not yet been clarified; however, a number of factors have been identified that contribute to the occurrence of ulcerative colitis: allergies, neuropsychological injuries, infections. There is evidence of a hereditary predisposition to the disease.
The most typical and most common is the chronic relapsing form of ulcerative colitis, when periods of remission of the disease are replaced by relapses.
During an exacerbation, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea appear, and there is an admixture of blood and sometimes mucus in the stool. Quite often, the first symptom of the disease is bleeding from the rectum, sometimes significant. The general condition of patients during an exacerbation noticeably worsens: weakness, fatigue appear, body weight decreases, and body temperature rises. Repeated blood loss often leads to the development of anemia, which increases the general weakness and fatigue of patients. In severe forms of the disease, many types of metabolism in the body are disrupted, body weight decreases, and dehydration occurs.
1 General information about ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is one of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease affecting the mucous membrane of the colon. A key characteristic of ulcerative colitis is the diffuse spread of inflammation from the rectum to the overlying parts of the large intestine.
Normally, the intestines contain a large number of immune cells. When infected, a healthy person develops a full-fledged immune response, which then quickly decreases as the tissue recovers. In ulcerative colitis, the processes of suppressing the immune response and tissue repair are disrupted, which leads to the development of persistent inflammation and tissue damage. This causes a disruption in the reabsorption of water and electrolytes, which causes frequent diarrhea. When the wall of the rectum is inflamed, discomfort and tenesmus occur - a feeling of urge to go down and a desire to empty the rectum even in the absence of stool in it. When the integrity of the epithelium lining the large intestine is damaged, ulcers form.
In severe forms of the disease, life-threatening complications may arise: bleeding, intestinal perforation, purulent inflammatory processes, cicatricial deformation of the intestine with impaired patency, acute dilatation of the intestine with a sharp impairment of its motor function, and other serious conditions requiring urgent surgical measures. Complications of ulcerative colitis can occur in patients with a mild course of the disease in cases of gross violation by patients of treatment and preventive recommendations, physical activity regimen, and the prescribed nature of professional and labor activity.
The area of intestinal damage may vary:
In 40-50% of patients, isolated damage to the rectum or rectum and sigmoid colon is observed
In 30-40% of patients, the disease spreads beyond the sigmoid colon, but does not affect the entire colon.
Therapeutic physical training for intestinal dyskinesia
Dyskinesia is a disorder of intestinal motor function, manifested by impaired tone, peristalsis and other functions, which is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation and various dyspeptic symptoms. This disease is based on autonomic and other neurogenic disorders in the regulation of the digestive apparatus.
Physical therapy for intestinal dyskinesia has its own characteristics depending on the type of movement disorder. With increased intestinal tone, spastic colitis develops, and with decreased intestinal tone, atonic dyskinesia develops. Common manifestations of these diseases are constipation, heaviness and pain in the abdomen, depressed mood, various neurotic disorders, poor appetite and decreased performance. When intestinal motility is impaired, the effectiveness of physical therapy exercises largely depends on IP, since intraintestinal pressure is determined by body position. So, in the lying position, knee-elbow and knee-wrist position it is within 5, in a standing position - 20-22 and in a squatting position - 30-32 cm of water. Art. An increase in intraintestinal pressure causes a decrease in intestinal motility.
Exercises for the abdominal muscles, depending on their intensity, change intra-abdominal pressure within a wide range and have a very pronounced effect on increasing the tone of the muscles of the abdominal organs. This must be taken into account when conducting physical therapy exercises. During therapeutic exercises for spastic colitis, elementary general developmental exercises are used for all muscle groups, which are performed at a slow pace, calmly and rhythmically. By performing most of the exercises in the supine and knee-elbow positions, you can to a certain extent reduce the increased intestinal tone and improve its peristalsis. Exercises in warm water, swimming, walking, segmental reflex massage are useful. When doing abdominal breathing, which is also performed slowly, large tensions in the abdominal muscles should not be allowed. Strength exercises, jumping, skipping, and running are contraindicated.
During therapeutic exercises for atonic intestinal dyskinesia They use all kinds of general strengthening exercises for all muscle groups, and especially for the abdominal muscles, without apparatus, with apparatus and on apparatus, which must be performed at an average or even fast pace, with frequent changes of different PIs in one lesson. It is especially important to use exercises that develop the abdominal muscles and cause intestinal shaking; the latter help to normalize the tone of its muscles and improve peristalsis. While lying on your back, vigorous abdominal breathing and exercises for the torso with fixed legs are useful, as well as running, sports games, rowing, swimming, skating, and skiing. The duration, type and intensity of exercise are determined by the general health of the patient, his age and personal interest.
Sources: www.f-med.ru, ilive.com.ua, www.skachatreferat.ru, www.blackpantera.ru
Therapeutic exercise is used for chronic colitis, enterocolitis, intestinal dysfunction accompanied by constipation, that is, for diseases with severe impairment of intestinal motor function.
Exercise therapy is contraindicated in cases of acute exacerbation of chronic enteritis and colitis, ulcerative colitis with bleeding, severe diarrhea, and acute peri-processes.
Objectives of exercise therapy:
- Normalization of neurohumoral regulation of digestion;
- Elimination of the inflammatory process, improvement of blood and lymph circulation in the abdominal and pelvic organs;
- Normalization of secretory, absorptive and motor-evacuatory functions of the intestine;
- Regulation of intra-abdominal pressure, strengthening the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles;
- Improvement of psycho-emotional state.
The effectiveness of exercise therapy largely depends on the choice of starting position. With an upright position inside, abdominal pressure in the lower abdomen is increased, and a potential space with negative pressure is formed in the subphrenic area. The pressure in the rectum in a standing position reaches 20-22 cm of water. Art. , and in a sitting position - 30-32 cm of water. Art. , whereas in a horizontal position it does not exceed 0-5 cm of water. Art. In sitting and standing positions, pressure is also increased in the cecum and sigmoid colon.
When the body is in an upright position, the movement of intestinal gases is complicated by their accumulation in places with lower pressure, that is, in higher located parts of the colon, creating additional difficulties in restoring the impaired motor-evacuation function of the intestine.
When moving to a horizontal position, the internal organs move upward, and in the lower parts of the abdominal cavity the pressure approaches negative. In a horizontal position, all parts of the colon are located at the same level, which creates favorable conditions for the evacuation of intestinal gases and the normalization of intestinal motor activity.
The elimination of spastic phenomena is facilitated by positions accompanied by a significant decrease in intra-abdominal pressure (for example, standing on all fours). Performing muscle relaxation exercises and deep breathing in the starting position while lying on your back and standing on all fours helps eliminate spastic phenomena in the intestines.
Exercises with a general effect on the body and special exercises (for the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, back, pelvic floor, relaxation, jumping, skipping), which have a positive effect on the motor-evacuation function of the intestine, are selected taking into account the characteristics of the pathological process. The structure of the training methodology is determined primarily by the type of motor impairment.
In case of chronic colitis, which is manifested by spastic constipation, the use of exercises with a load on the abdominal press and exercises in which the moment of effort is expressed (for example, raising and lowering straight legs in a lying position) is limited, since they increase the spastic state of the intestines. Relaxation exercises with diaphragmatic breathing, exercises for the upper and lower extremities are widely used. Preferred starting positions are lying on your back with your knees and hips bent, reclining with your legs down, helping to relax the anterior abdominal wall. With the normalization of intestinal motor function, exercises for the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles, exercises with objects, measured walking, swimming, and sedentary games are carefully introduced. Physical activity is below average intensity, its increase is slow, taking into account the patient’s condition and his adaptive reactions. A relaxing massage is recommended: first segmental (segments D6 - D9 on the right and D | 0 - Dn on the left), then on the anterior abdominal wall with light circular vibration strokes. Acupressure is very effective.
In case of intestinal atony, during therapeutic exercises, emphasis should be placed on exercises for the abdominal muscles in combination with strength elements, exercises with body shaking (jumping, jumping) and for the back muscles (turns, bends, flexion of the torso). It is recommended to frequently change the starting positions from which general developmental exercises are performed, medium and fast pace of execution. The load is quickly brought to average and above average. It is important to ensure the right combination of exercise and breathing. In addition to therapeutic exercises, they use walking, running, swimming, dosed cycling, sports games, etc. Abdominal massage should be active and deep.
An approximate set of treatment proceduresgymnastics for colitis accompanied by spastic constipation
Preparatory part
1 . I. p. - standing, slow walking on toes, hands behind head, duration 30-40 s.
2. I. p. - the same thing, walking on your heels, hands on your belt. duration 30-40 s.
3. I. p. - standing, hands in front of the chest, while walking 1 - 2 jerks with straight arms, palms up; 5-6 times, random breathing, average pace.
4 . I. p. - standing, while walking, arms across the sides - inhale, lower your arms - exhale; 3-4 times, slow pace.
5 . I. p. - the same thing, while walking, take turns pressing your knees to your stomach; 5-6 times with each leg, breathing randomly.
6. I. p. - the same thing, slow walking lasting 40-60 s. breathing is voluntary.
7. I. p. - the same, while walking, move the hands along the body to the axillary fossa - inhale for 4 s, hold the breath for 8 s, slowly exhale - 6 s; 3-5 times, after performing the exercise - voluntary breathing.
8 . I. p. - standing, hands on the belt, while walking, take your elbows back - inhale, elbows forward - exhale; 3-4 times, average pace.
9 . I. p. - the same thing, slow walking, 4 steps - inhale. 8 steps - holding your breath. 6 steps - exhale; 3-4 times, after the exercise, voluntary breathing.
10 . I. p. - standing, arms down; stick out and then tighten the abdominal wall; 2-30 s, average pace, random breathing.
Main part
eleven . I. p. - sitting on a chair, hands supported behind; bend over - inhale, bend the left (right) leg at the knee joint and press it to the stomach - exhale, 4 - 5 times with each leg, the pace is slow.
12 . I. p. - the same thing, spread your legs to the sides, connect your legs together; 5-6 times with each leg, average pace, random breathing.
13 . I. p. - sitting on a chair, arms down; bend the right (left) leg at the knee joint, elastically pressing the knees to the stomach; 10-12 times with each leg, average pace, random breathing.
14 . I. p. - sitting on a chair, legs extended; raise your arms up - inhale, bend towards your right (left) leg - exhale; 4-5 times to each leg, the pace is slow.
15 . I. p. - standing at the back of a chair, squats 12-15 times, average pace, voluntary breathing.
16 . I. p. - the same thing, move your right hand to the side and back - inhale, return to i. n. - exhale; 3-4 times in each direction, the pace is slow.
17. I. p. - the same thing, rise on your toes - inhale, with elastic squats - exhale; 3-5 times, average pace.
18 . I. p. - knee-palm, protrude and retract the abdominal wall; 10-15 times, average pace, arbitrary breathing.
19 . I. p. - the same thing, standing on four limbs - inhale, duck, sit on your heels - exhale, relax; 4-6 times, average pace.
20 . I. p. - the same thing, turn the pelvis to the right (left) 6-8 times in each direction, breathing is arbitrary.
21. I. p. - lying on the stomach, arms along the body; raise your shoulders and straight legs up (“shuttle”), return to i. p., relax - exhale; 4-6 times, the pace is slow, breathing is arbitrary.
22. I. p. - lying on your side, swing your right (left) leg forward, backward; the same way - on the other side 6-8 times, breathing is arbitrary.
23. I. p. - the same thing, move your straight leg back, sticking out your stomach - inhale, press your knee to your stomach - exhale; the same way - on the other side 3-4 times, average tempo.
24. I. p. - standing, self-massage of the abdomen: rubbing with the palm clockwise, then kneading the abdomen with pinches, also clockwise; 3-4 times.
25. I. p. - the same thing, protrusion and retraction of the abdomen; 20-30 times.
Final part
26. I. p. - standing, slow walking, relaxation exercises combined with breathing exercises; 5-8 minutes, average pace.
An approximate complex of therapeutic exercises for atonic colitis
Preparatory part
1 . I. p. - standing, slow walking 30-40 s.
2. I. p. - the same, hands behind the head, walking on toes, 30 s.
3. I. p. - the same, hands on waist, walking on heels, 30 s.
4 . I. p. - the same thing, walking with alternately raising a straight leg; 3-4 times for each leg, average pace.
5 . I. p. - standing, hands in front of the chest; when walking, 2 jerks with your elbows to the sides, then 2 jerks with straight arms, palms up; 4-5 times, average pace.
6. I. p. - standing, hands in a “lock” above your head, jerking your hands back while walking; 5-6 times, average pace.
7. I. p. - standing, hands to shoulders, when walking, turn your elbows back (forward) 5-6 times, average pace.
8 . I. p. - the same thing, when walking with your right elbow, reach your left knee, and do the same for the second leg; 4-5 times for each leg, average pace.
9 . I. p. - the same, hands up through the sides - inhale (6 s), lower your hands - exhale (8 s) 5-6 times, the pace is slow.
Main part
10 . I. p. - lying on your back, raise your arms up - inhale, pressing your right knee to your stomach with your hands - exhale; 3-4 times for each leg, average pace.
eleven . I. p. - the same thing, spread your legs apart - inhale, return to i. n. - exhale; 3-4 times, slow pace.
12 . I. p. - lying on your back, alternately lift your straight leg up; 3-4 times with each leg, fast pace.
13th of January. I. p. - the same thing, bend your legs; raise the pelvis up - inhale, return to i. n. - exhale; 3-4 times, slow pace.
14 . I. p. - the same thing, inhale - put both bent legs to the right (left) - exhale; 4-5 times, slow pace.
15 . I. p. - the same thing, relax the abdominal muscles (protruding the stomach), contract the abdominal muscles (pull in the stomach) 10-12 times, breathing arbitrarily.
16 . I. p. - the same, diaphragmatic breathing, inhalation duration - 6-8 s, breath holding for 12 s, exhalation duration - 8 s; 2-3 times, the pace is slow, after each exercise take a free deep breath and exhale (2-3 times).
17. I. p. - lying on the left (right) side, raise the leg to the side, lower it; 5-6 times on each side, average pace.
18 . I. p. - the same thing, take your leg back - inhale, press your knee to your stomach - exhale; 3-4 times on each side, tempo slow.
19 . I. p. - lying on your back, alternately bending and straightening your legs at the knee joints - imitation of riding a bicycle; 5-6 times, fast pace, arbitrary breathing.
20 . I. p. - lying on your back, right foot on the left; raise the pelvis, involving the stomach - inhale, return to i. n. - exhale; 5-6 times, slow pace.
21. I. p. - lying on your stomach, alternately move your straight leg back; 3-4 times with each leg, fast pace.
22. I. p. - the same thing, bend your arms at the elbow joints, spread them to the sides; bending the right (left) leg at the knee joint, reach the elbow of the same arm; 4-5 times with each leg, average pace, random breathing.
23. I. p. - the same, hands pointing in front of the chest; raise your shoulders up - inhale (straightening), return to i. n. - exhale; 3-4 times, slow pace.
24. I. p. - standing on your knees, raise your hands up - inhale, sit on your feet (five) - exhale; 3-4 times, slow pace.
Final part
25. I. p. - standing, slow walking with breathing exercises and relaxation exercises; 60-90 s, slow pace.
26. I. p. - the same thing, relax the abdominal muscles (sticking it out). Contract the abdominal muscles (pull in the stomach) 15-20 times, the pace is fast, breathing is arbitrary.
27. I. p. - the same thing, arms through the sides up - inhale, return to i. n. - exhale; 3-4 times, slow pace.
Introductory part:
Slow walking in a circle - 40 s;
Breathing exercises while walking - 60 s;
Starting position, standing - slowly arms up and down - 3-6 times;
Main part:
Starting position, sitting - bend down forward slowly - 4-6 times;
Starting position, lying on your back - bending the legs at the knee and hip joints, without lifting them from the support - 4-6 times;
Starting position, sitting - turns the body left and right at a slow pace - 2-3 times;
Starting position, lying on your stomach - bending the legs at the knee joint alternately - 8-10 times; - starting position sitting - lifting the right leg together with the left hand, then the left leg with the right hand - 4-6 times;
Starting position, lying on your back - diaphragmatic breathing - 8-10 times;
Starting position, lying on your side - lifting the upper leg bent at the knee - 3-4 times;
Final part:
Slow walking in a circle - 60 s;
Breathing exercises while walking - 60 sec.
Summary of a special lesson in therapeutic exercises for atonic colitis
Introductory part:
Walking in a circle - 30 s;
Walking backwards - 30 s;
Walking on toes - 30 s;
Easy run - 20 s. Main part:
Starting position, standing - bend forward - 6-8 times;
Starting position, lying on your back - raising straight legs - 4-6 times;
Starting position, standing - turn the body to the right and left, hands on the belt - 6-8 times;
Starting position, lying on your stomach - “fish” - 4-6 times;
Starting position, standing - bending to the sides;
Starting standing position - lifting legs to chest alternately - 4-7 times;
Starting position, lying on your back - “bicycle” - 30 s;
Starting position, standing - deep squats -6-8 times;
Starting position, sitting - “goose step”
Final part:
Easy running - 30 s.
Walking on heels - 30 s.
Walking in a circle - 30 s.
Breathing exercises - 20 s.
Exercise therapy for obesity.
Adipose tissue is an independent formation that develops from a special reticular rudiment. Its excessive development - hyperplasia - is difficult to treat, but has a favorable course. The most dangerous age leading to excess deposition of adipose tissue is early childhood. Therefore, obesity prevention should begin from this period. The accumulation of fat when it is abundantly supplied with food or in certain pathological conditions should be considered not as adipose tissue, but as fatty infiltration. In this case, hypertrophy of the adipose tissue itself occurs, and a disease occurs that gradually acquires an unfavorable course.
Fat is widely distributed in the animal body. It is an integral part of the protoplasm of every cell. In addition, the body has some amount of reserve fat (from 10 to 20% of body weight). Protoplasmic fat is characterized by relative constancy and differs in chemical composition from reserve fat. The importance of fat is manifested in the fact that it acts as an elastic lining for a number of organs, protects them from cooling, is a rich potential source of energy (about 140 thousand kcal), a solvent for a number of vitamins (A, D, E), and is related to immune properties body.
However, if there is excess deposition, then obesity becomes a disease, a “time bomb”, in which disorders occur that have much in common with the aging process. Thus, life expectancy with obesity in old age is reduced by an average of 10-12 years, and mortality among people over 45 years of age is 2 times higher than among people of the same age but with normal nutrition. It is believed that the main cause of death in obese people is damage to the cardiovascular system, where the most common manifestation of pathology is increased blood pressure.
Obesity is a common pathology of modern society. Thus, in Czechoslovakia it is observed in 26% of men and 33% of women. In women over 40 years of age living in cities, the incidence of obesity reaches 64%. In the USA, 20% of the population over 30 years of age is obese, in Russia - every third. However, what is alarming is the increase in obesity among young people. For example, if in the 60s obesity among schoolchildren was observed in 4-5% of cases, then in the 70s it reached 11.2%.
In the development of obesity, a large role is assigned to the nutritional factor. Along with this, increasing importance is being given in the development of obesity to a decrease in muscle activity - hypokinesia. Calculations show that the energy expenditure of a standard man, according to WHO, today amounts to up to 3000 kcal per day, for women up to 2200 kcal. If we subtract 2000-1500 kcal for the basal metabolism and metabolic thermogenesis from these values, it turns out that the cost of the body’s activities is 1000 and 700 working kilocalories, respectively. At the same time, to maintain physical condition at a sufficient level of development, it is necessary to consume 1200-1300 kcal daily.
Thus, from the above it follows that in the treatment of obesity, along with other methods, a significant role is given to a low-calorie diet and increased physical activity. The optimal amount of body weight loss is considered to be 1 kg per week. Having achieved the desired result, you need to adhere to the principle of the Hippocratic diet - the amount of food consumed should correspond
energy consumed.
Depending on the degree of obesity and concomitant diseases, the physical activity patterns of patients will differ. At the same time, there are some general provisions regarding the organization of physical exercise (Table 4). They should be of an exclusively dynamic nature with the inclusion of predominantly large muscle groups in the work, combined with
breathing exercises and rest breaks. Physical activity in general should be large in volume, performed in an aerobic mode for up to 60 - 90 minutes. It is recommended to end physical training with self-massage and water treatments. For persons with III-IV degree obesity, in order to prevent disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the spine, exercises in the pool and on exercise machines (bicycle ergometer) are preferable.
Table 1
THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR ULCER DISEASE.
| CONTRAINDICATIONS | Period of exacerbation, complicated course (penetration, perforation, malignancy, bleeding). | |||
| APPOINTMENT DATES | Prescribed in the phase of fading exacerbation, incomplete and complete remission. In case of violation of the regulatory mechanisms, it is difficult - in the reflex phase of digestion, exercise therapy is carried out before meals, in case of pathological strengthening of stomach function in the second phase of digestion - after meals, but not earlier than 1.5 - 2 hours. | |||
| OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL THERAPY | General strengthening and improvement of the patient’s body, normalization of the patient’s neuropsychic state and neurohumoral regulation of the digestive organs. | |||
| ENGINE MODES AND THEIR CONTENTS | Active bed (2-7 sessions). Simple exercises are performed with the muscles of the upper and lower extremities without tension at a slow pace and monotonous rhythm. Range of motion is limited. Commands are given in a calm voice with slow diction. Breathing is voluntary, calm, somewhat slow. Classes are held in a separate, warm and darkened room, lying down, lasting 20 minutes. Afterwards - massage of the abdomen and back at level D6 - D10, partial wet rubbing. | Transitional (8-15 exercises) Therapeutic gymnastics should not undergo fundamental changes. The number of exercises increases. Partial wet wiping after the massage is replaced by a low-pressure shower. | General tonic (20-45 exercises) General developmental exercises for all muscle groups from all major IPs. The pace is average. Exercises are used in the classes and walking is included. Duration 25 -30 min. | |
Exercise therapy for dyskinesia of the gallbladder according to the hypotonic type Table 2
| Part of the lesson | Target setting | Content | Duration | Guidelines |
| Introductory | Activating attention Preparing for the main part | 1. Applied physical exercises (walking and its variations, light running) 2. Active general developmental exercises 3. Static and dynamic breathing exercises | 5-7 minutes | Starting position standing, reaching the level of moderate intensity load |
| Main | Solving special and general treatment problems | 1 . Static and dynamic breathing exercises in i. n. lying and standing 2. Drainage exercises in i. n. lying on the left side, standing on all fours 3. Exercise for the abdominal muscles in the i. p. lying on your back 4. General developmental exercises from p. lying, sitting, standing for various muscle groups 5. Game of average mobility | 15-18 minutes | The pace of execution is average, alternating special exercises with general developmental exercises in accordance with 1:1 |
| Final | Consolidation of results, reduction of load to the level of motor mode | 1 . Applied exercises (walking with gradual slowdown) 2. Relaxation exercises 3. Static breathing exercises | 3-5 minutes | Starting positions, standing, sitting, slow pace |
Table 3
Exercise therapy FOR SPASTIC COLITIS
| Part of the lesson | Initial position | Exercise therapy products | Duration | Target setting |
| Introductory | Lying on your back, on your side | Active exercises for limbs from lightweight and. etc. in combination with static breathing exercises at a slow and medium pace | 5-7 minutes | Activation of attention, preparation for the main part |
| Main | Sitting on a chair, standing with support Standing | Exercises for the limbs without increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Exercises for core muscles with limited range of motion Breathing exercises Relaxation exercises Exercises for limbs and trunk in combination with walking variations Low mobility play | 6-8 minutes 3-5 minutes 1-3 minutes | Solving special exercise therapy problems Solving general exercise therapy problems |
| Final | Lying on your back, legs bent at the knee joints | Limb exercises combined with relaxation exercises and static breathing exercises | 3-5 minutes | Reducing the load level |
Table 4
THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR OBESITY.
| Forms of obesity | Metabolic and nutritional | Cerebral | Neuroendocrine |
| Types of obesity | Hyperplasia of adipose tissue (benign course, but difficult to treat) Hypertrophy of adipose tissue (unfavorable course, but easier to treat) | ||
| Systems involved in the breakdown and (or) utilization of fats | Muscular | Liver | Lungs |
| General principles of prevention and treatment of obesity | Low-calorie diet, physical exercise, drugs that reduce appetite, thirst, increase basal metabolism, diuresis, energy expenditure. | ||
| Therapeutic exercise for obesity III-IV degree. (without concomitant pathology) | Physical activity throughout the day, in the introductory period the number of exercises in a complex is 15-20, the number of exercise repetitions is 5-7 times, gradually increase the number of exercise repetitions to 20-25 times. The volume of physical work performed should be large (50-50 minutes), the heart rate during exercise should not exceed 70-75% of aerobic power. | ||
| Therapeutic exercise for obesity II-III degree. with concomitant diseases (hypertension, NC stage I). | I. Intermittent physical activity on simulators lasting 3-5 minutes with rest intervals between them of 3-5 minutes. Repeat 5-10 series. II. Bicycle rides with accelerated riding (500-800 m) up to 10-15 km. III. Walking with acceleration (50-100 m) up to 2-3 km per day. The intensity of exercise is 50-60% of aerobic power. All types of loads are preceded by gymnastic exercises for medium and large muscle groups of a dynamic nature. The pace is average, duration is 10-15 minutes. |
CONTROL QUESTIONS.
1.Name the types of muscle contractions (p. 7).
2. What motor modes are used in patients with AMI at the inpatient stage of rehabilitation (pp. 11-12).
3. Name the groups of patients at the dispensary and polyclinic stage of rehabilitation (p. 20).
4. Classification of breathing exercises (p. 27).
5. Contraindications to the Buteyko technique (p. 25).
6. Name the contraindications to exercise therapy for pneumonia (p. 29).
7. Name special exercises for biliary dyskinesia of the hypotonic type (p. 48).
TESTS.
1. Choose completely incorrect answers.
The patient has acute coronary syndrome. Emergency doctor tactics:
A) hospitalization;
B) refer the patient to a rehabilitation center;
C) administer painkillers and call a local doctor;
D) perform a chest massage.
ANSWER: b, c, d.
2. B., 40 years old, is in hospital treatment with a diagnosis of hypertension stage II, stage III, risk 3. HF II FC.
He is shown: a) static stresses with 70-80% of the MVC.
b) relaxation exercises;
c) exercise on an exercise bike for 10-12 minutes. in a day;
d) long-term physical activity in an intensive training mode.
ANSWER: b, c.
3.Answer options:
A. Static breathing exercises.
B. Progressive muscle relaxation.
B. Circuit training.
D. Detorsion exercises.
D. Massage of the collar area.
E. Dynamic exercises for the distal limbs.
F. Static stress.
G. Coordination exercises.
Introductory question.
For each patient with cardiovascular pathology, choose the most likely means of physical rehabilitation.
Task conditions:
1. B., 30 years old, was examined in a hospital with a diagnosis of Arterial hypertension of unknown origin. CH 0. During the examination, no changes in the internal organs were detected. Discharged with a diagnosis of hypertensive type NCD. CH 0.
2. B., 55 years old, second day in the cardiology department with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. AMI with Q with localization in the lower wall of the left ventricle, the 10th period. CH II FC.
4. Choose absolutely correct answers.
B., 65 years old, is being sent to a cardiological sanatorium after suffering an AMI. He must have the following level of physical fitness:
A) take full care of yourself;
B) climb the stairs to at least 1 floor;
B) walk 3 km at a fast pace;
D) meet the threshold load power of 300-400 kgm/min.
ANSWER: a, b, d.
5. For each numbered pathology, select the most appropriate answer, indicated by a letter:
1. Hypertension. A) circuit training.
2. AMI (3-5 days). B) muscle relaxation.
3. NCD of the hypotonic type. B) exercises in i. n. lying down.
6. For each patient with AMI, select the appropriate rehabilitation mode.
List of answer options:
A) half-bed;
B) gentle;
B) extended bed;
D) free;
D) ward.
1. The patient’s ECG shows the beginning of the formation of a coronary T wave. An adequate subjective and objective reaction to the orthotest and physical activity.
2. The patient climbs the stairs to the 2nd floor. Walks 0.3-0.5 km at a pace of 70-90 steps per minute.
7. Choose completely wrong answers.
The concept of “physiological myocardial hypertrophy” includes:
A) accelerated development of capillaries;
B) lengthening of muscle fiber;
B) bradycardia;
D) accelerated development of mitochondria and protein membranes.,
ANSWERS: b, c.
8. Possible answers:
A. Acceleration of blood flow.
B. Reduced blood deposition.
B. Muscle pump.
G. Adrenaline.
D. Change in intra-abdominal pressure.
E. Norepinephrine.
Introductory question.
For each extracardiac circulatory factor, select the most likely mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity.
1. Vascular.
ANSWER: a, b.
2. Non-vascular.
ANSWER: c, d.
3. Neurohumoral.
ANSWER: g, e.
9. For each numbered mechanism of adaptation of the heart to physical activity, select the most appropriate answer indicated by a letter:
1. Physiological hypertrophy a) positive trophotropic,
inotropic effect.
2. Physiological dilatation b) advanced development
capillaries, mitochondria,
protein membranes.
3. Bradycardia c) relaxation, prolongation
muscle fiber.
COMBINATION OF ANSWERS: 1-b, 2-c, 3-a.
10. Select option A if both parts are worded correctly and the rationale accurately explains the meaning of the statement.
Statement Rationale
1. With a rationally constructed 1. With a rational physical
physical training in the heart training in the myocardium takes place
physiological accelerated development of capillaries occurs
hypertrophy of the myocardium and mitochondria.
2. With a rationally constructed 2. With a rational physical
during physical training, a release occurs in the heart during training
physiological biologically active substances are formed.
myocardial dilatation
3. For acute coronary syndrome 3. For acute coronary syndrome
physical activity is contraindicated; the syndrome must be started
active physical exercise
from the first day.
4.After the inpatient stage 4. Inpatient rehabilitation stage
rehabilitation of patients with AMI patients with AMI ends
follows a dispensary and polyclinic sparing regimen.
11.Choose absolutely incorrect answers.
Special breathing exercises include:
A) localized;
B) sound;
B) dynamic;
D) static.
ANSWER: C, D
12. For each patient with respiratory pathology, select means of physical rehabilitation.
List of answer options.
A. Volitional elimination of deep breathing.
B. Relaxation exercises.
B. Drainage positions and exercises in these positions.
D. Localized breathing exercises.
D. Massage of the chest on the affected side.
E. Hardening.
F. Coordination exercises.
G. Detorsion exercises.
1. B., 30 years old, has been in the hospital for the 3rd day with a diagnosis of community-acquired typical lower lobe pneumonia on the right. During therapy, the temperature returned to normal and the symptoms of intoxication were relieved.
Choose 2 products.
ANSWER: G,D.
2. B., 42 years old, has been suffering from bronchial asthma for 5 years. Choose 3 means of rehabilitation.
ANSWER: A, B, E.
13. For each numbered respiratory disease, select the most appropriate answer indicated by the letter.
1. Bronchiectasis. A) Voluntary liquidation
deep breathing.
2. Bronchial asthma. B) Drainage provisions
3. Pneumonia. B) Localized exercises
COMBINATION OF ANSWERS: 1-B; 2-A; 3-B.
14. Select option A if both parts are correctly worded and the rationale accurately explains the meaning of the statement.
B - if the statement and justification are formulated correctly, but the second is not a correct explanation of the first.
C - if the statement is correct, but the explanation is incorrect.
D - if the statement is false, but the justification is correct.
STATEMENT RATIONALE
1. For organ diseases 1. Breathing exercises
breathing is necessary breathing increases ventilation,
exercises. lymph and blood circulation in
in the lungs.
2. For bronchial asthma 2. For bronchial asthma
it is necessary to use the localized breathing technique
Buteyko. exercises.
3. Fever is 3. For organ diseases
contraindication to the use of breathing at any stage
means of physical rehabilitation. it is necessary to apply means
15.Choose the absolutely correct answers.
Contraindications to the prescription of kinesitherapy for respiratory diseases are:
A) pulmonary hemorrhage;
B) DN I st;
C) severe concomitant pathology of internal organs (coronary artery disease, defects, etc.);
D) thrombosis, thromboembolism.
ANS: A, B, D.
16. For each disease, select a physical therapy task.
Possible answers:
A) teach voluntary breathing;
B) prevention of the formation of pleural adhesions;
C) prevention of diaphragm displacement;
D) training of auxiliary muscles;
D) teaching drainage positions.
1. Bronchiectasis.
2. Pulmonary emphysema.
3. Bronchial asthma.
ANSWERS: 1-d; 2-g; 3-a.
17.For each numbered sample, select the most appropriate answer, indicated by a letter:
1. Stange test a) 20 squats in 30 seconds.
2. Genche’s test b) holding the breath while inhaling
3. Martinet test c) holding the breath while exhaling
ANSWERS: 1- b; 2-in; 3-a.
18.Choose absolutely wrong answers.
A patient has a prolonged attack of bronchial asthma. Emergency doctor tactics:
A) hospitalization;
B) chest massage;
C) training in volitional elimination of deep breathing.
ANSWER: B, c.
19. A patient suffering from bronchial asthma for many years experienced an attack of suffocation while doing therapeutic exercises. What do you think was the most likely reason?
A) autogenic training;
B) sound gymnastics;
C) intensive general developmental exercises in a training mode;
D) relaxation exercises.
20.Choose absolutely wrong answers.
Contraindications to exercise therapy for pneumonia are:
A) fever;
B) accelerated ESR;
B) low-grade fever;
D) general serious condition of the patient.
ANSWER: b, c.
21. Choose completely incorrect answers.
Contraindications to the prescription of exercise therapy for peptic ulcer disease are:
A) penetration;
B) fading exacerbation;
B) complete remission;
D) bleeding.
ANSWERS: B, C.
22. The patient has stage III obesity, metabolic-nutritional form. Which of the following means of physical rehabilitation are the most optimal:
A) physical work, lasting 50-60 minutes;
B) exercises on weight training machines;
B) massage;
D) self-massage;
D) low-calorie diet.
ANSWERS: A, D, D.
23. For each pathology of the digestive organs, select the optimal starting position for exercise therapy, indicated by the letter:
1. Biliary dyskinesia a) standing;
2. Peptic ulcer b) lying on the left side;
3 Spastic colitis c) lying on the back.
ANSWERS: 1-b; 2- b; 3- a.
24.Choose the absolutely correct answer.
A) 1.5-2 hours after eating;
B) 4 hours after eating;
B) before meals;
D) 1.5-2 hours after a meal or before a meal.
Condition. Name the time of prescription of exercise therapy for duodenal ulcer.
25.Choose the absolutely correct answer:
A) 1 kg per week;
B) 500 g per week;
B) 3 kg per week.
What is the optimal amount of weight loss per week for obesity.
26.For each disease of the digestive system, select a physical therapy task.
Answer options.
A) restoration of the passage of feces through the intestines;
B) increasing the body's resistance;
C) normalization of the evacuation function of the gallbladder;
1. Chronic colitis.
2. Biliary dyskinesia.
ANSWER: 1-a; 2nd century
27. A patient has biliary dyskinesia of the hypokinetic type. Name special exercises.
A) exercises for the abdominal muscles;
B) drainage exercises from i. n. on the left side;
B) detorsion exercises;
D) coordination exercises.
ANSWERS: A, B.
28. The patient has a diagnosis: Nonspecific ulcerative colitis, bleeding complications. Ambulance doctor tactics.
A) hospitalization;
B) abdominal massage;
C) training in specific exercises.
Instructions. Select one or more correct answers according to the scheme:
A) - if the correct answers are 1, 2 and 3
B) - if the correct answers are 1 and 3
B) - if the correct answers are 2 and 4
D) - if the correct answer is 4
D) - if the correct answers are 1,2,3,4 and 5
Rehabilitation for uncomplicated myocardial infarction should begin with:
1. first, second day from the onset of a heart attack
2.the first week from the onset of a heart attack
3.second week from the onset of a heart attack
4.third week from the onset of myocardial infarction
5.sixth week from the onset of a heart attack
29. The “Q” wave reflects excitement:
1. sinus node
2. atria
1.interventricular septum
2.left ventricle
3.right ventricle
30. The “P” wave reflects excitement:
1. sinus node
2. atria
3. atrioventricular node
4.bundle trunk
5. ventricles
31. The criteria for mastering the physical rehabilitation program for patients with myocardial infarction at the hospital stage are:
1.perform therapeutic exercises for 20 - 30 minutes.
2.walking at a slow pace 500 - 1000 meters
3.climb the stairs to the 1st - 2nd floor
4.class in the “health” group and short run
5.exercises on a bicycle ergometer
32. The objectives of therapeutic exercises for hypertension in the second half of the course of treatment include:
1.training of extracardiac and cardiac circulatory factors
2.training the plasticity of nervous processes
3.training the function of the respiratory system
4.strengthening abdominal muscles
5. trail running
33. To reduce hypertension in the pulmonary circulation in patients with heart defects, the following types of physical exercises are used:
1. with an extended exhalation
2.holding your breath while inhaling
3.diaphragmatic breathing
4.holding your breath while exhaling
5. intermittent breathing
34. The objectives of therapeutic exercises for gastritis with increased secretion include:
1.increasing the patient’s performance
2.reduction of increased tone of the autonomic nervous system
3.improving the motor function of the stomach and intestines
4.increasing the tone of the autonomic nervous system
5.strengthening the trunk extensor muscles
35. In patients with intestinal disease, exercise therapy is used:
1. during the period of subsidence of acute symptoms of enterocolitis
2.in the period of exacerbation of acute colitis
3. for intestinal dyskinesia of a spastic-atonic nature
4. for ulcerative colitis with bleeding
5.for abdominal pain
36. Special exercises for obesity include:
1.gymnastic exercises for large muscle groups
2.walking at a medium to fast pace
3.running
4.exercises on simulators
5.swimming in the pool
37. The most pathogenetically adequate exercises for obesity are:
1.speed
2.speed-power
3.power
4. complex coordination
5. cyclical, training endurance
38. Therapeutic exercise for diabetes mellitus is used for the purpose of:
1.general health effects
2.lowering blood sugar levels
3.reducing the dose of insulin medications
4.stimulating the use of sugar by tissues
5.increased insular activity of the pancreas
39. Indications for prescribing therapeutic exercises to patients with severe diabetes mellitus may be:
1.reducing hyperglycemia
2.increasing reserve blood alkalinity
3. bringing ketonemia closer to normal
4. reduction of cholesterol in the blood
40. Therapeutic exercises are indicated for patients with diabetes mellitus:
1.with severe diabetes
2. mild clinical course
3.in a precomatose state
4.medium weight
41. For prolapsed stomach and enterocolitis, the following are indicated:
1. standing exercises with body shaking
2.gymnastic exercises for the limbs and body while lying down with the pelvis raised
3.exercises for the torso while lying down with fixed legs
4.walking while wearing a fixation belt
5.jumping, skipping
42. Special exercises for diseases of the digestive system include:
1. general improvement of the body
2.regulation of digestive processes
3.improving blood circulation in the abdominal cavity and preventing adhesions
4.stimulating the motor function of the stomach and intestines
5.abdominal massage
43. The objectives of physical therapy for heart defects on bed rest are aimed at:
1.improving peripheral blood circulation and reducing venous
2.increase in coronary blood flow
3.education of correct full breathing with prolonged exhalation
4.improved myocardial nutrition
5. prevention of thrombosis and embolism
44. The optimal starting position for patients with hypertension in the second half of the course of treatment is:
1.lying horizontally
2.sitting on a chair or standing
3.sitting on a gymnastic bench
5. standing on all fours
45. Clinical and physiological justification for physical therapy for hypertension includes:
1. balancing the processes of excitation and inhibition
2. coordination of the functions of the most important organs and systems involved in the pathological process
3. equalizing vascular tone and increasing myocardial contractility
4.activation of the blood anticoagulant system
5.improvement of myocardial trophism
46. Indicators of an adverse reaction to physical activity in patients with myocardial infarction are:
1. attacks of angina
2.severe ischemia on the ECG
3.exceeding permissible heart rate limits
4. drop in systolic blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbance
47. The physical rehabilitation program for patients with coronary heart disease of functional class II includes:
1. therapeutic exercises for 30 - 40 minutes with a heart rate of 120 - 130 beats per minute
2.walk at an average pace
3. dosed sports-applied exercises
4.exercises on an exercise bike
5.self-massage of hands
48. The criteria for mastering the physical rehabilitation program for patients with myocardial infarction at the hospital stage are:
6.perform therapeutic exercises for 20 - 30 minutes.
7.walking at a slow pace 500 - 1000 meters
8.climbing the stairs to the 1st - 2nd floor
9.class in the “health” group and short run
10. exercises on a bicycle ergometer
50. Motor modes of patients with myocardial infarction at the hospital stage of rehabilitation include:
1. strictly bed rest
2.light bed rest
3. ward mode
4.training mode
5. gentle training mode
51. The objectives of therapeutic exercises for hypertension in the first half of the course of treatment include:
1. mobilization and moderate training of extracardiac circulatory factors
2.improving the function of external respiration
3.improvement of redox processes, reduction of vascular tone
4.improving the psycho-emotional state of patients
5.improving the function of external respiration
Conclusion.
Currently, rehabilitation problems are relevant throughout the world. The number of complications and deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory pathologies is increasing, despite the use of effective modern medications. The cost of medications is rising. In this regard, issues of prevention and non-drug correction come to the fore, which must be emphasized when students study internal diseases. During practical classes and lectures, consider issues of medical examination, non-drug treatment, exercise therapy, and lifestyle changes for patients with pathologies of internal organs.
This textbook examines a modern view on the issues of rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular, respiratory pathologies, gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic disorders.
The first chapter discusses issues of rehabilitation for diseases of the cardiovascular system: AMI, hypertension, NCD. Motor modes are studied at various stages of rehabilitation of patients with AMI. Indications and contraindications for the use of exercise therapy products and methods in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system are considered.
The second chapter of the manual is devoted to the rehabilitation of patients with respiratory pathologies: pneumonia, bronchial asthma, COPD, pleurisy. A modern classification of breathing exercises is given. Modern techniques used in exercise therapy for patients with bronchopulmonary pathology are considered.
The third chapter discusses the rehabilitation of patients with gastrointestinal diseases: peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, dyskinesias of the gastrointestinal tract, chronic colitis, chronic cholecystitis. General and special techniques for this category of patients are studied in detail. LH complexes are presented. This chapter also discusses issues of exercise therapy in patients with various forms of obesity.
The test questions presented in this textbook allow you to assess the level of students' knowledge on the topic being studied.
The textbook contains test tasks of various levels, which also allow you to assess the level of knowledge of students.
The textbook is intended for students of medical universities.
LITERATURE
1. Epifanov V. A. Therapeutic physical culture. Textbook for universities. - GEOTAR-MED, 2002.-559 p.
2. Vorobyova I.I. Motor regimen and physical therapy in pulmonology. - M., 2000.-63p.
3. Dubrovsky V.I. Therapeutic physical culture. - M., 2001. - 607 p.
4. Epifanov V. A. Therapeutic physical culture.-M., 2001.-586 p.
5. Matveev S.V., Kherodinov B.I. Therapeutic physical education in children with gastroenteropathy. - S-P., Sotis, 2002. - 95 p.
6. Plotnikov V.P. Physical rehabilitation of students with neurocirculatory dystonia. - M., 2002-47p.
7. Plotnikov V.P., Polyaev B.A. Postisometric influence of muscle tension on the cardiovascular system.// Human Physiology.-M., 2002-No. 3.-p.81-84.
8. Plotnikov V.P., Polyaev B.A., Chogovadze A.D. On the issue of classification of physical exercises.// Issues of balneology, physiotherapy and physical therapy. - M., Medicine, 2001- No. 3.- p. 19-22.
9.Popov S.N. Physical rehabilitation. - “Phoenix”, 2004-603 p.
Application.
Approximate sets of exercises for hypertension.
For people who exercise in a gentle manner.
Fatty and high-calorie foods, neuropsychic injuries, overwork, a sedentary lifestyle - all these reasons negatively affect the entire body and, in particular, the. A sandwich eaten on the go, perhaps a cup of tea or coffee during the day, and a hearty high-calorie dinner in the evening... The result is the inability to empty the bowels or sudden, unexplained diarrhea. “They ate something,” as one comedian says. But this “something was eaten” is a rather alarming symptom of colitis. Colitis is an inflammation of the colon mucosa, and its consequences can be severe. Liver abscesses, pyelitis, peritonitis and sepsis are all possible complications of colitis. But to avoid all this, in addition to drug treatment, it is necessary to use physical therapy as an auxiliary therapy in the treatment of colitis.
An approximate complex of therapeutic exercises for colitis
Exercise 1. Starting position - sitting on the floor (on a mat). Hands are clasped behind your back. Raise your legs straight above the floor, while slightly leaning your body towards your legs. Tilt - inhale. Return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 8-10 times.
Exercise 2. Starting position - lying on your back. The arms are extended along the body. Raise your bent leg at the knee to your chest and stretch your forehead to your knee. Repeat 6-8 times. Do it with one leg, then the other.
Exercise 3. Starting position - lying on your back. The arms are extended along the body. Raise your right leg up - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat with the left leg. Perform 8-10 times.
Exercise 4. Starting position - sitting. Place your hands behind your back on the floor. Raise your straight legs up - inhale. Lower - exhale. Repeat 8-10 times.
Exercise 5. Starting position - standing on your knees and hands. Raise your legs one at a time. Perform 8-10 times with each leg.
Exercise 6. Starting position - lying on your back. The arms are extended along the body. Raise your knees bent to your chest. Raise - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 7. Starting position - lying on your back. Place your hands on the floor behind your back, raise your body and bend at the waist. Repeat 4-6 times.
Exercise 8. Starting position - lying on your back. Raise your legs with your knees bent and imitate riding a bicycle. The exercise time is 30-40 s.
Exercise 9. Starting position - sitting on a small chair. Leaning on the edges of the chair, squat down in front of the chair. Rest your hands on the edges of the chair. Repeat 4-6 times.
Exercise 10. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Lean forward, trying to reach the tips of your toes. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 11. Starting position - sitting on a high chair. Turn your body to the right and left while raising your arms to the sides. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 12. Starting position - lying on your back. Place your hands on your waist and rest your elbows on the floor, while raising your hips. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 13. Starting position - the same as in the previous exercise. Place your hands on the floor behind your back. Raise your pelvis. The legs remain straight and extended. Pull your toes away from you. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 14. Starting position - emphasis on arms bent at the elbows and legs bent at the knees. Straighten your legs, arms remain in the same position. Return to starting position. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 15. Starting position - standing. Hands on the belt. Bend your torso to the sides. Repeat 6-8 times in each direction.
Exercise 16. Starting position - the same as in the previous exercise. Bend your torso forward and backward. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 17. Starting position, as in exercise 15. Do circular rotations with your hips clockwise, counterclockwise. Execution time 30-40 s.
Exercise 18. Starting position - standing, hands on your belt. Do squats (incomplete) Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 19. Starting position - sitting on a chair, sideways to the back of the chair. Lean back (holding the back of the chair), legs are fixed (someone is holding, cling to the table or sofa). Return to starting position. Repeat 4-6 times.
Exercise 20. Slow walking with high knees.
Exercise therapy for gastric ulcers
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a fairly common disease. Already in the works of Galen, Celsus and other scientists of the ancient world and the Middle Ages there are descriptions of the symptoms of gastric ulcer. Most often, this disease affects males. Localization of the ulcer in the duodenum is typical for young people. The urban population suffers from peptic ulcer disease much more often than the rural population. Psycho-emotional overstrain, neurogenic stress are the scourge of our time (which is most typical for the population living in urban areas), they are a kind of background for the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease. And bad habits such as smoking, alcoholism, unhealthy diet (overeating, irregular meals, abuse of coarse and fatty foods) aggravate the severity of the disease.
The main manifestation of peptic ulcer disease is the presence of long-term non-healing ulcers in the stomach or duodenum. Single ulcers predominate in number, but several ulcers are occasionally found. Often this disease has a long-term chronic course. Seasonality is a typical phenomenon for peptic ulcer disease. This means that exacerbations usually occur in the spring and autumn. Symptoms of peptic ulcer include pain, vomiting, belching, and heartburn. Appetite may persist, but fear of pain forces patients to abstain from eating, which is absolutely not allowed. A symptom such as constipation is characteristic of duodenal ulcer. In severe cases, bleeding may occur.
For uncomplicated peptic ulcers, treatment is mainly conservative, with the exception of emotional and physical stress and work associated with irregular nutrition. In the stage of stable remission, along with anti-relapse treatment, physical therapy exercises are recommended.
An approximate complex of therapeutic exercises for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum
Exercise 1. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Arms bent at the elbows, hands in front of the chest. Swing to the sides with straightened arms, while turning your body to the right side - inhale. Return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat on the other side. Perform 5-6 times in each direction.
Exercise 2, Starting position - sitting on a chair. Make swings with straightened legs - first with one leg, then with the other. Repeat 5-6 times.
Exercise 3. Starting position - the same, arms along the body. Raise your arms up, across the sides, at the same time raise your legs to the sides - inhale. Return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 4. Starting position - the same. Support your hands on the seat of the chair. Without taking your hands off the chair, sit down in front of the chair - inhale. Return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 5-6 times.
Exercise 5. Starting position - sitting on a chair. Hands rest on the seat of the chair behind your back. Raise your knees to the sides until you feel tension. Repeat 5-6 times.
Exercise 6. Starting position is the same. Wrap your hands around your knee. Raise one leg with your knee pressed to your chest. Repeat the same with the other leg. Perform 6-8 times.
Exercise 7. Starting position - standing sideways at the back of a chair. One hand is on the belt, the other is holding on to the back of the chair. Take your leg from the side of the chair back, squatting on the other leg. Repeat 5-6 times. Then repeat the exercise, turning on the other side.
Exercise 8. Starting position is the same. Hold the back of the chair with one hand, the other is lowered along the body. Raise your free arm in front of you and swing the same leg towards your hand. Repeat 5-6 times. Then turn to the other side and repeat the exercise with the other arm and leg.
Exercise 9. Starting position - lying on your back (on the mat). Stretch your arms along your body. Alternately raise your legs. Repeat with each leg 6-8 times.
Exercise 10. Starting position - lying on your right side. Right hand under head. Raise your left arm and left leg - inhale. Return to starting position. Repeat 5-6 times. Turn onto the other side and repeat the same movements with the other leg and arm.
Exercise 11. Starting position - lying on your back. Arms bent at the elbows, palms under the head. Raise your right leg, bending your knee toward your chest. Repeat 5-6 times. Repeat the same with the left leg.
Exercise 12. Starting position - standing. Legs. at shoulder width. Raise your arms above your head to your sides. Repeat 6-8 times.
Exercise 13. Starting position - standing. Hands on the belt. Tilt your body to the sides. Repeat 5-6 times in each direction.
Exercise 14. Starting position - standing. Arms bent at elbows, hands on shoulders. Raise one arm above your head and lower it. Raise your other hand above your head and lower it. Repeat with each hand 5-6 times.
Exercise 15. Starting position - standing. Hands on the belt. Raise your right hand up, while leaning to the left. Return to starting position. Repeat the same on the other side. Perform 5-6 times.
Exercise 16. Starting position - standing. Walking in place. The pace is average.
When performing physical therapy, you can adjust the exercises. You can supplement the complex with any exercises that are convenient or that you like, but it is advisable not to do exercises that involve sudden bending forward. It is also recommended to perform exercises 2 hours after eating, not forgetting that the load should be feasible for you. Physical exercises should be performed in a well-ventilated area, if possible with an open window, but not in a draft. The influx of fresh air into the lungs will increase the supply of oxygen to the blood, which will undoubtedly affect the improvement of metabolism, strengthening of the emotional state, and will be an effective factor in the fight against the disease.
