Liquid yellow discharge in women is like water. Watery discharge in women: norm and pathology

The slightly acidic environment of the vagina and its natural microflora prevent the development of pathogens that enter there from the outside. The mucus in the cervix serves as protection against infection spreading further into the uterus and ovaries. In a healthy woman, the removal of mucus to the outside is a normal physiological phenomenon. Its appearance only changes in different phases of the menstrual cycle. In some cases, it is normal for a woman to have watery discharge. But sometimes they are caused by serious diseases, the success of treatment of which depends on timely diagnosis.

Content:

What can cause natural fluid discharge in women?

The consistency and volume of discharge varies depending on the stage of the cycle. The density of mucus produced by the glands of the cervix depends on the ratio of female sex hormones that ensure the production and maturation of eggs. Immediately after the end of menstruation, a “dry” period begins. The estrogen content is minimal, the mucous plug is the densest, and there is almost no discharge.

As estrogen levels rise and the egg matures, the discharge becomes more watery, and by the time you ovulate, the discharge has the consistency of egg white. The lowest density is observed within a few days after ovulation (the release of a mature egg from the protective bladder). The liquid consistency of the medium ensures the free passage of sperm towards the egg, as well as its further movement into the uterus. In this phase, the content of estrogen decreases, the main role is played by progesterone, the function of which is to provide conditions for the further development of the embryo.

To better secure the fertilized egg in the uterus, its epithelial layer swells and loosens. At the same time, the fluid content in the tissues increases. All this leads to the appearance of transparent liquid discharge from the genitals in a woman. At the end of the menstrual cycle, the mucus begins to thicken. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium (epithelial layer) is rejected, menstruation occurs, and a new cycle begins.

Thus, the appearance of liquid, odorless, water-like discharge closer to the middle and in the second half of the cycle is a physiological norm. In this case, the woman does not experience any unpleasant sensations.

Liquid, water-like discharge may also appear in the following cases:

• during pregnancy;
• during sexual intercourse (due to an increase in the volume of natural lubrication during sexual arousal);
• as a result of frequent changes of sexual partners (due to changes in the vaginal microflora);
• with hormonal changes, which may be caused by a lack of regular sexual activity, pregnancy protection, as well as the use of hormone-containing drugs and antibiotics;
• due to stress, climate change, affecting biochemical processes in a woman’s body, including the production of hormones.

Video: What role does clear discharge play before menstruation?

Watery discharge during pregnancy

In the first trimester of pregnancy, progesterone levels remain high. This prevents the maturation of new eggs and keeps the embryo firmly in the uterus. Therefore, there is usually no watery discharge.

At 12-13 weeks, the concentration of estrogen begins to increase, ensuring the creation of new fetal cells and preparing the woman’s body for childbirth (the condition of the cervical tissue changes, the mucous plug liquefies). The appearance of watery discharge in women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy is natural if it is colorless, odorless, and not accompanied by burning or itching.

At the end of pregnancy, thin, water-like discharge appears due to mucus mixing with urine. The uterus and fetus put pressure on the bladder, causing it to not close completely.

When watery discharge during pregnancy is a sign of pathology

Dangerous symptoms in women are:

• the appearance of watery discharge from the first weeks of pregnancy;
• the presence of an unpleasant odor (putrid, sour or fishy);
• green, yellow, gray color (indicates the presence of bacteria);
• brown or red discharge (signs of internal bleeding);
• irritation and itching of the skin in the perineum, burning sensation in the vagina;
• foamy or other unusual discharge structure;
• temperature increase;

These signs may indicate the occurrence of inflammatory processes and infection with sexually transmitted infections. There is a threat of miscarriage or complications during childbirth, and there is a high probability of infection of the fetus during passage through the birth canal.

Addition: If a woman does not have all these ominous signs, but the discharge, like water, has a yellow color and a sweetish smell, this may indicate fluid leakage from the amniotic sac. This condition is dangerous in the middle of pregnancy, causing premature birth and fetal death. At the very end of pregnancy, leakage indicates the onset of labor.

What diseases cause fluid discharge in women?

The cause of watery discharge can be inflammation and infection of the genital tract, uterus and appendages.

Salpingo-oophoritis– inflammatory process in the fallopian tubes and ovaries. As a result, damage, engorgement and scarring of the mucous membrane occurs, and tissue swelling occurs. There is a narrowing of the lumen of the fallopian tubes, a violation of their patency. It becomes difficult to capture eggs and move them through the tubes to the uterus. The fluid released in areas of inflammation accumulates in the uterine cavity and comes out in the form of copious mucous secretions.

If the inflammation is not treated, it becomes chronic, and the discharge thickens and acquires a green-yellow color due to the admixture of pus.

Bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis). This disease is associated with the proliferation of pathogenic gardnerella microbes in the vagina due to disruption of the natural microflora. The cause of the disorder may be improper douching, changing sexual partners (unprotected sex), using inappropriate contraceptives, or using antibiotics.

Inflammation subsequently spreads to the uterus and appendages. A characteristic sign of gardnerellosis is watery, often yellow discharge with a fishy odor.

Note: Gardnerella is normally always present in moderate quantities in women. Dysbacteriosis contributes to their increased reproduction.

Candidiasis (thrush)- fungal infection of the vagina. The proliferation of fungi present in the microflora occurs due to dysbacteriosis. In this case, vaginitis (inflammation of the vaginal mucosa) or vulvovaginitis (simultaneous damage to the external part of the genital organs) occurs. In this case, a woman’s discharge may have a cheesy appearance and a sour smell. There is a strong burning sensation, swelling of the genital organs, and general weakness. Urination becomes painful and frequent.

Video: Symptoms and treatment of thrush

Cervical erosion. The causes of erosion are varied: inflammatory and infectious diseases, trauma to the cervix during abortion and childbirth. Mucous liquid discharge may contain blood. In the advanced stage they become mucopurulent.

Cervicitis. Inflammation of the cervix, often accompanying erosion. There is a great danger of infection spreading along the ascending path into the uterus and appendages.

Cervical cancer. Copious discharge, liquid like water, appears due to the fact that lymph leaks through damaged tissue.

Endometritis- pathology associated with excessive growth of the inner lining of the uterus, its spread into the tubes and even into the abdominal cavity. At the same time, processes associated with the functioning of the ovaries and the production of hormones are disrupted. Watery discharge has streaks of blood and an unpleasant odor. They intensify before menstruation and appear immediately after them.

Venereal diseases(infectious agents are transmitted sexually). These include: gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis and others. The discharge in the initial stage is abundant, watery, with an unpleasant odor. The consequences in women are extensive inflammatory processes with severe complications. Both sexual partners should be treated at the same time.

Video: Diseases that cause pathological vaginal discharge

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Vaginal discharge: causes and treatment depending on color, smell, consistency and other factors

Vaginal discharge: causes of its occurrence, as well as effective methods of treatment
Vaginal discharge are a fairly common condition that from time to time worries all representatives of the fair sex, without exception. In most cases, the occurrence of vaginal discharge causes fear in a woman. In fact, only a few can distinguish normal discharge from pathological ones. We note right away that vaginal discharge can be either odorless or odorless. Their color can vary from red-bloody to yellowish. Based on consistency, there are curdled, foamy, and jelly-like discharges. Along with their occurrence, a woman may also experience symptoms such as pain, itching, and irritation. After reading the information presented in this article, you will be able to familiarize yourself with the most common forms of vaginal discharge, as well as learn about methods of diagnosis and treatment of pathologies in which they occur. In addition, this article will provide information regarding the problem of vaginal discharge during pregnancy.

Does vaginal discharge always indicate the presence of a disease? In what cases is vaginal discharge considered normal?
Vaginal discharge can occur even in completely healthy women, and this condition is considered normal. Signs of healthy vaginal discharge include:

• Clear, liquid discharge ( jelly-like, mucus)
• Discharge without a noticeable odor
• A small amount of discharge
• Discharges that do not cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs
• Discharge not accompanied by an increase in body temperature, pain or discomfort in the genital area.

If a woman is completely healthy, then vaginal discharge most often resembles mucus in consistency, which is produced by the glands of the cervix. This type of discharge is considered to be normal, since with its help it is possible to cleanse the genital tract, as well as protect the genitals from the effects of certain infections. Both the amount of normal vaginal discharge and its consistency are determined not only by the general health of the fairer sex, but also by the phase of the menstrual cycle. For example, a particularly large amount of liquid vaginal discharge is observed as ovulation approaches.
An increase in the amount of this type of discharge in a normal state of health is also possible in the case of excessive sexual arousal, against the background of stress or the use of certain pharmaceuticals, due to changes in climatic conditions.
Quite a large amount of copious liquid discharge is also observed in pregnant women, and in the last months of pregnancy there is even more of it. The increase in their number during pregnancy is easy to explain. The fact is that during this period, an increase in the number of sex hormones occurs in a woman’s body.

Vaginal discharge - what can it be?
Below, readers will be presented with information regarding the most common forms of vaginal discharge, as well as the reasons that provoke their development.

Vaginal discharge of varying colors, smells and consistency
We already said a little higher that all healthy representatives of the fairer sex experience watery, transparent and colorless vaginal discharge. If they acquire a different consistency, a specific smell or some color, then, most likely, some kind of disease has settled in the woman’s body:

Bloody (red) vaginal discharge - is a signal that there is blood in the vaginal discharge. In most cases, this type of discharge occurs two to four days before the onset of menstruation, after which it turns into heavy discharge along with the onset of menstruation. It is worth noting that this type of discharge tends to occur several days after menstruation. If the discharge is not abundant, then it is better for the woman not to panic. This phenomenon is especially common in women who wear IUDs.
Quite often, spotting is blackish or brown in color, which indicates the fact of oxidation, as well as destruction of blood in the vagina.
There are also cases when a woman experiences spotting, which contains a small amount of blood. As a rule, perimenstrual bleeding does not have a specific odor.

Sometimes light spotting is observed at the time of ovulation, as well as in women who wear a spiral or use oral contraceptives. In the case of a constant occurrence of this phenomenon while wearing an intrauterine device or using contraceptives, it is necessary to discuss this fact with a gynecologist, having previously made an appointment with him.
If bloody vaginal discharge is in no way related to the menstrual cycle, then it can be considered a signal of the presence of some pathology.
In most cases, this type of discharge makes itself felt:

• For menstrual irregularities
• Endometriosis ( adenomyosis)
• Cancer or cervical erosion. In this case, the discharge is especially abundant after sexual intercourse.

If a woman experiences bloody vaginal discharge that is in no way related to menstruation, then she should immediately discuss this issue with her doctor.

As for sudden red discharge, it can be caused by an unexpected miscarriage in the first months of pregnancy. If an ectopic pregnancy develops, a woman experiences very strong, prolonged bleeding. If, in addition to discharge, a woman also exhibits some symptoms of pregnancy, then she should be immediately taken to the hospital.
Yellow and whitish vaginal discharge is especially often observed with the development of certain infectious pathologies that tend to be sexually transmitted. The yellow or whitish color is due to the accumulation of a huge number of leukocytes and microbes in the secretions.

Purulent vaginal discharge are observed in such infectious pathologies as chlamydia, trichomoniasis, thrush, gonorrhea and others. As a rule, this type of discharge also causes a feeling of discomfort in the genital area and itching. Sometimes women also complain of pain in the lumbar region or lower abdomen. During pregnancy, whitish, viscous vaginal discharge is considered to be a normal condition if the expectant mother does not experience other symptoms of the disease.

Curdled, foamy, thick vaginal discharge
A change in the consistency of vaginal discharge is also considered to be one of the clear signs of the presence of a particular pathology. We already said a little higher that normal discharge must be liquid, similar to mucus. If the discharge is white, cheesy or foamy, then most likely the woman has some kind of infectious disease.

Vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor
The appearance of vaginal discharge with a specific odor indicates the presence of an infectious pathology. The smell in this case can be either sour or rotten or reminiscent of the smell of fish. It occurs against the background of the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, which tend to decompose nutritional components, while releasing gases with a very unpleasant odor.

Vaginal discharge before and after sexual intercourse
At the moment of sexual arousal, the vaginal glands of the fair sex tend to intensively synthesize vaginal lubrication, so that a large amount of liquid transparent discharge, which is noted before and during sexual intercourse, is considered to be the norm. Women should not be afraid of the occurrence of thick, profuse discharge even after sexual intercourse. The fact is that if sexual intercourse took place without using a condom, then it is quite possible that in this way the vagina is trying to cleanse itself of sperm. In most cases, this type of discharge disappears in a fairly short period of time.
If a woman experiences spotting during or after sex, then most likely she has cervical erosion.
The appearance of yellow, purulent, white, gray or greenish discharge several days or weeks after sexual intercourse is considered to be a signal of the occurrence of some infectious disease.

Vaginal discharge as a symptom of infection
Vaginal discharge is considered to be a clear sign of the development of an infectious pathology of the genital tract in only a few cases. The largest number of pathologies in which vaginal discharge is noted are infectious and transmitted during sexual intercourse.
The most common causes of vaginal discharge include:

• Candidiasis ( thrush)
• Urogenital trichomoniasis

Urogenital trichomoniasis as a cause of vaginal discharge
Urogenital trichomoniasis is an inflammatory pathology of the genital tract of men and women, which is infectious in nature. This disease occurs as a result of exposure to a microorganism in the human body. Trichomonas vaginalis . Infection with this pathology occurs during sexual intercourse. A clear sign of the development of this disease is considered to be inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. In medicine, this condition is called vaginitis. If vaginitis develops, a woman experiences very strong foamy vaginal discharge with a very specific odor. With chronic vaginitis, the discharge becomes thick, yellow or white. In most cases, in addition to the discharge, the woman is also bothered by very severe itching in the external genital area.

Diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis
It is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis, taking into account only the presence of discharge and some other symptoms of this pathology.
To identify this pathology, studies such as:

• A cultural research method is the cultivation of colonies of microorganisms taken from the vagina on special nutrient media and their further study.
• Microscopic examination of unstained ( native) a smear taken from the vagina.
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction) research method involving the study of genetic material Trichomonas vaginalis .
• Microscopic examination of a stained vaginal smear. It is painted with special dyes.

Therapy for urogenital trichomoniasis is possible only if the woman has been given a truly accurate diagnosis of this pathology. Among the most effective medications used in the fight against this pathology are: Nimorazole, Metronidazole , Ornidazole, Tinidazole and others. It is very important that the treatment of this disease is carried out under the vigilant supervision of a doctor. Self-treatment in this case is not recommended, since this pathology can become chronic if not treated properly. As a rule, during therapy for urogenital trichomoniasis, vaginal discharge initially becomes weaker, and then disappears completely. It is also important to draw the attention of readers to the fact that the absence of discharge does not mean complete healing, so the course of treatment must be completed to the end. How long it will last will be determined by your attending physician.

Bacterial vaginosis as a reason contributing to the development of vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis is a very common pathology accompanied by discharge that has an unpleasant odor. This disease occurs as a result of a very strong growth of bacteria directly on the vaginal mucosa. In a healthy state, these bacteria are also present in the vagina, but only in very small quantities. These can be counted as Peptococcus, so Gerdenerella vaginalis , Bacteroides and others. With the development of this pathology, a woman experiences white vaginal discharge with a fishy odor. To make a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, information about the presence of discharge alone is not enough.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis involves the use of such research methods as:

• pH-metry, or detection of the acidity of the vaginal environment. In a normal state, the vagina has an acidic environment, but in the case of bacterial vaginosis, it becomes alkaline.

As soon as the diagnosis is made, the doctor will immediately prescribe an effective treatment for this disease.

Therapy for bacterial vaginosis involves the use of local drugs, namely:

• Vaginal suppositories clindamycin ( one hundred milligrams) – must be inserted into the vagina once a day for six days.
• Metronidazole gel seventy-five percent - must be inserted into the vagina once a day for five days.

There are also cases when systemic medications are used in the fight against this pathology:

• Ornisid forte should be taken orally five hundred milligrams in the morning and evening for five days.
• Clindamycin Take three hundred milligram capsules in the morning and evening for seven days.
• Metronidazole(Trichopolum) in the form of tablets of two hundred and fifty milligrams. You should take two tablets morning and evening for seven days.

Urogenital candidiasis (thrush) as a cause contributing to the occurrence of vaginal discharge
Urogenital candidiasis is an inflammatory pathology of the genital organs in women and men, resulting from exposure to fungi of the genus Candida. In women with the development of this disease, white thick discharge is observed. In addition, they may experience discomfort and itching in the genital area. Quite often, this disease also causes pain and cramping during urination.

Diagnosis of thrush involves the use of the following research methods:

• Examination under a microscope of unstained smears taken from the vagina.
• Examination under a microscope of smears taken from the vagina stained with special dyes.
• Mycological study, which involves the detection of the type of fungus that provoked the development of urogenital candidiasis.

Therapy for urogenital candidiasis is determined by the pathogenesis of the disease: if a woman experiences infrequent exacerbations of this disease, then to combat it she is prescribed medications such as:

• Clotrimazole vaginal tablets two hundred milligrams - must be inserted into the vagina once a day for three days.
• Clotrimazole vaginal cream one percent should be inserted into the vagina once a day for seven to fourteen days.
• Isoconazole– vaginal suppositories of six hundred milligrams. It is recommended to insert into the vagina once.

If exacerbations of urogenital candidiasis occur more than four times a year, and the woman experiences very strong, thick white discharge, then systemic medications in tablet form are used:

• Itraconazole (Irunin, Orungal) should be taken two hundred milligrams once a day for three days.
• Fluconazole ( Diflucan, Flucostat, Mikomax) - used according to several treatment regimens: one hundred and fifty milligrams once, or one hundred milligrams on the first, fourth, and seventh day of therapy.

Local therapy for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system not only allows the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, but also inevitably leads to an imbalance in the beneficial microflora of the vagina and a decrease in local immunity. If you do not quickly restore the lactoflora, activation of opportunistic microflora is possible, which will lead to an exacerbation of thrush or bacterial infections. For the same reason, antifungal therapy for vaginal candidiasis may not be effective enough. Therefore, it is important, after the first stage of treatment aimed at eliminating the infection, to carry out the second stage - to restore the balance of beneficial microflora with the help of Lactozhinal capsules. This is the only tribiotic drug registered in the Russian Federation. Laktozhinal quickly restores the pH and microflora of the vagina and protects for a long time from re-exacerbation of bacterial vaginosis and thrush. Two-step therapy has recently become the gold standard for the treatment of conditions accompanied by pathological discharge. Many experts are confident that only this method can provide a pronounced and long-term therapeutic effect, strengthen local immunity, which serves as the prevention of subsequent exacerbations.

In the fight against severe forms of this pathology, rather complex combinations and regimens of antifungal medications are used, which are prescribed to the patient by his attending physician.
Self-medication for any of the above ailments is impossible. Sometimes vaginal discharge is the result of several infectious pathologies at once. Under such circumstances, a course of therapy can only be prescribed by a specialist, and then only after he has the results of all the necessary studies.

Vaginal discharge during pregnancy
Vaginal discharge is especially alarming to expectant mothers, since during this period they are responsible not only for themselves, but also for the child. In fact, every pregnant woman should pay special attention to the nature of vaginal discharge in order to “sound the alarm” at the right time.

Discharge in early pregnancy
A little higher, we said that copious clear discharge in the first months of pregnancy, which is not endowed with a specific odor, is normal.
If a woman experiences bloody discharge during this period, then this may serve as a signal of an unexpected miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.
Whitish or purulent vaginal discharge in the early stages of pregnancy is considered to be a sign of the development of one or another infectious pathology.

Discharge in late pregnancy
In the second trimester of pregnancy, in a healthy pregnant woman, vaginal discharge may acquire a thicker and more viscous consistency. This phenomenon is normal. If vaginal discharge is bloody, this may serve as a signal of the onset of premature labor or miscarriage, so in such cases, emergency hospitalization of the expectant mother is recommended. Brown vaginal discharge in late pregnancy quite often occurs due to minor bleeding from the vessels of the cervix. In this case, a pregnant woman should also visit a doctor.

When should you see a doctor about vaginal discharge?

Every woman and girl can have normal and pathological vaginal discharge. Normal discharge is caused by natural physiological processes occurring in the body, and therefore is not a sign of pathology and does not require visiting a doctor. But pathological discharge is caused by various diseases, so if they appear, you need to consult a doctor. Accordingly, in order to understand when you need to see a doctor for vaginal discharge, you need to know which discharge is pathological and which is normal.

Normal discharge is small in volume, translucent, transparent or whitish in color, watery, creamy or jelly-like consistency, with a slight sour odor. Normal discharge does not irritate the genitals and does not cause discomfort, itching, redness or swelling. Also, normal discharge does not emit a strong or unpleasant odor (for example, fishy odor, strong sour odor, etc.).

In addition, slight bloody or brownish discharge 2 to 4 days before and after menstruation is considered normal. Light spotting for several days during ovulation is also considered normal.

Bloody discharge not before or after menstruation, and also not during ovulation, is considered pathological. In addition, discharge of a greenish, yellowish, grayish, earthy color, containing impurities of pus, blood, flakes, bubbles, having a cheesy or other heterogeneous consistency, emitting an unpleasant pungent odor or causing itching, burning, swelling, redness and discomfort in the genital area, is pathological. organs.

Which doctor should I contact if I have pathological vaginal discharge?

For any pathological discharge, a woman should consult a doctor obstetrician-gynecologist (make an appointment). If the discharge causes discomfort, itching, redness, burning or swelling in the genital area, the woman can contact an obstetrician-gynecologist or venereologist (make an appointment), since such symptoms indicate the presence of an infectious-inflammatory process, which can be treated by both a gynecologist and a venereologist.

If, within two weeks after intercourse, the nature of the discharge changes, impurities of pus, mucus, flakes or bubbles appear in it, they turn greenish, yellowish, grayish or earthy in color, and begin to emit an unpleasant odor, then the woman can also consult a venereologist or a gynecologist, since such discharge indicates infection with an infectious disease.

What tests can doctors prescribe for vaginal discharge?

The list of tests and examinations that a doctor may prescribe for vaginal discharge depends on the nature of the discharge, accompanying symptoms and the results of the gynecological examination.

First of all, for any type of discharge, the doctor prescribes a gynecological bimanual examination (by hand) and examination of the tissues of the vagina and cervix in the speculum. These studies are considered routine and are carried out without fail when a woman goes to a medical facility regarding vaginal discharge of any nature.

Further, if there is quite heavy bleeding (blood discharge, as during menstruation, in the same or greater quantities), the doctor usually prescribes ultrasound examination (ultrasound) (sign up) and/or separate diagnostic scraping (sign up). Moreover, an ultrasound is performed first, and if the ultrasound results reveal a neoplasm in the uterus (for example, fibroids, polyps, etc.) or endometriosis, then separate diagnostic curettage is not performed, since it is not necessary. In such a situation, if a neoplasm is detected, the doctor may prescribe hysteroscopy (make an appointment) or suggest surgery to remove the formation. If endometriosis is detected, the doctor prescribes determination of the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in the woman’s blood. In addition, in some cases, diagnostic tests are prescribed for endometriosis. laparoscopy (make an appointment). If ultrasound results reveal endometrial hyperplasia, miscarriage, etc. against the background of bleeding, then curettage is prescribed.

If the bleeding is minor or is of the nature of bloodstaining, then during the examination the doctor will determine the condition of the cervix and vaginal tissue. If there is damage to the cervix, for example, erosion, injury from an intrauterine device or other object, then colposcopy (sign up) for itching, burning, swelling, redness and discomfort in the genital area) the doctor always prescribes first flora smear (sign up), which allows you to identify a number of the following infectious diseases: candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis (bacterial vaginosis), gonorrhea (sign up). These sexually transmitted infections are the most common compared to others, and therefore at the first stage the doctor does not prescribe more expensive and complex tests, because a simple smear on the flora allows them to be detected.

If, based on the results of the smear, it was possible to identify candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis or gonorrhea, then the doctor can go in two ways - either immediately prescribe treatment, or take a smear from the vagina for bacteriological and mycological culture to determine which antibiotics and antifungal agents will be most destructive in relation to the infectious agent present in a particular case. If the immediately prescribed treatment turns out to be ineffective, the doctor prescribes bacteriological or mycological culture.

If, according to the results of the smear, no infectious agents were detected, but there is a picture of inflammation, then the doctor prescribes more complex tests to identify pathogenic microbes. Usually, first of all, an analysis of vaginal discharge is prescribed for the presence of Trichomonas and gonococci using the PCR method and blood test for syphilis (treponema pallidum) (sign up), since these are the pathogens that occur most often. If the results of the analysis reveal any, then treatment is prescribed.

If gonococci, Trichomonas or Treponema pallidum are not detected, then ureaplasma test (sign up), chlamydia (sign up), mycoplasma (sign up), gardnerella, bacteroides. Tests for these pathogens can be different - bacteriological culture, PCR, ELISA and various methods of collecting and staining vaginal smears. The choice of analysis is made by the doctor and depends mainly on the technical capabilities of the medical institution or on the financial capabilities of the patient, since the most accurate tests most often have to be taken in private laboratories for a fee.

If the test results reveal the absence of trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, candidiasis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and gardnerellosis, but there is an inflammatory process in the genitals, then the doctor may prescribe tests for the presence of viruses - herpes virus types 1 and 2, human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, which can also provoke inflammation in the female genital organs.

Pregnant women who suspect leakage of amniotic fluid are usually prescribed a vaginal smear test for scales. In addition, there are pharmacy, ready-to-use tests for leakage of amniotic fluid, which are similar in principle to pregnancy tests. A pregnant woman can use such tests independently. Otherwise, when inflammatory vaginal discharge appears, pregnant women are prescribed the same tests as non-pregnant women. And if bleeding occurs during pregnancy, women are sent to the hospital for examination, since in such a situation they can be a sign of pregnancy complications.

What does discharge in early pregnancy tell you?

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Throughout the entire menstrual cycle, a mucous secretion is secreted from the vagina, which, in the absence of an unpleasant odor and irritation of the labia, is absolutely natural. It cleanses the vagina and uterus of dead particles and pathogenic bacteria, thereby preventing the development of pathologies. If the discharge is clear and not accompanied by painful sensations, then this is normal and does not require special treatment. But if other unpleasant symptoms appear (swelling, itching, peeling, etc.), you should immediately make an appointment with a gynecologist, as this already indicates the occurrence of inflammatory and infectious processes.

general information

Colorless, watery discharge in women throughout the menstrual cycle is natural, such as saliva in the mouth or tears. The production of mucous secretion is carried out by special glands located in the cervix. They contain keratinized particles that were rejected by the cervical canal due to the fact that they no longer perform their functions and interfere with the normal process of cell division.

In addition, the discharge contains microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, which actively multiply in the woman’s genitourinary system. In the process of their life, they produce toxic substances that provoke premature cell death, which leads to the failure of some organs. And the more pathogenic microorganisms live in the vagina, the more significant the number of dead cells.

Sometimes the released liquid acquires a yellowish or greenish tint, which is caused by the active proliferation of bacteria. Antibodies of the immune system destroy their shell and are released, as a result of which the secreted mucus acquires a similar color. This phenomenon is periodically observed in every woman and is also normal, but only if there are no other signs of the development of infectious and inflammatory processes.

Discharge before menstruation often becomes abundant and acquires a mucous consistency, which also does not indicate any abnormalities. This is natural and is caused by the body’s preparation for the upcoming menstruation. He needs to thoroughly clean the vagina of pathogenic bacteria, since during menstruation the cervix opens slightly to free itself from menstrual blood, and the risks of pathogenic microorganisms entering it with the subsequent development of infections increases significantly.

During the period of ovulation, when the egg is released from the follicle, the discharge may intensify. This is due to the active production of hormones necessary to maintain pregnancy. If the egg has not been fertilized, their production decreases and menstruation occurs.

All these processes are the absolute norm, and therefore heavy discharge should not be taken as the development of pathology. However, if symptoms such as a sharp specific odor, itching, burning, redness of the labia, swelling, etc. appear, then you must immediately go to the gynecologist, since all these signs indicate the development of various diseases that require immediate treatment.

During pregnancy

Often women notice discharge during pregnancy, which is also normal. They can become abundant, which is caused by increased activity of the glands on the cervix, which provide protection to the developing embryo from harmful microorganisms.

Under the influence of active hormone production in the first trimester, the discharge acquires a more viscous consistency and a whitish tint. After the formation of hormonal levels occurs, the vaginal secretion again becomes moderate, acquires a mucous consistency and a transparent tint.

The amount of mucus secreted may increase and decrease depending on the onset of certain phases of the menstrual cycle. So, a woman may notice discharge during the period when she should have her period. Moreover, they can be observed for a period of one week, after which the number decreases, and the expectant mother stops noticing them altogether.

Discharge from pregnant women does not have any odor. They do not cause discomfort in the perineum and are not accompanied by pain. A pregnant woman needs to visit a gynecologist if she begins to notice:

• Itching and burning in the intimate area.
• The appearance of a sharp specific odor.
• Coloration of the secreted transparent liquid in a greenish, yellow or brown color.
• Swelling of the labia and their redness.
• Abdominal pain that gets worse with urination or sex.
• Constantly wet panties.

The appearance of at least one of these symptoms indicates the development of diseases, which may include infections of the genitourinary system, including STDs (sexually transmitted diseases). Under no circumstances should they be ignored. Discharge that has an unpleasant odor and causes discomfort in the perineum should be treated immediately. Otherwise, serious health problems may arise, not only for the pregnant woman herself, but also for the unborn baby.

Firstly, there is a high risk of infection spreading throughout the body, which will lead to spontaneous miscarriage or premature birth. And secondly, the infection can easily be transmitted to a child, causing him to develop various abnormalities and congenital diseases.

To summarize, it should be said that the discharge is liquid, does not have an unpleasant odor and is not distinguished by its abundance, are the norm. In this case, you can simply use panty liners, just be sure to change them every 3 to 4 hours. But tampons cannot be used. Firstly, they put pressure on the uterus, and secondly, they help create a favorable environment in the vagina for the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.

If the appearance of discharge is accompanied by the symptoms described above, you should immediately go to the doctor, take all the necessary tests and undergo a full course of treatment. This will preserve the health of not only the expectant mother, but also her child.

What determines the consistency of discharge?

Factors that affect the consistency and amount of vaginal secretion can be divided into pathological and physiological.

Physiological

As mentioned above, discharge before menstruation becomes abundant due to the active cleansing of the cervix from harmful microorganisms. And this is the norm.

But! They can also be observed in women when exposed to factors such as:

• Frequent stress.
• Taking certain medications.
• The onset of menopause.
• A sharp change in climatic conditions.

Moreover, a woman may notice discharge like water during sexual intercourse, which is also completely normal. During sexual arousal, the glands of the cervix also actively begin to secrete a mucous secretion, which protects it from mechanical damage and appears in the form of a lubricant.

Discharge is often observed throughout the menstrual cycle when taking contraceptive medications. They have a suppressive effect on pregnancy hormones, thereby changing the hormonal balance as a whole. As a result of this, a woman begins to have discharge in the middle of the cycle, at its beginning and end.

When taking antibiotics, the vaginal microflora also changes. An acidic environment begins to predominate in it, which is favorable for the development of pathogenic bacteria. The body tries to cleanse itself of them, as a result of which discharge appears, regardless of the cycle.

A watery secretion after menstruation streaked with blood is also considered a normal physiological phenomenon. Its appearance occurs due to the continued cleansing of the uterine cavity from menstrual blood. During this period, even a watery brown secretion may appear. But, as a rule, it is present in small quantities and is observed for no more than 2 days.

Discharge can also occur with frequent changes of sexual partners, the use of special lubricants and condoms. No matter how strange it may sound, if a girl notes that after sex, mucus leaks from her vagina, itching and burning appear in the intimate area, then this may indicate an allergic reaction to the man’s sperm. In this case, consultation is required not only with a gynecologist, but also with an allergist.

Discharges that are natural never cause severe discomfort. The only thing that can bother you when they appear is wet panties. But you can also cope with this problem by arming yourself with sanitary napkins for daily use.

Pathological

Discharge without odor or other unpleasant symptoms is natural and does not require any treatment. But if a woman notices discharge in the form of water, which depletes the specific aroma and causes irritation in the intimate area, under no circumstances should you hesitate.

All this indicates the development of inflammatory or infectious processes. And they can be determined directly by the nature of the discharge. So, for example, if a girl notices a vaginal secretion with streaks of blood, which is complemented by pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by physical activity or sexual intercourse, then most likely she has erosion on the surface of the cervix. Only a doctor can detect pathology during a gynecological examination.

In addition, discharge before menstruation, accompanied by severe abdominal pain, may indicate the presence of an ovarian cyst. It also requires urgent treatment, like cervical erosion, since the risks in both the first and second cases of developing cancer are quite high. With an ovarian cyst, brown discharge may be periodically observed, regardless of the menstrual cycle.

Important! If the secreted brown secretion becomes dark (almost black), then this already indicates the development of uterine or ovarian cancer! If it occurs, you need to urgently run to the doctor and take all the necessary tests.

If clear fluid flows from the vagina for a long time, this may indicate the presence of thyroid pathologies. And if there is a discharge with the smell of a rotten egg or fish, and besides, it acquires a greenish tint, then this is a clear sign of an STD.

Thick white discharge and itching occur with candidiasis. Moreover, when it develops before menstruation, they become abundant, and after the end of menstruation they are almost invisible. With thrush, a cheesy discharge is not always observed. In some women, during its development, a white secretion comes from the vagina, the consistency of water, reminiscent of milk in appearance.

There are many reasons why discharge flows from a woman's vagina. And only a doctor can determine the exact factor that provoked their appearance after a thorough examination of the patient and taking the necessary tests.

The presence of discharge in a woman is normal and is not a sign of disease. However, by their nature, quantity and smell it is completely impossible to determine the appearance of a certain pathology. What does watery discharge like water in women indicate? This symptom should be considered in more detail.

Quite often, the occurrence of watery discharge in a woman is a normal condition. This process can occur in the following cases:

1. Discharge in the form of water begins to appear in girls during puberty. They can be either abundant or barely noticeable. This factor depends on the functioning of the ovaries. In such a situation, the discharge appears odorless, and the girl does not experience any painful sensations.
2. During the period of ovulation, strong discharge in the form of water in women is a normal condition. Due to the active action of hormones, they become abundant. Their duration varies within 5 days.
3. During pregnancy, women often experience liquid discharge like water. This is especially noticeable in the later stages. This is due to sudden jumps in progesterone in the body.
4. At the moment of sexual arousal, a woman experiences clear liquid discharge, which stops after a few hours.
5. Before and after menstruation, fluid may be discharged from the vagina for a couple of days.
6. In women during menopause, this symptom is observed. This is caused by sudden changes in hormonal levels.
7. In postmenopause, liquid discharge is normal only if it is not discharged with blood or other impurities.

Important to remember! If a woman experiences liquid discharge for more than 5 days, she should consult a gynecologist! This may indicate the appearance of an inflammatory process, the cause of which the doctor must identify.

If liquid discharge is accompanied by additional characteristics and unpleasant sensations, this indicates the emergence of a pathological process. The most likely diseases that are accompanied by this symptom are:

1. Vaginitis. A disease that is caused by the appearance of pathogenic microbes or bacteria in the vagina. Usually accompanied by an unpleasant, pungent odor. A woman may experience itching or burning in her intimate area. A large amount of yellow, watery discharge is formed.
2. Inflammatory process in the ovaries. Watery white discharge appears. The disease is accompanied by increased body temperature and general weakness of the body. When examining the patient, the gynecologist reveals enlarged ovaries. Most often, their inflammation occurs as a result of severe hypothermia.
3. Inflammation of the uterine mucosa. Occurs as a result of harmful viruses, bacteria or microbes entering the fallopian tubes through the blood, lymph or vagina. The woman experiences elevated body temperature, regular pain in the abdominal cavity, and watery discharge with blood.
4. Thrush. The most common disease among women. There are many reasons for the development of thrush. It occurs especially often in women with weakened immune systems and as a result of long-term use of antibiotics. The discharge is cheesy in nature.
5. Trichomoniasis and other diseases that are sexually transmitted. A distinctive feature of the discharge from these diseases is the unpleasant smell of rotten fish.

Important to remember! At the first uncharacteristic changes in discharge, you need to contact a gynecologist! After a detailed examination and the results of certain tests, he will establish a diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

Treatment for watery discharge

How to treat this symptom? If a woman notices that watery discharge has been forming for quite a long period, then this is a reason to contact a gynecologist. After all, there is no standard treatment, since the cause of their appearance must be eliminated. After diagnosis, the doctor prescribes treatment individually, depending on the disease.

If the symptom is not a consequence of a sexually transmitted disease that has been treated for a sufficiently long period, then the therapy looks like this:

1. Taking antibiotics. Antibacterial medications help eliminate infections and harmful bacteria that have entered the vagina. The course of treatment is approximately 1 week. The most effective medications are: Tetracycline, penicillin, as well as drugs with a similar effect on the body.
2. Local treatment. For this purpose, various creams, ointments, solutions or suppositories are used. The most commonly used are Metronidazole, Clindamycin, etc.
3. Boosting immunity. The use of vitamins contributes to more effective treatment and also eliminates the possibility of recurrence of the disease.

Important to remember! Treatment should be carried out as prescribed by a specialist! You can only use auxiliary procedures, such as douching or local baths, on your own.

Treatment at home

In order to speed up recovery and eliminate the inflammatory process, in addition to pharmaceutical drugs, you can also use folk remedies. There are many medicinal plants that have a beneficial effect on the female body.

Oak bark

You will need 2 tbsp. l. oak bark, which should be poured with 0.5 liters of boiling water. Place on low heat to simmer for approximately 30 minutes. After the time has passed, leave to infuse for 1 hour. Carry out the douching procedure with the prepared decoction 2 times a day.

Pine

To prepare the decoction you will need 30 g of pine buds, which you need to pour into 3 liters of water. Place on the fire, bring to a boil and cook for about 30 minutes. Then leave for 1 hour. Cool the broth to room temperature. Make local baths with the prepared product for 20 minutes once a day before bed.

Honey

You should take 1 tbsp. l. flower honey, soak a cotton swab in it and insert it into the vagina. It must be removed after 1 hour. Then take a local bath of chamomile or calendula infusion for about 15 minutes. Carry out the procedure once a day.

Important to remember! Before using a certain alternative medicine, you need to consult a specialist! He will evaluate the effectiveness and expediency of such treatment, and most importantly, he will accurately determine whether this effect will harm the woman.

Prevention of pathological discharge

In order to avoid diseases that lead to the appearance of watery discharge, you must adhere to the following rules:

• observe the rules of personal hygiene - wash yourself with warm water every day and change your underwear;
• do not overcool your body;
• refrain from intimacy during menstruation;
• promptly treat infectious diseases;
• use condoms as a method of protection.

You should also not forget about regular visits to the gynecologist for preventive examinations.

Aqueous moisture is formed in the eye at an average rate of 2-3 µl/min. Essentially all of it is secreted by the ciliary processes, which are narrow and long folds protruding from the ciliary body into the space behind the iris, where the lens ligaments and the ciliary muscle are attached to the eyeball.

Due to folded architecture of ciliary processes their total surface area in each eye is approximately 6 cm (a very large area considering the small size of the ciliary body). The surfaces of these processes are covered with epithelial cells with a powerful secretory function, and directly below them there is an area extremely rich in blood vessels.

Aqueous moisture almost completely formed as a result of active secretion of the epithelium of the ciliary processes. Secretion begins with the active transport of Na+ ions into the spaces between epithelial cells. Na+ ions pull SG and bicarbonate ions with them to maintain electrical neutrality.

All these ions together cause osmosis water from blood capillaries, lying below, in the same epithelial intercellular spaces, and the resulting solution flows from the spaces of the ciliary processes into the anterior chamber of the eye. In addition, some nutrients, such as amino acids, ascorbic acid and glucose, are transferred through the epithelium by active transport or facilitated diffusion.

Outflow of aqueous humor from the chambers of the eye

After education aqueous humor It first flows through the ciliary processes (fluid flow) through the pupil into the anterior chamber of the eye. From here, the fluid flows forward to the lens and into the angle between the cornea and iris and, through a network of trabeculae, enters Schlemm's canal, which empties into the extraocular veins. The figure demonstrates the anatomical structures of this iridocorneal angle, where it can be seen that the spaces between the trabeculae extend all the way from the anterior chamber to Schlemm's canal.

The latter represents a thin-walled vein, which runs around the eye along its entire periphery. The endothelial membrane of the canal is so porous that even large protein molecules and small solid particles, up to the size of red blood cells, can pass from the anterior chamber of the eye into Schlemm's canal. Although Schlemm's canal is a true venous blood vessel, it usually has so much aqueous humor flowing into it that it becomes filled with that moisture rather than blood.

Small veins, going from Schlemm's canal to the great veins of the eye, usually contain only aqueous humor, and they are called aqueous veins.