Love lyrics by Alexei Tolstoy. International promotion of postal services

Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy is the greatest writer and poet of the 19th century. Love lyrics occupy a huge place in his work. His collections contain more than 20 poems dedicated to this feeling. Tolstoy puts human experiences and thoughts in the foreground, showing the depth of the soul of a person in love. Let's consider this fact using the example of one famous poem: > written by the author in the 50s of the 19th century.

The poem was written by the author at the age of 33; being a little-known aspiring writer and womanizer, he was in love with the married Sofya Alekseevna Miller, but public criticism could not overshadow the happiness of the lovers. The poet dedicates this poem specifically to her, expressing the secret of his sincere feelings that overwhelm his soul from the first meeting.

The title of the lyrical work characterizes the emotional state of the lyrical hero, who, in the bustle of a social visit, is flattered by the beauty and voice of the young lady.

He believes that he is the one who can appreciate the talent of a girl who is smart and very erudite for her age.

The genius of the poet allows us to present a more complete picture of the actions. The author describes the atmosphere of a noisy ball, which calms down after the appearance of a magnificent girl, whose beauty enchants everyone around her.

Thanks to the richness of the author’s literary language, it is possible to carry out a full linguistic analysis of the work. Alexey Konstantinovich uses various means expressiveness that helps the reader get a very vivid and sensual picture of what is happening. In the poem the poet uses the comparison: >, >.

This fact is very characteristic of the poet and gives the lyrical work a special artistic load. The author also uses inversion. Irregular word order allows the author to place greater emphasis on individual sections and give the text a special rhythm. The ellipsis used by Tolstoy expresses understatement, which symbolizes the poet’s indescribable feelings.

This lyrical work had a huge influence on me. The feelings conveyed by the author are very close to me. I believe that the author masterfully conveyed the depth of love and tenderness between a man and a woman.

A.K. Tolstoy is a poet with a pronounced originality. His ideas about poetry, its place in human life, the purpose, and nature of poetic creativity developed under the influence of idealistic ideas. In one of the letters to his wife, S.A. Tolstoy, the poet, defined the nature of creativity in this way: “...you know what I told you about poems floating in the air, and that it is enough to grab them by one hair in order to attract them from the primitive world to our world... It seems to me that also applies to music, sculpture, painting.

It seems to me that often, having grasped a small hair of this ancient creativity, we clumsily tug, and in our hand we are left with something torn or mutilated or ugly, and then we tug again, piece by piece, and then try to glue them together or what what is missing, we replace it with our own inventions, correct what we ourselves have spoiled with our clumsiness, and hence our uncertainty and our shortcomings, which offend the artistic instinct...

In order not to spoil or destroy what we want to bring into our world, we need either a very keen eye, or completely complete detachment from external influences, great silence around ourselves and concentrated attention, or love, similar to mine, but free from sorrow and anxiety." These views were expressed in poetic form by A.K. Tolstoy in his programmatic poem “It’s in vain, artist, you imagine that you are the creator of your creations...”:

In vain, artist, do you imagine that you are the creator of your creations!

They always hovered over the earth, invisible to the eye.

But only those who know how to see and hear will convey them,

Who, having caught only the line of a drawing, only a consonance, only a word,

The whole with him draws the creature into our world in surprise.

Presenting an overview of the poet’s work in the article “Poetry gr. A.K. Tolstoy", Vl. Soloviev noted the main idea of ​​the poem: “The true source of poetry, like all art, is not in external phenomena and also not in the subjective mind of the artist, but in the original world of eternal ideas or prototypes.”

A.K. Tolstoy called himself “a singer who held a banner in the name of beauty.” In the poem “John of Damascus” he wrote:

We catch a glimpse of eternal beauty:

The forest sounds joyful to us with news about her,

About her the stream thunders like a cold stream,

And they say, swaying, flowers.

“My conviction is,” noted A.K. Tolstoy, “that the purpose of a poet is not to bring people any direct benefit or benefit, but to raise their moral level, instilling a love of beauty, which will find its own use without any propaganda.” Tolstoy expressed this idea already at the end of his days, in 1874, when the results of his life were summed up, but starting from the 1840s, the poet did not accept the pragmatic understanding of art that began to take root in literature. Many Russian writers and thinkers spoke about the primitively understood benefits, including art, - F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev, I.A. Goncharov and others. In 1871, Tolstoy will write a “ballad with trends” “Sometimes Merry May”, in which in a bright satirical form (a dialogue between a naive bride and a pragmatic groom) he presents the “useful” views of the new time:

The highest manifestation of the beauty of life was for A.K. Tolstoy's love. It is love that reveals to a person the essence of the world:

Me, in the darkness and dust

Who has been dragging his chains until now,

Love's wings have risen,

To the homeland of flame and words;

And my dark gaze brightened,

And the invisible world became visible to me.

And the ear hears from now on,

What is elusive to others

And from the highest heights I came down,

Full of its rays,

And to the troubled valley,

I look with new eyes.

And I hear a conversation

Everywhere the silent sound is heard,

Like the stone heart of the mountains,

Beats with love in the dark depths,

With love in the blue firmament,

Slow clouds are swirling,

And under the tree bark,

In spring fresh and fragrant,

With love, living juice into the leaves,

The stream rises melodiously.

And with my prophetic heart I understood

That everything born of the Word

Rays of love are all around,

She longs to return to him again.

And every stream of life,

Love obedient to the law,

Strives with the power of being

Irrepressibly towards God's bosom.

And everywhere there is sound, and everywhere there is light,

And all the worlds have one beginning,

And there is nothing in nature

So that love does not breathe.

(“Me in the darkness and dust”, 1851, 1852)

As in Pushkin’s “Prophet”, which is close in imagery to the poem by A.K. Tolstoy, the work paints a picture of the rebirth of an ordinary person into a prophet, a poet under the influence of the powerful Divine power of love. For Tolstoy, love is a comprehensive, supreme concept, the basis on which life is built. One of the manifestations of the highest love is earthly love, love for a woman. It is natural that even at the beginning of his work A.K. Tolstoy turns to the eternal plot of Don Juan in world literature. His dramatic poem “Don Juan” depicts the main character as a true knight of love, and it is love that reveals “the wonderful system of the laws of existence, the hidden beginning of all phenomena.”

A significant place in the poetic heritage of A.K. Tolstoy is interested in love lyrics, cycles of poems associated with the image of S.A. Miller (Tolstoy). These are works such as “Among the noisy ball”, “The sea sways”, “Don’t trust me, friend”, “When the forest is silent all around”, “Why did you bow your head”, “Sleep, sad friend”, “Not the wind, blowing with heights”, “Passion has passed”, “A tear trembles” and others. The feeling of love is expressed by Tolstoy psychologically concretely, precisely and simply, sometimes even naively, but at the same time refined. Tolstoy varied in the forms of expression of lyrical feelings. Researcher of creativity A.K. Tolstoy I.G. Yampolsky noted that the words sadness, melancholy, grief, despondency are most often used by the poet when defining his own love experiences and the experiences of the poet’s beloved (“And I sadly remembered the previous years,” “And it’s so sad to think about it,” “And I’m so sad.” I’m falling asleep”, etc.). In poems stylized as folk songs, the intonation, as a rule, is different - daring, passionate, in them the spontaneous feeling of freedom, independence, recklessness is inextricably linked with the feeling of love (the poems “Don’t ask, don’t ask”, “If you love, so without reason”, etc.).

Beauty for A.K. Tolstoy is full of not only the world of human feelings, but also the world of nature. A hymn to earthly beauty sounds in the poem “John of Damascus”:

I bless you, forests,

Valleys, fields, mountains, waters!

I bless freedom

And blue skies!

And I bless my staff,

And this poor sum

And the steppe from edge to edge,

And the light of the sun and the darkness of the night,

And a lonely path

Which way, beggar, am I going,

And in the field every blade of grass,

And every star in the sky!

Recreating the beauty of nature and the world, the poet resorts to sound, visual, and tactile impressions. Tactile impressions are important for the poet. He himself admitted: “The fresh smell of mushrooms awakens a whole series of memories in me. ...And then all the other forest aromas appear, for example, the smell of moss, tree bark, the smell of the forest during intense heat, the smell of the forest after rain... and so many others..., not counting the smell of flowers in the forest.” In the ballad “Ilya Muromets” he writes:

The wild will blows again,

There's room for him

And resin and strawberries,

It smells like dark forest.

Often, especially in early works (mainly in the 1840-1850s), pictures of nature in the poetry of A.K. Tolstoy was accompanied by historical and philosophical reflections. Thus, in the famous poem “My Bells,” the poetic picture of nature is replaced by the thoughts of the lyrical hero about the fate of the Slavic peoples:

The bells are ringing louder,

The harp sounds

The guests sat around the tables,

Honey and mash are flowing,

The noise flies to the far south,

To the Turk and to the Hungarian -

And the sound of Slavic ladles,

The Germans don't like it!

The poem becomes modern, coupled with the thoughts of the Russian intelligentsia about the unity of the Slavic peoples. In a later period of creativity, landscape in the poetry of A.K. Tolstoy will be an independent and valuable painting, devoid of decorative brightness, unpretentious, real, modest. The everyday, everyday in Pushkin’s way is poetically transformed by A.K. Tolstoy:

It shines through the glow of the darkening skies,

And a small pattern is drawn in front of me,

The forest is barely dressed in spring leaves,

A slope descends into a swampy meadow.

And wilderness and silence. Only sleepy blackbirds

How reluctantly they finish their singing;

Steam rises from the meadow...

("On the pull")

Landscape sketches are often combined in the works of A.K. Tolstoy with ballad motifs. In the poem “A pine forest stands in a lonely country,” the character of the landscape has ballad features - a night forest immersed in fog, the whisper of a night stream, the unclear light of the moon, etc. The line “I love to remember the old days in that forest” evokes the idea of ​​further ballad unfolding of the plot, which, however, does not happen.

For the poetry of A.K. Tolstoy is characterized by a moment of reticence, understatement. “It is good in poetry not to finish a thought, allowing everyone to complete it in their own way,” the poet noted in a letter of 1854 to S.A. Miller. Such understatement, the inexhaustibility of thoughts and feelings can be noted in the poems “On an uneven and shaking rowing”, “The Earth was in bloom”, etc. In the ballad “Alyosha Popovich” the poet writes:

Who can understand the song?

Who will understand it in words?

But the sounds make my heart melt,

And my head is spinning.

Not only the world of beauty becomes the subject of depiction in the works of A.K. Tolstoy. The world of beauty is contrasted in his poetry with the world of secular prejudices, vices, the world of everyday life, with which Tolstoy, like a warrior, but with a “good sword” enters into battle. It is no coincidence that images with military paraphernalia often appear in the poet’s works:

Two stans is not a fighter, but only a random guest,

For the truth I would be glad to raise my good sword.

The Lord prepared me for battle,

He put love and anger in my chest,

And by my holy right hand,

He showed the true path...

The motives of open opposition to the evil of the surrounding world are heard in the poems “I recognized you as holy convictions”, “The heart, flaring up more strongly from year to year”, etc. These motives sound most powerfully, clearly, and polemically in the poem of 1867 “Against the Current”:

The truth is still the same!

In the midst of stormy darkness,

Believe in the wonderful star of inspiration,

Row together in the name of beauty,

Against the stream!

In a sharp form, the motives of rejection of everything that is contrary to beauty and inner freedom are heard in the humorous and satirical poems of A.K. Tolstoy.

Municipal budgetary non-standard educational institution

"Gymnasium No. 70"

Methodological development of a musical and literary evening

“Love lyrics by A.K. Tolstoy in the romances of Russian composers"

music teacher

Novokuznetsk, 2017

Love lyrics by A.K. Tolstoy in the romances of Russian composers

Target: acquaintance with romances by Russian composers, written to poems by A.K. Tolstoy.

Form: dialogue between presenters (leaders are high school students), performance of romances by students, listening to audio recordings.

The romance “If you love so madly...) performed by Yu. Gulyaev sounds.

Presenters:

If you love, so without reason,
If you threaten, it’s not a joke,
If you scold, so rashly,
If you chop, it’s too bad!

If you argue, it’s too bold,
If you punish, that's the point,
If you forgive, then with all your heart,
If there is a feast, then there is a feast!

This romance by Reinhold Glier based on poems by A.K. Tolstoy paints the image of a Russian man, who is characterized by breadth of soul, courage, and daring.

In this poem, “If you love, so without reason:” subtly, sweepingly and cheerfully lists the strong traits of an integral character. We see a strong, healthy, cheerful man who loves nature, brave hunting, a friendly feast, a well-aimed, sharp word. A Russian person cannot do things halfway, be a rationalist and a pragmatist.
Perhaps these lines contain a poetic self-portrait of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy himself. It was not for nothing that he said to Yesenin: “He is a man of a wide heart:.”

And the lines “If you love, you are crazy” is the love story of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy and Sofia Andreevna Miller. It was their romantic and beautiful meeting that gave us the lines of a wonderful poem:
In the middle of a noisy ball, by chance......

They first met at a masquerade ball at the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. He accompanied the heir to the throne, the future Tsar Alexander II, there. She appeared at the masquerade because, after breaking up with her husband, Horse Guardsman Miller, she was looking for an opportunity to forget herself, to disperse. For some reason, in the secular crowd, he immediately noticed her. The mask hid her face. But the gray eyes looked intently and sadly. Beautiful ashen hair crowned her head. She was slender and graceful, with a very thin waist. They did not speak for long: the bustle of the colorful masquerade ball separated them. But she managed to amaze him with the accuracy and wit of her fleeting judgments. In vain he asked her to open her face, take off her mask... But she took his business card, making a sly promise not to forget him.

Perhaps it was precisely on that January night in 1851, when he was returning home, that the first lines of this poem formed in his mind:

In the middle of a noisy ball, by chance,
In the anxiety of worldly vanity,
I saw you, but it's a mystery
Your veils of features..."

This poem will become one of the best in Russian love lyrics. Nothing was invented in it, everything is as it was...

Only the eyes looked sadly,

Like the sound of a distant pipe,

Like a playing shaft of the sea.

I liked your thin figure

And your whole thoughtful look.

And your laughter, both sad and ringing,

Since then it has been ringing in my heart.

The future was hidden from him. He didn't even know if he would see her again...

In the lonely hours of the night

I love, tired, to lie down -

I see sad eyes

I hear cheerful speech;

And sadly I fall asleep like that,

And I sleep in unknown dreams...

Do I love you - I don't know

But it seems to me that I love it!

And soon after this meeting at a masquerade ball, he received an invitation from her.
- This time you won't escape me! - said Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, entering the living room of Sofia Andreevna Miller. In her, in Sofya Andreevna, Alexey Konstantinovich found not only his only woman, but also an intelligent friend. During the “noisy ball”, Sofya Andreevna was married to an unloved man - cavalry guard Colonel L.F. Miller, before her marriage she experienced a tragedy - she was carried away by Prince P.A. Vyazemsky, because of this hobby one of her brothers was killed in a duel ... Tolstoy was not happy either. He was tormented by his service at the royal court, which was morally difficult for him, and he dreamed of literature, of art - he wanted to devote himself completely to them and did not find the strength to break with the service, the court, the uniform. In 1857, he firmly wrote to Emperor Alexander II: “Sire, service, whatever it may be, is deeply disgusting to my nature... Service and art are incompatible. One harms the other. And a choice must be made.” He writes to the emperor that he can no longer wear a uniform. This letter contains all the pure, direct nature of A.K. Tolstoy, who combined kindness, tenderness and delicacy of soul with truly masculine beauty and enormous physical strength. He was like that in love, waiting 12 years for Sofya Andreevna to get a divorce. His letters to her are the same poems, only in prose.

In 1851, he wrote to her: “There are moments in which my soul, when thinking about you, seems to remember distant, distant times, when we knew each other better and were even closer than now, and then I seem to imagine a promise that we will again become as close as we once were, and in such moments I experience a happiness so great and so different from everything accessible to our imaginations here that it is like a foretaste or premonition of a future life ... "

The second half of the 1850s turned out to be the period of greatest poetic productivity. “I attribute everything to you: fame, happiness, existence; Without you there will be nothing left for me, and I will become disgusting to myself.” During these years, two-thirds of all his lyric poems were born, which were published in great demand in almost all Russian magazines of that time.

Tolstoy dedicated many poetic works to Sofya Andreevna, namely romance poems: “A tear trembles in your jealous gaze” (1858), “Don’t believe me, friend:” (1856), “Autumn, Our whole poor garden is crumbling,” “That it was early spring:" (1871)

The poem “Among the Noisy Ball” will become one of the best in Russian love lyrics, but it will become famous when it turns into a romance to the music of P. I. Tchaikovsky. Three years after the death of A.K. Tolstoy, P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote music for these poems.

Tchaikovsky's Romance "Among the Noisy Ball" performed by D. Hvorostovsky

Presenters: Tolstoy is an inexhaustible source for lyrics to music; this is one of the poets I like,” said P. I. Tchaikovsky.

At the turn of the 70s and 80s, Tchaikovsky wrote 12 romances and 8 of them based on poems by Tchaikovsky’s favorite poet A.K. Tolstoy. Among them are such vocal miniatures, enchanting with their poetic charm and penetrating lyrical feeling, “That Was in Early Spring,” “Among the Noisy Ball,” “Oh, If You Could,” “Don Juan’s Serenade,”

Tolstoy himself called his poem “That Was in Early Spring...” “a small pastoral, translated from" However, this is not a translation. Tolstoy obviously wanted to emphasize that some poem by Goethe gave impetus to the creation of these lines. The poet recalls his first meetings and the images of awakening nature do not allow him to forget it. This is a memory of distant youth, the timidity of first confessions, the happiness of bright hopes. The May morning merges with the “morning of our years,” and life itself turns into a unique and fleeting moment.

Students: Read the poem “That Was in Early Spring”

Presenters: Tchaikovsky carefully and sensitively reproduces the “music of verse”, at the same time introducing some special individual accents into the interpretation of the poetic text. The beauty of nature, a peaceful landscape, a sunrise, a clear day is just a background that enhances and highlights a person’s psychological state, his heartfelt melancholy, thoughts, memories, deep emotional experiences. A whole series of exclamatory sentences that attract attention are pronounced not at all joyfully, but with aching pain.

Tchaikovsky's romance “That Was in Early Spring” performed by A. Netrebko sounds

Presenters: More than half of Tolstoy's poems were set to music by Russian composers; romances based on his words were written by Bulakhov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Cui, Mussorgsky, Taneyev, Rachmaninov.

It is difficult today to meet a person who would not know anything about romance - a musical genre that is so popular these days. A small vocal work that combines lyrical poetry and music, telling us about a person’s feelings, about his love, joy, happiness. A romance can glorify the beauty of nature, raise high moral themes, grieve about the past in a soft, confidential tone, turn over the pages of history, and look into the future. And we hear all this in ancient and modern romances. And, of course, if you declare your love, then in the “high syllable of Russian romance.”

Romances are written based on a wide variety of poems, but the main goal of the composer is always the desire to express, with the greatest possible sensitivity, the poet’s intention and to enhance the emotional tone of the poems with music.

Russian romance: How many secrets of broken destinies, trampled feelings does he keep! But how much charm, poetry, touching love is sung in it! Marvelous! And these lines were undoubtedly created for romance:

Students: Read the poem: “Not the wind, blowing from above...”

Presenters: At the end of the 90s of the 19th century, Nikolai Andreeviya Rimsky-Korsakov, the recognized head of the St. Petersburg school of composers, author of numerous operas and symphonic works, professor at the conservatory, teacher of a galaxy of significant composers, turned to chamber-instrumental works, which he did not turn to for a long time. In “The Chronicle of My Musical Life,” which the composer kept for many years, he writes: “I haven’t composed romances for a long time. Turning to the poems of Alexei Tolstoy, I wrote four romances and felt that I was composing them differently than before... > Feeling that the new method of composing was true vocal music, and being pleased with my first attempts in this direction, I composed one romance after another..." A captivating and complete image was born in the romance “Not the wind, blowing from above”

Rimsky-Korsakov's romance "Not the Wind, Blowing from Height" is performed by a student.

Presenters: Tolstoy considered the poem “My Bells” to be his best poem. Its theme was not the bell flowers that accidentally fell under the hooves of the rider's horse. These were reflections on the fate of the country, its history and future.

However, composer P. Bulakhov, having begun to create the romance, swept away the overly patriotic part, leaving only the poetic image of bell flowers. As a result, the resulting romance became a song about bells that the rider would be glad not to crush, “but the reins cannot hold back the indomitable run.” It is in this form that romance has existed for approximately a century and a half.

This poem by A.K. Tolstoy attracted the attention of not only Pyotr Bulakhov. It is known that at least 12 composers still turned to these lines when creating their romances. However, only his romance gained fame.

Bulakhov's romance “My little bells, steppe flowers” ​​performed by 10th grade students.

Alexey Konstantinovich TOLSTOY
(1817-1875)

Ilya Efimovich Repin
Portrait of the writer Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy.
State Literary Museum, Moscow.

Known for his historical dramas in verse and satirical works, one of the creators of the famous Kozma Prutkov, A.K. Tolstoy was also a soulful lyricist. Songs based on his words “If only I knew, if only I knew”, “My bells, steppe flowers” ​​became popular.

The love lyrics of A.K. Tolstoy are entirely connected with the name of his wife - Sofia Andreevna Bakhmeteva (in her first marriage - Miller). Deep and long-term love appears in these lyrics in a romantically sublime coloring. The beloved is depicted as an object of admiration and worship, as a high ideal.

Therefore, in the poems dedicated to her, there are almost no everyday details, episodes from which one could reconstruct the true history of their relationship, as can be done from the poems of Nekrasov, Tyutchev, Ogarev. There are no psychological conflicts in them either. They represent the high, poetic, but almost unchanged feeling of the poet himself.

At the same time, it is curious that this feeling has already been influenced by the public mood, formed largely by the democratization of the spiritual life of Russian society. That is why the heroine of A. K. Tolstoy’s love lyrics, despite the fact that she was a completely independent woman with a fairly strong character and will, appears in the poems as a person who has endured a lot, in need of sympathy and support.

Even in the best moments, those when we were together, you were worried by some persistent concern, some premonition, some fear.”

* * *

I believe in pure love
And in the shower connection;
And all thoughts, and life, and blood,
And every vein is beaten
I will give it with that joy,
Which image is cute
My holy love
Will fulfill until the grave.

My peace is empty. I'm sitting alone by the fireplace,
I put out the candles a long time ago, but I can’t sleep.
Pale shadows tremble on the wall, on the carpet, in the paintings,
Books lie on the floor, I see letters all around.
Books and letters! How long has it been since a young hand touched you?
How long have gray eyes passed over you jokingly?

The night slowly rolls over me like a heavy fabric,
It's sad to sit alone. My peace is empty!
I think to myself, looking at the withered flower:
“The morning will come, and the sadness of the dark night will pass!”
The night has passed, and the sun is playing merrily on the windows,
The morning has come, but the sadness with the shadow of the night has not passed!

The antique character of the poem explains the poet's accompanying letter: “This is only to remind you of the Greek style for which you have an affection.”

In the middle of a noisy ball, by chance,
In the anxiety of worldly vanity,
I saw you, but it's a mystery
Your features are covered.

I liked your thin figure
And your whole thoughtful look,
And your laughter, both sad and ringing,
Since then it has been ringing in my heart.

In the lonely hours of the night
I love, tired, to lie down -
I see sad eyes
I hear cheerful speech;

And sadly I fall asleep like that,
And I sleep in unknown dreams...
Do I love you - I don't know
But it seems to me that I love it!

One of the most famous poems by A.K. Tolstoy, set to music by P. Tchaikovsky. The poet's meeting with S. A. Miller actually took place at the ball, but the poem is not a document or a memory. This is indicated by the clear echoes in it with Lermontov’s “From Under the Mysterious Cold Half Mask,” with Pushkin’s “I Remember a Wonderful Moment,” and the variants that the poem had.

So, the beginning of the second stanza at first read “only the eyes sparkled mischievously,” this was more accurate both in terms of the situation and the character of Sofia Andreevna. However, A.K. Tolstoy preferred the “high” version of sadness, emphasizing sympathy for the heroine and pity for her suffering.

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