Signs of inflammation during early pregnancy. Inflammation of the uterus and pregnancy Who had inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy: reviews

During pregnancy

• premature birth;
• intrauterine fetal death;
• infection of the fetus.

During childbirth

After childbirth

Features of the treatment of inflammation during pregnancy

From time to time, inflammatory processes occur in certain organs of every person. However, in the life of almost every woman there is a time when she tries not to “catch” any infection, to avoid the slightest inflammation. This is the period of waiting for the child. Unfortunately, the weakened immunity of the expectant mother leaves very little chance of not getting sick during the nine months of bearing the baby. Let's look at the most common inflammations during pregnancy, their consequences and treatment methods.

The appendages are the ovaries and fallopian tubes - organs that are of great importance in the process of childbirth. The main causes of the disease are sexually transmitted infections (mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia) and activation of opportunistic microflora (streptococci, E. coli, ureaplasma).

The main symptoms of inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy may be the following:

• pain in the lower abdomen, usually from the affected ovary, which often radiates to the sacrum, pubis and groin area;
• vaginal discharge that is yellowish or greenish in color with an unpleasant odor;
• deterioration of the general condition of the body, fatigue.

Why is this inflammation dangerous during pregnancy? In the absence of proper treatment, intrauterine infection and even fetal death, spontaneous miscarriage or premature birth, non-developing or frozen pregnancy are possible. In addition, the appearance of inflammation of the appendages in the early stages can lead to the development of fetal defects, and in the later stages - to the birth of a weak baby.

What to do

During pregnancy, treatment of inflammation of the appendages is carried out only in a hospital setting. The doctor selects treatment tactics individually for each patient, depending on the type of pathogen, the general condition of the woman, the characteristics of the course of pregnancy, period, and the presence of chronic diseases. Usually it is necessary to prescribe antibacterial drugs to the patient. In addition, women are recommended to take vitamin complexes and medications that enhance immunity. Additional methods of therapy are bed rest and a special diet. As a rule, the prognosis for treating inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy is favorable.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy

If an infection develops in the body, an inflammatory process often appears in the lymph nodes located nearby. The expectant mother is more susceptible to various infections than others, so inflammation of the lymph nodes is often observed during pregnancy. In the acute form, the disease appears suddenly with complete external well-being. In a woman, the lymph nodes in the area of ​​the pathological process enlarge, causing swelling and redness of the skin. If at this stage it is possible to stop the spread of infection, the inflammation gradually goes away.

In the case of a secondary infection, a purulent process develops (purulent lymphadenitis). Purulent inflammation during pregnancy is very dangerous, as the infection spreads throughout the body and can lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus.

What to do

Inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy requires treatment only when a purulent process develops. In this case, drainage of the lymph node is performed, and then antibiotic therapy is applied. If there is no purulent process, the doctor determines the cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes. Treatment is used only when necessary, sometimes the doctor prefers to postpone it until after childbirth.

Pneumonia during pregnancy

The inflammatory process in the lungs is called pneumonia. This disease is rarely primary; most often it develops as a complication of untreated bronchitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheitis. The causative agents of pneumonia can be bacteria, viruses and fungi.

Symptoms of pneumonia during pregnancy include the following conditions:

• dry cough, which after a few days turns into a wet cough;
• pain in the chest area;
• weakness, fatigue, headache and joint pain, chills, increased body temperature;
• shortness of breath, pallor, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle.

This pathology is dangerous with many serious complications, both for the expectant mother and for her child. Most often, pulmonary inflammation during pregnancy provokes the appearance of such diseases and phenomena:

• obstructive syndrome, acute respiratory failure, exudative pleurisy;
• acute cardiopulmonary failure, myocarditis, endocarditis, infectious-toxic shock;
• fetal development defects;
• miscarriage or premature birth.

What to do

With mild or moderate pneumonia, the expectant mother can be treated at home. Severe course requires treatment of inflammation during pregnancy in a hospital setting.

In most cases, the main method of treating pneumonia is antibacterial drugs. The doctor selects medications that have the most gentle effect on the child’s body and are at the same time quite effective in treatment. If necessary, the woman is prescribed other medications. As a rule, these are mucolytic and expectorant drugs, antihistamines, immunostimulants, detoxification drugs, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Additionally, a pregnant woman is recommended to take vitamin complexes, infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs (only after consultation with a doctor), and oxygen therapy may be performed.

Inflammation during pregnancy is a rather undesirable pathology, which, however, is difficult to avoid while waiting for the baby. It is necessary to understand that only a timely visit to a doctor and following all his recommendations will help to quickly and without complications overcome the disease.

Inflammation of the appendages. How will the pregnancy go?

What are the dangers of inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy and after childbirth? Complications of pregnancy in the presence of inflammatory gynecological diseases.

The frequency of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs ranks first among all gynecological diseases and accounts for about 65% of all visits to antenatal clinics. Early onset of sexual activity, frequent changes of sexual partners, as well as the latent course of most inflammatory diseases lead to the formation of their chronic forms. It should be noted that among all patients with such problems, more than 80% are nulliparous women under the age of 25, so pregnancy often occurs against the background of various inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs include: colpitis - inflammation of the vagina; cervicitis - inflammation of the cervix; salpingoophoritis, or adnexitis, - inflammation of the appendages (ovaries and fallopian tubes); endomyometritis is a chronic inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus.

The leaders among these diseases are chronic salpingoophoritis and endomyometritis. The main cause of their occurrence is sexually transmitted infections: trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, etc. As the name of this group of infections suggests, the pathogen enters a woman’s body mainly through sexual contact with an infected person. I would especially like to note that hypothermia cannot be the cause of inflammation of the appendages - it can become a provoking factor for exacerbation of an existing inflammatory process or for the activation of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (every person normally has them: E. coli, streptococci, ureaplasma, etc.) , which will cause an inflammatory process in the uterus and its appendages.

Long-term inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries leads to the development of dense connective tissue that replaces dead cells. As a result, the already very thin lumen of the tube (only 1-2 mm in diameter) can easily be “overgrown” with connective tissue, and the tube will become impassable for the egg. Under such conditions, the meeting of sperm and egg does not occur, and therefore fertilization is impossible. In addition, in the process of inflammation, the cells lining the inner surface of the fallopian tubes are also affected. They promote the movement of the egg through the tube; in addition, many microorganisms, such as chlamydia and mycoplasma, can penetrate these cells and disrupt their functioning with their vital activity. Therefore, the affected cells of the fallopian tubes cannot “deliver” the egg from the ovary to the uterus. As a result of such changes, infertility occurs and an ectopic pregnancy may occur.

Manifestations of gynecological diseases

Whether a woman had inflammation of the appendages before pregnancy can be judged by the results of tests performed before pregnancy, as well as by the presence of the following complaints: moderate, periodic, dull, nagging, aching pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by cooling, as well as menstrual irregularities, which becomes unstable - with delays, intermenstrual discharge. Pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen, in the groin areas, in the sacral area, and in the vagina. Often its intensity does not correspond to the nature of changes in the genital organs, i.e. inflammatory changes in organs can be minimal or as a result of treatment they can be eliminated, and pain, as a residual phenomenon, persists for a long time. This condition can last a long time, without a clearly defined beginning and end of the disease. Signs of chronic inflammation of the uterine appendages and the uterus itself include pathological discharge from the genital tract - more or less abundant, sometimes with an unpleasant odor.

What are the dangers of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs?

During pregnancy

Inflammatory processes of the ovaries can lead to disruption of their functioning, while ovulation - the release of an egg from the ovary - does not occur at all (in this case, pregnancy is impossible) or occurs late. So, if normally ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, then with chronic salpingoophoritis, as a result of a disruption in the production of ovarian hormones, it occurs later than expected, almost before menstruation. In place of the egg after ovulation, a special gland is formed - the corpus luteum. This gland produces the hormones progesterones, which ensure the onset of pregnancy and are the main supporting factor in the first trimester. In chronic salpingoophoritis, ovulation occurs untimely, and the corpus luteum does not work fully, producing an insufficient amount of progesterone. This factor often causes the threat of termination of pregnancy in the first trimester.

As already mentioned, the main cause of ectopic pregnancy is also the inflammatory process. As a result, connective tissue grows and the lumen of the fallopian tubes narrows. In addition, the work of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium, the cells that cover the inside of the fallopian tubes and promote the advancement of the egg into the uterine cavity, is disrupted.

It must be said that during an ectopic pregnancy, the pregnancy test is often positive, and the woman may experience the same subjective sensations as during intrauterine pregnancy (nausea, dizziness, etc.). Therefore, knowing that you have chronic salpingoophoritis and suspecting pregnancy, you need to consult a doctor as soon as possible to rule out ectopic pregnancy.

The inflammatory process can manifest its negative impact at different stages of pregnancy.

Thus, damage to the inner layers of the uterus leads to a change in the defense system inside the uterus. The inner layer of the uterus, trying to protect itself from aggressive factors (microbes, viruses that cause inflammation), perceives the embryo as a foreign agent, and the embryo is rejected and miscarried. If, nevertheless, the fertilized egg manages to attach, then in most cases this occurs in the lower parts of the uterus, that is, a low attachment or placenta previa is formed. These conditions, in turn, serve as risk factors for bleeding during pregnancy. A chronic inflammatory process can lead to a change in the antigenic structure of infected endometrial cells: the body begins to produce antibodies to its own cells, that is, the cells of its own body are destroyed. This process is the most common cause of the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. One of the symptoms of this complication is the formation of thrombosis. During pregnancy, the occurrence of microthrombosis in the placental area leads to placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction, and the development of gestosis - a pregnancy complication, often manifested by the appearance of protein in the urine, edema, and increased blood pressure.

In conditions of chronic inflammation of the genital organs during pregnancy, a malfunction occurs in the immune system, which serves to recognize and remove foreign substances from the body. Blood cells involved in the immune response have a toxic effect on the development of the embryo and the formation of the placenta.

All of the listed disorders in the body that occur during the inflammatory process of the genitals can lead to the following pathologies:

• anembryonia, i.e. absence of an embryo in the fertilized egg;
• non-developing, or frozen, pregnancy (in this case the death of the embryo occurs);
• spontaneous miscarriages at various stages of pregnancy;
• premature birth;
• intrauterine fetal death;
• infection of the fetus.

Intrauterine infection is possible if the inflammatory process is activated during pregnancy. In the early stages of pregnancy, intrauterine infection can lead to the formation of various fetal malformations, and in later stages - to fetal growth restriction syndrome. Such a baby adapts less well after birth and sometimes requires additional treatment. Therefore, newborns whose mothers suffered from chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitals, especially sexually transmitted diseases, undergo additional testing for these infections.

During childbirth

Inflammatory diseases of various parts of the reproductive system can also have a negative impact on the course of labor. One of the most common complications during childbirth is premature or early rupture of amniotic fluid.

Most microorganisms have a set of special enzymes that can affect the membranes and lead to untimely release of amniotic fluid. If normally the water pours out when the contractions are already in full swing, the cervix is ​​completely or almost completely open, then in the presence of inflammatory lesions the water can pour out before the contractions begin. In this case, the development of weakness of labor is possible; in addition, a long anhydrous period is a predisposing factor for infection of the uterus and membranes. Polyhydramnios, which often accompanies inflammation of the appendages in women, also leads to the development of primary or secondary weakness of labor. In this situation, the uterus is overstretched and cannot contract well during childbirth. Prolonged labor against the background of prematurely discharged amniotic fluid, as well as the need to use birth stimulants when labor weakness develops, ultimately negatively affects the condition of the newborn.

After childbirth

The inflammatory process of the genital organs does not go away without leaving a trace even in the postpartum period. The likelihood of developing postpartum endomyometritis increases, which is manifested by insufficient contraction of the uterus, increased temperature, the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen, increased bleeding, and the appearance of characteristic foul-smelling discharge. This condition requires hospital treatment.

Thus, the chronic inflammatory process, which most often occurs in a latent form, leads to pronounced changes in the immune system, the hemostasis system (blood coagulation system) and to serious complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.

While carrying a baby, all women who suffered from inflammatory diseases of the genital organs before pregnancy are examined to exclude infections, including sexually transmitted ones. If certain pathogens are identified, appropriate treatment is carried out.

All women suffering from chronic inflammatory gynecological diseases are given treatment aimed at preventing oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) of the fetus and are prescribed drugs that improve blood circulation in the placenta.

Every woman should approach pregnancy planning with special responsibility. Examination before pregnancy and elimination of foci of inflammation will help to avoid complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.

Inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy

The female appendages refer to the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Their inflammation is one of the most common gynecological diseases. This disease is especially dangerous during pregnancy. The chronic process often worsens, although acute inflammation of the ovaries also occurs. This is why it is so important to undergo a medical examination before planning a pregnancy. Moreover, doctors strongly recommend doing this, since any inflammatory process during gestation can lead to undesirable consequences.

Does inflammation of the appendages occur in early pregnancy?

Many women in the first trimester of pregnancy complain of pain in the lower abdomen and vaginal discharge. Upon examination, they are found to have an inflammatory process of the uterine appendages. There are cases when there were no prerequisites for the occurrence of the disease, since women monitored their health during this period. What can cause the disease?

The most common reason that provokes the inflammatory process is a decrease in the immunity of the expectant mother, as well as the onset of pregnancy already in the presence of the disease.

It is known that in the early stages of gestation, hormonal changes occur in the body. Since the ovaries are under a special load, pain may occur for this reason. In addition, the sensation of pain in the lower abdomen is also possible due to an enlarged uterus and sprained ligaments. If pain in the lower abdomen occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, this does not mean that the uterine appendages are inflamed. If such symptoms are detected, you need to consult a gynecologist. Chlamdia, candida, ureaplasma, and mycoplasma are also common causes of this disease.

Inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy: symptoms and signs

This disease is characterized by the following symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes radiating to the lumbosacral spine. Basically, the pain is paroxysmal, but in some cases it is constant. Leucorrhoea of ​​a milky or yellow-green hue is discharged from the vagina. The occurrence of painful attacks is facilitated by physical and mental stress, hypothermia of the body, and a decrease in its protective functions.

The acute form of the disease during pregnancy can occur with the following symptoms: high body temperature, chills, general weakness, pain in the lower abdomen and purulent discharge.

Is inflammation of the appendages dangerous during pregnancy: consequences

The inflammatory process of the uterine appendages in an interesting position can lead to an ectopic pregnancy. It occurs due to partial patency of the fallopian tube, as a result of which the egg cannot penetrate the uterus. The same cannot be said about sperm. Due to their size, it is not difficult for them to penetrate the egg and fertilize it. With this combination of circumstances, the fertilized egg is attached to the fallopian tube, where the fetus begins to actively develop. Naturally, this process leads to rupture of the fallopian tube.

It is very important for a woman to visit a gynecologist as early as possible after conception. If such a pathology occurs, it is possible to save the tube by removing the fertilized egg. This will make it possible, after appropriate treatment, to become pregnant again after some time.

If an inflammatory process occurs in the uterine appendages due to infection, infection of the fetus is also possible. There are cases when the child did not become infected during intrauterine development, but he can catch the infection during childbirth. In this case, gynecologists recommend giving birth by caesarean section.

When the inner layers of the uterus are damaged, the embryo is rejected by the uterus, in other words, a miscarriage. This is explained by the fact that the uterus perceives the embryo as a foreign body and gets rid of it.

Chronic inflammation of the uterine appendages during pregnancy can lead to the body producing antibodies to its own cells. This process promotes the formation of thrombosis. And this, in turn, leads to placental abruption or intrauterine growth retardation.

Gynecological diseases during pregnancy lead to disruption of the immune system, which performs the function of recognizing and blocking the development of foreign substances. In this case, the blood cells have a toxic effect on the formation of the placenta and the growth of the embryo.

To summarize the above, I would like to note that inflammation of the uterine appendages in an interesting position of a woman can lead to the following consequences:

1. Fetal death.
2. The absence of an embryo in the fertilized egg.
3. Spontaneous miscarriages at different stages of gestation.
4. Non-developing pregnancy (fetal fading).
5. Infection of the unborn child.
6. Premature birth.

Every expectant mother should be aware of the seriousness of this disease, understand the dangers of inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy, and remember that timely contact with a specialist eliminates the possibility of the above-mentioned consequences.

Inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy: treatment

If an inflammatory process is detected in a pregnant woman, hospitalization is inevitable, as constant medical supervision is required. Treatment is prescribed only by a specialist, having previously studied the results of all tests and other studies. Basically, drug therapy consists of the use of antiviral drugs. During pregnancy, some antibiotics can be used.

Inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy: antibiotics

Everyone knows about the harmful effects of antibiotics on the body. The fact is that their function is aimed at destroying harmful bacteria. But antibiotics do not distinguish between harmful and beneficial bacteria, and they destroy both.

Naturally, this has a negative impact on the intrauterine development of the fetus. Medicines pass through the placenta into the fetus and accumulate in its tissues. As for more or less safe drugs during pregnancy, these include: Erythromycin, Josamycin and Spiramycin. In case of severe forms of the disease, the doctor may prescribe Azithromycin. It is prohibited to use fluoroquinolone drugs during pregnancy.

How to treat inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy with folk remedies

There are many traditional methods of treatment. Many people got rid of the disease with the help of infusions of alcohol and steam baths using herbs. But for pregnant women, these methods are not suitable, as they can have a negative impact on the development of the fetus or lead to spontaneous miscarriage. Expectant mothers are recommended to use herbal infusions and decoctions.

There is a popular belief that the herb St. John's wort helps against 99 diseases. Inflammation of the uterine appendages is no exception. Brew St. John's wort as tea and consume three times daily before meals. This method can also be treated with the following plants: sweet clover herb, blueberry leaves, thyme, coltsfoot, oak bark, chamomile flowers, marshmallow root, yarrow. You can mix herbs and take decoctions according to the above scheme. A good remedy for the disease is a decoction of the hair of blind corn cobs.

You need to be very careful when using herbs, as some plants can cause miscarriage. Before using them, be sure to familiarize yourself with their effect on the body. Decoctions of the above herbs can be douched. But before using this method, you need to consult a doctor. Douching with a decoction of chamomile or calendula eliminates the inflammatory process especially well.

It is also recommended to eat pumpkin in large quantities. You can eat the pulp of the vegetable, or you can drink freshly squeezed juice. This will help get rid of the disease and enrich the body with beneficial vitamins, which pumpkin is rich in.

The use of traditional methods for inflammation of the uterine appendages in pregnant women is the only way not to resort to medications. But this method is lengthy and initially requires medical consultation.

Who had inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy: reviews

Some women share their experiences of how they managed to bear and successfully give birth to a child with chronic inflammation of the appendages. It should be noted that bearing a fetus in this case requires constant monitoring by a gynecologist. Some expectant mothers used Viferon and Viburkol suppositories in the second half of pregnancy. They tied the lower back with a warm scarf or a wool belt. This significantly reduced pain.

Having studied the information on forums where this topic is discussed, many women write that inflammation of the appendages cannot occur in pregnant women. In the chronic form of the disease, pain may occur due to stretching of the adhesions that remain after inflammation. But in any case, you need to consult a doctor and have a full examination.

Cystitis and pregnancy

Among inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, cystitis occupies a special place. Very often the disease affects pregnant women, whose immunity is under severe stress due to their position. Treatment of cystitis during pregnancy is the key to the health of the woman and the unborn child.

Why is cystitis dangerous during pregnancy?

Pyelonephritis is the most dangerous and common complication of advanced cystitis. This condition requires mandatory hospitalization and hospital treatment. Expectant mothers are especially concerned about the question of whether cystitis can be dangerous for the child.

Consequences for the child

Despite the fact that the fetus is reliably protected from external infections by the amniotic sac, in advanced forms of cystitis the following consequences arise for the child:

1. Premature birth or miscarriage.
2. Water leakage.
3. Intrauterine infections.

Consequences for a woman

It is important to understand that if left untreated, cystitis becomes chronic, which is difficult to get rid of. Also among the possible consequences are:

• kidney inflammation;
• bladder damage;
• paracystitis;
• inflammation of the mucous membrane;
• urinary incontinence;
• empyema of the bladder;
• ulcerative cystitis.

Chronic or acute cystitis in the early stages of pregnancy, if left untreated, causes serious pathologies in a woman, and in the later stages it provokes premature birth.

Symptoms of the disease

Among the most common and noticeable symptoms of cystitis during pregnancy are the following:

1. Change in urine color to cloudy or pinkish.
2. The presence of mucus or drops of blood in the urine.
3. Pain during urination. Especially severe pain occurs in women at the end of urination.
4. Constant desire to empty the bladder. Sometimes such urges turn out to be false or are accompanied by the release of only a couple of drops of urine.
5. Pain in the bladder area that gets worse if you put pressure on the area.

Sometimes the symptoms of cystitis during pregnancy are confused with physiological changes associated with the pressure of the uterus on the bladder. It is important to monitor your feelings and promptly visit a gynecologist who can make the correct diagnosis.

Therapy for cystitis in pregnant women consists of a complex of drugs, each of which is selected exclusively by the attending physician. In this case, the doctor takes into account how much the benefits of therapy outweigh the possible risks to the fetus. Throughout therapy, the woman should be observed by a gynecologist and undergo regular tests. Only in this case can cystitis be completely cured.

Treatment of cystitis in the early stages

It is important to understand that the sooner treatment is started, the better the final result will be. In pregnant women, treatment of cystitis includes the following:

• taking medications;
• compliance with the drinking regime;
• prescribing a special diet;
• application of folk recipes and techniques.

In the first week

Cystitis in the early stages, especially in the first week, is often confused with symptoms of pregnancy, and therefore many women ignore the manifestation of the disease until it becomes chronic or complications arise. The fact is that when pregnancy occurs, the enlarged uterus begins to put pressure on the bladder, causing a feeling of fullness and a desire to urinate. However, with inflammation, pain and burning are added to this symptom.

If cystitis was noticed in the first week of pregnancy, then specialists try to select “soft” therapy. The main methods include:

1. Prescribing medications. In general, preference is given to natural-based uroseptics.
2. Compliance with drinking regime.
3. Maintain personal hygiene.

If a pregnancy, the 1st trimester of which is complicated by inflammation of the bladder, can be terminated, the woman is admitted to the hospital.

In the first trimester

As in any other case, treatment of the disease begins with diagnostics, which makes it possible to identify the causative agent of inflammation. After this, the doctor selects a treatment regimen. It is important to understand that in the early stages it is necessary to be extremely careful when choosing medications, since there is a high risk of miscarriage. In general, the set of activities is practically no different from those assigned in the first week. Cystitis in the first trimester should not be ignored.

Remember: self-medication of cystitis during pregnancy is unacceptable, especially with the use of pharmaceutical drugs. Such measures pose a direct threat to the life of the unborn child.

Treatment of the disease in later stages

In the third trimester, as in the first weeks, it is important to select medications with caution. Some of them may contain substances that can provoke uterine contractions. The treatment regimen in later stages is as follows:

• taking antibacterial drugs;
• compliance with the drinking regime;
• use of plant-based uroseptics;
• prescribing painkillers and antispasmodics if necessary.

In some cases, a woman is offered to go to hospital in order to reduce the risk of complications to a minimum.

How to treat

To get rid of the disease, the following must be applied:

Important: the selection of medications during pregnancy is carried out exclusively by a doctor based on the examination. If a specialist offers a woman hospitalization, under no circumstances should she refuse this opportunity.

Drug treatment

Drug treatment during pregnancy involves combining several groups of drugs. This measure allows not only to destroy pathogenic microflora, but also to reduce the risk of relapse to a minimum. Before starting therapy, be sure to visit a doctor who will tell you what you can take and why you should abstain.

Antibiotics

To suppress pathogenic microflora during cystitis and speed up recovery, antibiotics are needed during pregnancy. In addition, they are indispensable if a woman has an exacerbation of cystitis. Usually, during pregnancy, preference is given to drugs with a minimum of side effects. These include:

Antibiotics can be in the form of suspensions, powders, and tablets for cystitis during pregnancy can also be prescribed.

Remember: the dosage of the drug and the duration of the course of treatment are determined by a specialist. It is important to follow your doctor’s recommendations and complete the prescribed course, even if the feeling of cystitis has passed, since if antibiotics are taken incorrectly, microorganisms develop drug resistance.

Herbal remedies

The most preferred type of medication during pregnancy. Such drugs have minimal side effects and can be used throughout pregnancy. They combine well with antibiotics and can enhance their effectiveness. Among the herbal remedies we can highlight:

Herbal medicines have the following properties:

1. Diuretic.
2. Anti-inflammatory.
3. Bactericidal.
4. Immunostimulating.

Due to the natural composition, a long course of taking the drug is required to achieve a full therapeutic effect. In acute cases, take herbal medicines for at least 2-3 weeks. The dosage is determined by a doctor who knows how to treat cystitis in a pregnant woman.

Suppositories for pregnant women can be prescribed during pregnancy, both in the early stages and in the last trimester. Such drugs are safer than antibiotics in tablet form, since they do not affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, they are absorbed into the blood faster and begin to act. The following medications may be used throughout pregnancy:

• Polygynax is a good medicine during pregnancy. Can be used at any stage of pregnancy. Eliminates pain and inflammation in the bladder, promotes faster recovery.
• Hexicon - has antiseptic properties. Very often prescribed in the early stages of pregnancy.
• Betadine - suppositories for cystitis with a wide spectrum of action. Effective against inflammation.

ethnoscience

Basically, traditional medicine for pregnant women suggests using decoctions of medicinal herbs as therapeutic agents. Common recipes include:

1. Rose hip decoction. To do this, you need to pour 3 tablespoons of rose hips with a glass of boiling water and cook in a steam bath for about 10–15 minutes. After this, the broth is allowed to brew for 20 minutes, filtered and taken ½ cup 3-4 times a day.
2. Tea made from black currant leaves. You can drink it for cystitis at any time. The drink will require 9 tablespoons of currant leaves and 1.5 liters of boiling water. The tea is infused for 30–40 minutes, after which it is drunk throughout the day.
3. Cranberry juice. A glass of fresh cranberries will require 1.5 liters of boiling water. The berries are pre-crushed, then poured with water and infused for 30 minutes. For taste, you can add a spoonful of honey to the fruit drink. The drink is consumed throughout the day.
4. Chamomile baths. First, a decoction or infusion is prepared based on chamomile, to which 1.5 liters of warm water is added. In general, 1.5 liters of broth requires the same amount of water. The liquid is poured into the bath and sat in it for 15–20 minutes. The water temperature should not be too hot, as this may cause uterine contractions. Baths are not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Important: the use of alternative medicine methods during pregnancy is permissible only after prior consultation with your doctor.

Acute cystitis during pregnancy

The acute form of the disease usually occurs suddenly and is characterized by severe symptoms. Factors such as:

• decreased immunity and hormonal imbalances that occur during pregnancy;
• tendency to allergic reactions;
• compression of veins and vessels in the bladder area. In pregnant women, this reason is the most common, since the enlarged uterus puts pressure on the urinary tract.
• bubble, interfering with full blood flow;
• overwork, typical for pregnant women;
• hypothermia;
• mechanical impact is another reason typical for pregnant women, associated with pressure on the bladder.

The following symptoms in pregnant women allow you to determine that you are faced with this form of the disease:

1. Constant desire to go to the toilet.
2. Pain in the lower part, which intensifies when pressed.
3. Traces of blood in the urine.
4. Increase in body temperature to 38 degrees.
5. The presence of watery discharge with an unpleasant odor.

Chronic form of cystitis during pregnancy

The main cause of the development of chronic cystitis in pregnant women is acute cystitis, which has not been completely cured. In this case, a woman is concerned about the following signs of cystitis during pregnancy:

• frequent urge to go to the toilet;
• pain during urination;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• false urge to go to the toilet.

Chronic cystitis manifests itself during the off-season, when a woman’s immunity is reduced. However, during pregnancy, relapses of the disease occur much more often.

The main danger of chronic cystitis is the increased risk of inflammation spreading to the kidneys. In this case, pyelonephritis develops, which, in the absence of help, leads to disability and even death. In addition, serious complications can arise during childbirth, including infection of the child during passage through the birth canal.

The inflammatory process affecting the genitourinary system during pregnancy poses a direct threat not only to the mother, but also to the unborn child. Treatment of the disease during this period is carried out under the supervision of a specialist. It is important to know exactly how to properly treat cystitis during pregnancy!

Cervicitis during pregnancy

Cervicitis: brief information

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How does cervical inflammation affect pregnancy?

Every woman wants her pregnancy to be easy and serene. To do this, you must first cure all existing pathologies of the reproductive system. If acute or chronic inflammation of the cervix is ​​diagnosed during pregnancy, the risk of miscarriage increases many times over.

About the disease

The term “cervicitis” comes from the Latin “cervicis” - neck. This diagnosis is made if a woman develops an inflammatory process in the vaginal part of the cervix. According to medical classification, the disease is divided into:

Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervical canal.

Inflammation of the vaginal segment of the cervix.

The cervical canal performs a barrier function, preventing pathogenic bacteria from entering the uterus and ovaries. With a decrease in local immunity, the protective function of the cervix is ​​disrupted, microflora penetrates into it, provoking an inflammatory process.

Since bearing a child is an additional burden on the female body, endocervicitis during pregnancy is diagnosed quite often.

The pathology is rarely diagnosed as an isolated inflammatory process; much more often it is combined with other diseases ( vulvovaginitis, bartholinitis, cervical erosion).

The symptoms of the disease depend on the pathogen that caused it and on the state of the woman’s immunity. General symptoms of cervicitis:

• Copious mucous or purulent vaginal discharge;
• Lower abdominal pain;
• When examined in the mirrors, hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane, pinpoint hemorrhages and ulcers on it are recorded.

Sometimes there are no symptoms, and cervicitis is first detected during pregnancy when the woman is registered at the antenatal clinic.

Causes of cervicitis in pregnant women

Infection of the mucous membrane and cervical canal of the cervix occurs through blood and lymph, by contact from the rectum or during sexual intercourse.

Opportunistic microflora that causes inflammation:

• Staphylococcus;
• Streptococcus;
• Escherichia coli;
• Mushrooms;
• Gonococcus;
• Chlamydia;
• Mycoplasma;
• Trichomonas;
• Viruses.

Normally, the acidic environment of vaginal secretion effectively resists viruses and bacteria that have penetrated into it. Some infectious agents are constantly present in the vagina of any woman.

During pregnancy, due to hormonal changes, the pH of vaginal secretions changes, so it cannot serve as reliable protection. Colonies of opportunistic flora begin to actively increase, causing an inflammatory process.

Additional risk factors that provoke endocervicitis during pregnancy:

• Cervical injuries that occurred during previous births and abortions;
• Use and removal of an intrauterine device before conception;
• Benign formations on the cervix.

The general condition of the body of a woman expecting a child contributes to a decrease in immune defense, as she experiences a double load. If a pregnant woman is overtired, does not maintain intimate hygiene, or has a history of somatic pathologies, general and local immunity decreases.

What are the risks of developing cervicitis?

When a gynecologist at a antenatal clinic diagnoses chronic cervicitis and an ongoing pregnancy during registration, he is obliged to warn the woman expecting a child about the possible consequences of the inflammatory process.

What is the danger of cervicitis - risk factors:

There is a high probability of intrauterine infection of the fetus, the development of purulent-septic lesions on the skin and internal organs.

Spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the early stages.

Risk of fetal death and death due to placental insufficiency, developmental defects.

High probability of premature birth.

Difficult course of the postpartum period due to the risk of infection of the endometrium of the uterus, the appearance of scars on the cervix, erosions, and non-healing defects of the mucous membrane.

The high risk of serious complications suggests that it is undesirable to combine endocervicitis and pregnancy.

Is it possible to get pregnant with acute or chronic inflammation of the cervix?

In most cases with cervicitis, the patency of the cervical canal is not impaired, there are no obstacles to the movement of sperm, so theoretically the possibility of conception remains.

A woman planning a pregnancy should think about whether the fetus should begin its development in close proximity to an active inflammatory process, from the source of infection.

If inflammation of the cervix lasts for a long time, then the answer to the question of whether it is possible to get pregnant with chronic cervicitis will in most cases be negative.

The fact is that in the process of long-term inflammation in the cervical canal, scars and adhesions inevitably form, its walls lose their elasticity, become dense and thick. Most likely, a woman with a history of chronic endocervicitis will lose the opportunity to conceive a child naturally.

To prepare for pregnancy, you must first carry out the most accurate diagnosis of cervicitis, identify the causative agent, and get rid of the inflammation.

In the presence of a chronic process, it may be necessary to restore the patency of the cervical canal surgically after sanitation of the cervix. If this manipulation is ineffective, married couples will be able to conceive a child using IVF (in vitro fertilization).

Features of treatment of cervicitis during pregnancy

Before prescribing treatment for the inflammatory process, the doctor clarifies the diagnosis by ordering laboratory tests:

• Bacterial seeding of discharge from the cervical canal, urogenital tract, vagina to determine the source of infection and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
• Analysis of a vaginal smear for flora;
• Study of the pH level of vaginal secretions.

Therapy for cervical inflammation while expecting a child has its own characteristics. It is important to select medications so that they do not have a teratogenic effect on the fetus, that is, do not cause developmental pathologies. The gynecologist will select drugs with a mild and safe effect, taking into account the duration of pregnancy and the characteristics of the course of the disease.

Main groups of drugs:

• Antibacterial agents (Sumamed), for the treatment of chlamydia, drugs from a number of tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolines;
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Indomethacin);
• General and local antiseptics (Chlorophyllipt);
• Immunomodulators (Genferon);
• Antifungal drugs used for thrush (orally Flucostat, Diflucan, suppositories and vaginal tablets Clotrimazole, Iconazole);
• Vaginal suppositories or tablets (Betadine, Terzhinan);
• Probiotics and prebiotics to restore the optimal number of lactobacilli in the vagina.

If cervicitis was caused by sexually transmitted infections, therapy is carried out in both partners. 9-10 weeks after birth you need to visit a doctor for a follow-up diagnostic examination.

Cervicitis during pregnancy can cause its unfavorable course. To prevent cervical inflammation from affecting the course of the gestational period, it must be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.

Cervicitis during pregnancy

Based on statistical data, Cervicitis during pregnancy (inflammation of the vaginal cervix) is not so rare, because the disease occurs in women of childbearing age who lead an active sex life. As a rule, such a disease is registered in acute or chronic form. If the acute form most often occurs as a result of infectious contamination with pathogenic microorganisms, then the chronic form is the result of inadequate or incomplete therapy.

Cervicitis during pregnancy

Cervicitis: brief information

The causes of the disease are infections - herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, E. coli, streptococcus. But severe injuries and pathologies of the genital organs, difficult childbirth, and the introduction of an intrauterine device can become a factor pushing towards the onset of pathological inflammation.

A gynecological disease is diagnosed during examination of the vagina with speculum. Diagnosis becomes very complicated in the case of a non-infectious cause of the disease. Upon visual examination, looseness, hyperemia, swelling, and ulceration of the cervix are observed. In case of doubtful diagnosis, diagnostic calposcopy is performed. To find out the root cause of the disease, a series of laboratory tests will be required, which will be prescribed by a gynecologist.

The symptomatic picture is mild and sometimes asymptomatic. Weak, scanty bloody clots, which may contain streaks or an admixture of purulent contents, may attract attention. Vaginal discharge, regardless of the order of the day of the intermenstrual period, has an opaque, cloudy appearance.

Treatment of cervicitis begins immediately after identifying the root cause. But they draw up a treatment plan with special care and attention if the disease is detected in a pregnant woman. So what are the features of the course and treatment of Cervicitis during the fruiting period? Let's look at the most frequently asked questions.

In order for pregnancy to occur, sperm must pass through the cervical canal in the cervix. But if this organ is inflamed, the mucous membrane is swollen, and the cavity of the cervical canal contains pus, then the likelihood of a successful conception is greatly reduced. But after undergoing a full and adequately selected treatment, when the inflammation processes have subsided, pregnancy can occur!

How does cervicitis affect pregnancy?

Cervicitis, during a critical period of pregnancy, poses a serious threat not only to the woman, but also to the fetus. Anatomically, the cervix is ​​located in close proximity to the amniotic sac and uterus - the temporary “home” of the child. The infection, migrating upward, is able to penetrate the uterine cavity.

If the diagnosis is made in the early stages of pregnancy, then the risk of placental insufficiency (underdevelopment of the placenta) increases significantly, which leads to a lack of supply of not only oxygen, but also the nutrients so necessary for a fast-growing embryo. If the inflammatory process is not stopped quickly, then its development leads to the threat of miscarriage, miscarriage or fading (cessation of development) of the pregnancy itself.

If a woman becomes ill with cervicitis at a later stage of fruiting, then the risk of developing generalized or local infection increases. Most often, significant intrauterine growth retardation and weight loss in the fetus are noted.

Cervicitis greatly complicates the course of the postpartum period, because wound healing is delayed, leaving the gate open for infection. The process of epithelialization (healing) of tissues does not occur with the required degree of activity. Rough scars, non-healing/poorly healing cracks form on the cervix, and the risk of developing erosions of the mucous membrane increases.

All women who are affected by this disease need to get rid of Cervicitis. A child, passing through the birth canal during childbirth, receives all the microflora of his biological mother. And this flora remains with him until the end of his life.

All traditional methods of treating gynecological pathology can be divided into 2 huge groups:

• products for topical use;
• products for general use.

Local treatment of cervicitis during pregnancy

Important! Drug treatment is prescribed not only to the woman, but also to her sexual partner. This breaks the vicious circle, allowing re-infection with an infection of any origin.

Products for topical use are suppositories, ointments, tampons. They are used only after the symptoms of acute inflammation have subsided. Among women there are many who were cured of Cervicitis by Chlorophyllipt and “3% Demixide”. These preparations are suitable for irrigating the vagina using a syringe - a bulb with a long tip.

But self-medication with suppositories should be excluded, because they are prescribed by an experienced gynecologist. This is done after carefully collecting the patient’s life history and identifying concomitant chronic somatic diseases. Many medications have contraindications that can lead to irreparable consequences, including spontaneous abortion or premature birth.

Means for general use for cervicitis

Not only antibiotics, but also antiviral and antifungal drugs are prescribed for general use. They are prescribed after a qualitative analysis to identify the root cause of the disease.

If an infection is to blame, then it is useful to conduct a culture test to determine the sensitivity of the flora to antibiotics. But if the tests confirm the presence of chlamydia, then quinolines, macrodides, azalides and antibiotics of their tetracycline group will be required. If fungal colonies are detected, it is advisable to use Diflucan in tandem with topical antifungal drugs.

Preclinical studies and clinical use have proven the safety of Sumamed tablets for the fetus. They do not act as a teratogenic (fetal disfiguring) factor, therefore they can be actively used during such a crucial period of development.

Important! After treatment, especially if the disease was discovered late in pregnancy, it is necessary to take an analysis of mucus from the cervical canal at the 9th week after birth. Thus, you will be able to prevent the development of pathology in the postpartum period and its transition to a chronic, intractable form.

Traditional treatment of the disease - is it worth the candle?

Sometimes on thematic forums and websites you can find positive reviews about many effective methods of treating Cervicitis, especially useful during the fertile period.

Many of those women who have had cervical inflammation confirm the benefits of anti-inflammatory herbs as an effective means to combat the disease. The methods of our grandmothers do not always work, because the modern world is oversaturated with new types of infections that were absent even 50 years ago. You should not waste precious time that could be used for effective therapeutic measures.

We, practicing gynecologists, strongly recommend that you avoid any methods of traditional therapy. The pregnancy period is an important time, and not a field for experimentation, so at the first “bells” of illness, hurry up and make an appointment at the gynecological center. Take care of your health!

Is it possible to get pregnant with cervicitis?

In our article today we will discuss one of the most common gynecological diagnoses - cervicitis. Very often, young patients hear such a diagnosis from their gynecologist, unfortunately, not always clearly understanding the essence and consequences of this diagnosis. Most often, young women of reproductive age are concerned with the question: “Is it possible to get pregnant with cervicitis?”

Definition

In cervical pathology, it is very important to understand the basic concepts, since it is not that patients, even doctors of related specialties, sometimes get confused with the terminology.

So, cervicitis is an inflammatory process in the tissues of the cervix of any etiology. We will talk about possible causes of inflammation below.

1. Cervical erosion is probably the most “popular diagnosis” that every second patient hears at an appointment with a gynecologist. In fact, you will be surprised, but such a diagnosis does not exist. Many decades ago, any redness on the cervix began to be called “erosion.” In some cases, this redness was the same inflammation or cervicitis, but most often it is the so-called ectopia of the prismatic epithelium - a completely physiological condition in young women, approximately up to 30 years of age. By erosion, in the true sense, we mean a defect, a wound or, more simply, an “abrasion” on the mucous membrane of the cervix - for example, an injury after rough sexual intercourse or manipulation.
2. Ectopia is a physiological condition in which the columnar epithelium, which is normally located in the cervical canal, remains on its outer surface facing the vagina. The fact is that the epithelium of the cervical canal and the epithelium of the surface of the cervix are two fundamentally different epithelium in structure and cellular composition. Columnar epithelium has one thin layer of cells, while the superficial epithelium has many layers of flat cells. In this regard, against the background of multilayered squamous epithelium, ectopia or “eversion” of the cylindrical epithelium really looks like a bright red spot, but this is not an injury or defect, this is just how this type of epithelium looks. During the formation of the genital organs and their development, every patient has ectopia; for some, before the onset of sexual activity and the first examination, the prismatic epithelium in the speculum manages to “hide” in the canal; for others, ectopia remains for a long time. The earlier a girl began to be sexually active, the more likely she is to encounter this condition. We emphasize once again that ectopia is not a disease or “erosion”, it is a completely physiological condition, provided that the cervix and its tissues are healthy, which is confirmed by cytology smears and colposcopy. For a better understanding of the situation by patients, doctors sometimes use the term “pseudo-erosion” or “false erosion”.

Taking a cytological smear, in this case from the cervical canal. The photo clearly shows the boundary between two types of epithelium - soft pink stratified and bright pink prismatic.

The cervix is ​​completely covered with soft pink homogeneous multilayered epithelium, the columnar epithelium is completely “hidden” deep into the canal. Gynecologists call such a neck “clean.”

And this is what cervicitis looks like - inflammation in the tissues of the cervix. We see inflamed, bright red tissue and pathological, pus-like discharge.

Let's summarize our point with definitions:

• “Cervical ectopia” does NOT equal disease or pathology. If the epithelium is healthy, then it does not need any aggressive measures.
• The term “Cervical Ectopia” is EQUAL to the term “Cervical Erosion” EQUAL to the simplified term “Cervical Pseudo-Erosion”.
• The term “Cervicitis” is NOT EQUAL to the term “cervical ectopia”. Inflammation can occur both in the cervix with pseudo-erosion and in a visually “clean” one.
• “Cervical ectopia”, provided its health is assessed by smears and colposcopy, is not a contraindication to pregnancy and does not in any way affect conception, the course of pregnancy and childbirth!
• Cervicitis has a direct impact on the onset and course of pregnancy.

Let's return to the causes of inflammation or cervicitis. Many factors can cause the inflammatory process:

1. Viruses - most often, viruses of the papillomavirus family are involved in inflammation and changes in the tissues of the cervix, namely human papillomaviruses of high carcinogenic risk or HPV HCR. It is this group of viruses that not only causes one or another type of cervicitis, but also causes precancerous changes in the cervix or dysplasia in patients prone to this, ultimately leading to cervical cancer. Slightly less often, viral cervicitis is caused by viruses of the herpes and cytomegalovirus families; these viruses do not directly lead to cervical cancer, but their combination with HPV significantly potentiates the effect of the latter, making its “dirty business” easier.
   Rice. - Colposcopy of the cervix with the presence of viral lesions and dysplasia
2. Bacteria - in principle, absolutely any bacteria can cause inflammation, but most often the cervix is ​​affected by STIs or sexually transmitted infections - gonococci, chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma.
3. Protozoa - most often we are talking about Trichomonas. They often affect the cervix, causing what is called “strawberry cervicitis.”
   Rice. - Strawberry cervicitis
4. Chemical reagents are any aggressive chemicals, both in the composition of medications for topical use, and substances that are initially foreign to delicate mucous membranes. Substances such as soda, vinegar, ascorbic acid, potassium permanganate, boric acid, concentrated herbal decoctions, and so on, can be found in douches and vaginal tampons so beloved by many women.
5. Physical impact - any physical “violence” over the tissues of the cervix - blunt force trauma, burns, consequences of rough manipulation, etc.
6. Atrophic processes are a separate group of conditions of the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, most often occurring in patients during menopause, when the level of sex hormones drops. With estrogen deficiency, the mucous membranes of the cervix and vagina become thinner, the cells become atrophic, do not accumulate enough nutrients, are more susceptible to any external influences and are more easily damaged.
7. Combinations of these factors - for example, the presence of an STI in a particular patient greatly weakens the local immunity of the vagina and cervix, facilitating the penetration of the human papillomavirus and increasing the risk of developing precancerous conditions of the cervix.

Diagnostics

Very often, the patient hears the diagnosis of “cervicitis” immediately after examination in the chair, without receiving the results of smears or colposcopy. This is a fundamentally wrong action by the doctor, since the diagnosis of “cervicitis” is not made “by eye”, except in rare cases when the picture is too typical (“strawberry neck”, purulent discharge, etc.).

The mandatory list of diagnostics for any cervical pathology includes the following studies:

1. Taking smears of the flora from three points - the vagina, cervix and urethra. Each point has its own indicator standards. An increase in the number of leukocytes and a change in the composition of the flora in a smear from the cervix indicates an inflammatory process in it.
2. Mandatory smear testing for cancer cells. This smear can also be called cytological, “for oncocytology” or for atypical cells - these are all synonyms. This smear is also taken with a special brush from two points - from the surface of the cervix and from its canal. A laboratory technician or a doctor in a cytology laboratory evaluates the cellular composition and excludes the presence of cells suspicious for cancer or precancerous conditions.
   Rice. - Taking a smear for cancer cells
   In this case, a brush is used that takes a smear from both points simultaneously - this is very convenient and fast.
3. Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix with a special magnifying device using special samples. Such an examination is necessarily indicated for patients with “pseudo-erosion” of the cervix. Colposcopy can identify suspicious areas on the cervix, evaluate signs of inflammation, and also, under “eye control,” take an area of ​​the cervix for histological examination - take a biopsy.
4. Cervical biopsy - taking a piece of the cervix for subsequent examination in a histological laboratory. Of course, such a study is not performed on every patient, but for a number of indications, in particular, suspicion of cancer or precancer, negative results of colposcopy or cytology.
5. Testing for STIs and HPV is necessary in the presence of an inflammatory process confirmed by smears or changes in the cellular composition of smears, or certain biopsy results.

Only after a complex of examinations and obtaining inflammatory results of smears, obvious signs of inflammation on colposcopy or obtaining a biopsy with a ready-made diagnosis such as “chronic cervicitis” or “exacerbation of chronic cervicitis”, can a final diagnosis be made and one or another treatment prescribed.

Cervicitis and pregnancy

Most patients ask the question: “Is it possible to get pregnant with inflammation of the cervix?” There is no clear answer. It all depends on the activity of the process, its nature and many other factors. We can say that any inflammatory process in the female genital area definitely reduces the chances of not only conception, but also of further pregnancy.

How does cervicitis interfere with conception and pregnancy?

• Cervicitis caused by infections of the STI group definitely reduces the chances of pregnancy, since these infections cause not only inflammation in the cervix, but can also rise higher - into the uterine cavity and tubes. They damage endometrial tissue, preventing implantation of the fertilized egg, and also damage the epithelium of the fallopian tubes, interfering with the advancement of sperm and eggs.
• Active inflammation in the cervix during pregnancy is already dangerous due to miscarriage. The cervix is ​​a very special organ in pregnancy. Before labor occurs, the cervix acts as a lock and barrier. The inflammatory process weakens this barrier, the cervix can soften and open long before the expected due date. This condition is called ICI or isthmic-cervical insufficiency. This is the main cause of late miscarriages, premature births, and, accordingly, child mortality and disability.
• As we have already said, inflammation in the cervix is ​​not always limited to it. In some cases, it can “crawl” higher - into the uterine cavity, to the membranes and fetus, causing another serious complication called IUI or intrauterine infection of the fetus. This is another cause of miscarriages, premature births, and severe infectious complications in a newborn. The infection that caused cervicitis in the mother can cause pneumonia, hepatitis, meningitis and other serious diseases in the fetus and newborn.
• In the infertility factor, the factor of “cervical infertility” also remains important. This is a special type of conflict between a man and a woman, in which the woman’s cervical mucus contains antibodies that kill and damage the man’s sperm. The true causes of this factor have not been fully studied, but a lot of data indicate the impact of chronic cervicitis at the moment.

Conclusion

Of course, you can find many stories about women with cervicitis becoming pregnant and giving birth to healthy children without any treatment. Nobody argues, it all depends on each specific situation. However, examination of the cervix in preparation for pregnancy is a prerequisite.

Development of cervicitis during pregnancy

During pregnancy, women are often exposed to various pathologies, in particular inflammation of the cervix. This disease is otherwise called cervicitis. This disease can negatively affect the development of the fetus and the mother herself. Therefore, it is important to get rid of this pathology as early as possible. Why does cervicitis appear during pregnancy and how to treat it?

Reasons for the development of the disease

The cervix is ​​the lower part of the reproductive organ that protrudes into the vagina. This area very well protects the uterus from microorganisms that are found in the vaginal part.

The uterine cervix itself has a folded structure, has an external and internal pharynx, which are precisely the protection against bacteria. When a gynecologist conducts an examination, the external os is clearly visible in the mirror. This is where cervicitis occurs.

The cervical canal is closed by a dense mucus plug, which is secreted by certain glands located inside this canal. This plug prevents infection from entering.

Typically, pathogenic microorganisms enter the uterus from the vagina. This occurs when the defense mechanism in the uterus is disrupted and cannot resist bacteria. The infection actively multiplies, hence the inflammatory process.

Pathogenic microorganisms that can cause cervicitis include E. coli, Candida fungi, chlamydia, ureaplasma, and mycoplasma. They appear when a woman’s immune system malfunctions and she does not maintain intimate hygiene.

Types of pathology and symptoms

The inflammatory process of the cervix during pregnancy can be of different types. The first classification is made depending on how the disease progresses. According to it, there are two types of cervicitis:

1. Spicy. It occurs when bacteria have recently entered the uterus and begin to actively develop. In this case, a woman may feel a dull pain syndrome in the lower abdomen. It is also possible to increase body temperature, but not much. Soreness can also appear after sexual intercourse, but not in the abdomen, but in the genital area. Another symptom of acute type of cervicitis of the cervix is ​​problems with urination.
2. Chronic. With this disease, pathogenic microorganisms have been present in a woman’s body for a long time and gradually destroy the cells of the reproductive organ. The inflammatory process occurs when the uterus prolapses, the patient does not take contraceptives correctly, leads a disordered sex life, does not maintain intimate hygiene, and does not treat inflammatory pathologies of the pelvic organs in a timely manner.

With chronic cervicitis and pregnancy, patients complain of scanty mucous discharge, which can sometimes have purulent impurities, swelling, and redness of the mucous membrane of the organ. The woman is also bothered by dull pain in the lower abdomen, bleeding after sex, a burning sensation and itching during the emptying of the bladder.

The second classification of the inflammatory process in the cervix consists of the following types of cervicitis:

• Purulent. This type of disease occurs when gonorrhea develops. With it, there is an accumulation of purulent masses in the canal of the uterine cervix. Therefore, vaginal discharge may contain pus and have an unpleasant odor.
• Viral. It occurs when an infection enters the uterus through sexual intercourse. A woman with this diagnosis experiences severe itching in the genitals, general malaise, and pain in the abdominal area.
• Bacterial. This disease is formed due to vaginal dysbiosis and the penetration of a bacterial infection. Among the most common signs of pathology are problems with emptying the bladder, pain during sexual intercourse, as well as dull pain in the lower abdomen. Vaginal discharge may also be observed, which may be different, have purulent or mucous impurities.
• Candida. This type of pathology appears when Candida fungus enters the uterus. The discharge is white in color and may also have a cheesy consistency.
• Atrophic. It occurs when a woman suffers from pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system, leads a promiscuous sex life, and nonspecific bacteria, for example, staphylococci, streptococci, penetrate into her uterus. Another type of pathology can appear as a result of curettage, abortion, rupture of the reproductive organ as a result of labor.

Consequences of the disease for pregnant women

Is it possible to get pregnant with cervicitis? It's possible, but it's not worth it. When a pregnant woman experiences cervicitis of the cervix, there is a high probability of spontaneous abortion in the early stages. There is also a danger that the fetus can become infected in utero, and labor can begin ahead of schedule.

After birth, a child may acquire purulent-septic lesions of the skin and internal organs due to an infection that has entered the baby’s body.

If pathogenic microorganisms enter during the first stages of pregnancy, placental insufficiency may develop and problems may arise with the formation of the child’s organs. This can lead to freezing and miscarriage of the fetus.

If cervical pathology appears in late pregnancy, then the baby may have developmental delays, as well as the formation of serious infectious pathologies.

How to recognize the disease during pregnancy?

It is quite easy for a gynecologist to detect an inflammatory process in the cervix. First, the doctor conducts a conversation with the patient, learns about her complaints, and studies the medical history. Then she performs a gynecological examination using a speculum.

The doctor can see signs of inflammation of the cervix of the reproductive organ, and also detect discharge with pus in the woman’s vagina. If cervicitis occurs in a chronic form, then the symptoms will not appear so clearly.

During a gynecological examination, the doctor must take a smear. This is necessary in order to determine the type of pathogen and prescribe the correct treatment. In addition to the routine examination, the gynecologist recommends additional tests. These include laboratory tests of blood, urine, and ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.

The result of the smear examination will show not only the pathogen, but also the number of leukocytes. If it is higher than normal, then this indicates the development of an acute inflammatory process. If, on the contrary, there are few of these components, then we are talking about a chronic type of pathology.

Based on the results of all the diagnostic measures the woman has undergone, the attending physician can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment. The prognosis is quite favorable; getting rid of cervicitis is not particularly difficult if the woman strictly follows all the recommendations of specialists.

Methods to combat inflammation

Treatment of the inflammatory process of the cervix is ​​carried out with medication. First of all, the doctor prescribes antibacterial agents. Their selection depends on the results of the smear, showing who exactly became the causative agent of this pathology. The bacteria must be very sensitive to the drug.

If a woman suffers from a chronic form of cervicitis, she will also need to take vitamins and products that strengthen the immune system. Sitz baths and douching may also be prescribed.

A pregnant woman must strictly follow all the rules of therapy recommended by the attending doctor. This will avoid the recurrence of uterine disease.

But treatment is necessary not only for women, but for their sexual partners. You cannot have sex during therapy. After treatment, you will need to be observed by a gynecologist for some more time. He will tell you what needs to be done to successfully rehabilitate the cervix and eliminate the resulting damage.

In addition, the doctor will provide physical therapy that will help maintain the pregnancy. But there are situations when the fetus has to be removed. To avoid this, you must remember that you should never self-medicate. This can cause enormous harm to both the baby and the expectant mother herself.

Disease prevention

It is quite possible to prevent the development of cervicitis in pregnant women; you just need to carefully monitor your condition and lead a healthy lifestyle. Every woman needs only to follow a few simple rules to avoid the occurrence of uterine pathology. These include:

• Visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination at least twice a year.
• Use condoms during sexual intercourse to prevent infection and unwanted pregnancy, and then, as a consequence, abortion.
• Start treatment for sexually transmitted diseases in a timely manner.
• Do not live a promiscuous sex life.
• Strengthen your immunity.

To maintain good functioning of the immune system, it is enough to harden yourself, play sports, and spend more time in the fresh air. These methods are very simple and at the same time quite effective.

Cervicitis during pregnancy is a common disease among expectant mothers. It must be eliminated, otherwise the infection can harm the fetus and the woman herself. In no case should you ignore cervical inflammation or try to cure it yourself. We must remember that the health and life of the baby depends on this.

It is better to prevent cervicitis during pregnancy

Cervicitis during pregnancy is not a rare problem. A decrease in immune status (decreased immunity) during pregnancy is associated with an increased load on the body. The result is the creation of favorable conditions for exogenous or endogenous causes of the development of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix.

Myself cervicitis even before pregnancy is a problem for conception. If there are no problems with conception, then danger to the pregnant woman herself, as well as to the fetus, can arise at any stage.

Is it possible to get pregnant with cervicitis?

Chronic cervicitis, as well as acute forms of the disease, accompanied by severe course or ectopia of the mucous membrane, can lead to to infertility. However, with adequate and timely treatment, the risk of developing infertility is minimal.

For reference. In case of acute or aggravated cervicitis, the likelihood of becoming pregnant is low, however, during the period of treatment it is recommended to use condoms or completely abstain from sexual intercourse (at least until acute symptoms disappear).

This is due to the fact that sexual intercourse increases the risk of introducing infection into the uterine cavity and has a traumatic effect on the inflamed mucous membrane of the cervix. Also, with infectious cervicitis, there is a high risk of infection of the sexual partner.

After treatment acute cervicitis the patient can become pregnant without risk to her health and the unborn baby.

At chronic cervicitis pregnancy can also occur, however, you must first consult with a gynecologist and, if necessary, select a planned anti-relapse therapy (safe for the fetus).

Cervicitis during pregnancy

Cervicitis during pregnancy is a common cause of obstetric pathologies. In the absence of timely treatment, the disease can lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus, premature labor, miscarriage, and the development of postpartum purulent or septic complications.

According to official medical statistics, the incidence of intrauterine infections in Russia ranges from 10 to 52%. Among premature babies, intrauterine infections occur in 70% of cases.

Important. The most common cause of fetal infection is infectious cervicitis during pregnancy.

Since the main cause of the development of cervicitis during pregnancy is infection, the disease rarely occurs in isolation from other inflammatory pathologies of the female genital organs. Most often, cervicitis during pregnancy is combined with acute urethritis, vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, bartholinitis or recurrent urinary tract infections.

The spread of infection beyond the cervix (ascending spread of infection) can lead to the development of severe pathologies of fetal development. Therefore, even with mild symptoms of cervicitis, you should immediately consult a doctor.

For timely detection of asymptomatic forms of the disease, it is recommended to undergo regular scheduled examinations with your obstetrician-gynecologist.

With early detection of cervicitis in pregnant women and with complex treatment, the disease extremely rarely leads to severe complications. It is important to remember that ignoring the symptoms of the disease, as well as attempts at self-medication, can cause irreparable harm to both the health of the woman herself and the unborn child.

The danger of cervicitis for pregnant women

In acute cervicitis, the most common complication is infection of the fetus and amniotic fluid, leading to delayed fetal development and the occurrence of various pathologies that are dangerous to the health of the unborn baby.

For reference. In chronic forms of the disease, miscarriage and spontaneous abortions are more common.

If left untreated, cervicitis during pregnancy can be complicated by:

• miscarriage (with chronic cervicitis, recurrent miscarriage may occur);
• fading of pregnancy;
• miscarriages;
• premature labor activity;
• intrauterine infection of the fetus;
• postpartum inflammatory complications;
• infection of the fetus during childbirth;
• the formation of congenital malformations.

Inflammation of the appendages (salpingoophoritis) and inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) are common and dangerous diseases. During pregnancy, they harm not only the health of the mother, but also pose a threat to the fetus. By what symptoms can a pregnant woman determine the presence of pelvic inflammatory disease? How to treat it?

Why do pregnant women experience inflammation of the uterus, its cervix and appendages?

The main cause of inflammatory processes is the proliferation of pathogenic microflora: ureaplasma, Klebsiella, staphylococcus, E. coli or bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases. During the period of bearing a child, a woman's immunity decreases; even slight hypothermia can cause inflammation. The development of diseases is also facilitated by poor hygiene and unprotected sexual contact with infected partners.

During pregnancy, active production of hormones occurs, the heaviest load falls on the ovaries. This leads to the fact that the appendages become vulnerable to infection, which causes salpingoophoritis.

Symptoms of the inflammatory process

The main symptom of cervicitis is vaginal discharge. A woman should be alerted to purulent or greenish-yellow discharge, which has a rather unpleasant odor. Often sexual intercourse is accompanied by pain, and blood clots may be released.

Signs of salpingoophoritis:

• pain in the lower abdomen and lower back;
• elevated temperature (up to 38-39°C);
• problems with urination;
• tension in the abdomen, pain on palpation.

Diagnostic measures

If a pregnant woman experiences symptoms similar to signs of inflammation of the appendages or cervix, she should immediately contact the gynecologist leading the pregnancy. The primary diagnosis is made as a result of a gynecological examination.

During the examination, the gynecologist takes a smear from the vagina for microflora. To confirm assumptions about the diagnosis, the doctor gives a referral for a blood test for antibodies and hidden infections.

How to treat?

Inflammatory processes should not be left untreated, especially during pregnancy. The course of therapy is selected individually, depending on what caused the inflammation. In severe cases, when there is a threat to the child’s life, the woman is offered to go to hospital. In addition, the pregnant woman's partner must also undergo treatment.

The table below shows medications approved for pregnant women.

What could be the consequences?

Many women are afraid to take antibiotics and prefer traditional medicine. In the case of inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, self-medication is strictly prohibited, because the consequences are much more severe than possible side effects from medications.

Consequences of salpingoophoritis and cervicitis during pregnancy:

• infection of the fetus, which affects the intrauterine development of the child and causes congenital pathologies;
• anembryony - absence of an embryo in the fertilized egg;
• spontaneous abortion;
• intrauterine fetal death;
• spread of inflammation to the uterine cavity;
• premature rupture of amniotic fluid;
• weak labor activity.

Inflammation during pregnancy does not go away without leaving a trace even after childbirth. Recovery after the birth of a child takes longer, and postpartum endometritis may occur.

Prevention measures

Is it possible to protect yourself from inflammation of the appendages and cervix? First of all, you need to carefully monitor your health. Intimate contacts should only be protected, and the partner must be tested for infections.

A pregnant woman should not get sick, because hypothermia often becomes a provoking factor in the development of concomitant diseases. Warm underwear, clothing appropriate for the weather, avoiding thongs will help prevent inflammation.

The appendages are the ovaries and fallopian tubes - organs that are of great importance in the process of childbirth. The main causes of the disease are sexually transmitted infections (mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia) and activation of opportunistic microflora (streptococci, E. coli, ureaplasma).

Symptoms

The main symptoms of inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy may be the following:

• pain in the lower abdomen, usually from the affected ovary, which often radiates to the sacrum, pubis and groin area;
• vaginal discharge that is yellowish or greenish in color with an unpleasant odor;
• deterioration of the general condition of the body, fatigue.

Danger

Why is this inflammation dangerous during pregnancy? In the absence of proper treatment, intrauterine infection and even fetal death, spontaneous miscarriage or premature birth, non-developing or frozen pregnancy are possible. In addition, the appearance of inflammation of the appendages in the early stages can lead to the development of fetal defects, and in the later stages - to the birth of a weak baby.

What to do

During pregnancy, treatment of inflammation of the appendages is carried out only in a hospital setting. The doctor selects treatment tactics individually for each patient, depending on the type of pathogen, the general condition of the woman, the characteristics of the course of pregnancy, period, and the presence of chronic diseases. Usually it is necessary to prescribe antibacterial drugs to the patient.

The frequency of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs ranks first among all gynecological diseases and accounts for about 65% of all visits to antenatal clinics. Early onset of sexual activity, frequent changes of sexual partners, as well as the latent course of most inflammatory diseases lead to the formation of their chronic forms.

The word “appendages” in gynecology refers to the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Both of these organs play an active role in the process of childbirth. The ovaries are responsible for the maturation of the egg and its release into the fallopian tubes, and they also produce sex hormones necessary for conception and maintenance of pregnancy. The fallopian tubes act as intermediaries between the ovaries and the uterus.

This is where the mature egg ends up after ovulation. Then it begins to gradually move towards the uterine cavity. It is worth noting that the structure of the fallopian tubes helps her in this. Their inner surface is covered with many small cilia, which, with their movement, direct the egg in the desired direction. As a rule, fertilization also occurs in the fallopian tubes.

It is easy to understand that the health of the appendages is one of the important factors necessary for the successful conception of a child. However, in order to avoid complications during pregnancy, the appendages must also be healthy. But it doesn’t always work out the way you want: inflammation of the appendages is, unfortunately, a very common disease among pregnant women.

Inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs, including the ovaries and tubes, are always associated with certain infectious conquests. These can be infections that are sexually transmitted, or those viruses and bacteria that constantly live in a woman’s body, but are suppressed by her immune system. Such microorganisms are harmless until a decrease in immunity occurs.

This may be due to a variety of reasons. You can often hear a woman say that she “has a cold in her appendages.” Here it is necessary to clarify that low temperatures, of course, cannot cause inflammation on their own, but they are quite capable of reducing disease resistance. By the way, pregnancy is a process that also leads to a natural decrease in immunity.

Any inflammatory processes, including inflammation of the appendages, can occur in acute or chronic form. With primary infection, as a rule, we are talking about an acute form. If the infection is not treated in time, it becomes chronic. It is much more difficult to get rid of such inflammation, and it is somewhat more difficult to diagnose chronic inflammation of the appendages that occurs during pregnancy.

It should be noted that most often young women who have not given birth face this problem. They make up up to 80% of all those who seek medical help for the first time with inflammation of the appendages. And among pregnant women, as a rule, there are more of those who were infected before pregnancy and simply did not know about it. However, unfortunately, this does not mean that inflammation cannot begin during pregnancy.

Difficulties in diagnosing infection are due to the fact that in some cases the inflammation is asymptomatic for a long time, and the woman is not at all aware of its existence before pregnancy. However, as mentioned above, during pregnancy there is a natural decrease in immunity, against the background of which any inflammatory processes inevitably make themselves felt.

In addition, the symptoms of inflammation of the appendages largely depend on what kind of infection we are talking about. Most often, women complain that their appendages hurt, that is, the lower abdomen on the side where the lesion occurs. Pain can also radiate to the pubis, sacrum and groin areas. Often there is a discharge with a yellow or greenish color and an unpleasant odor.

Before pregnancy, the presence of inflammation can be judged by the same symptoms, as well as by an irregular menstrual cycle, frequent delays and spotting in the middle of the cycle.

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to take a smear for vaginal flora, as well as blood for antibodies, and in some cases, an analysis for hidden infections. Women who have given birth know that all these tests must be taken several times during pregnancy, even if none of the symptoms described above bother the woman. This is necessary for timely detection and localization of infection.

The most common disease of the female genital area is inflammation of the appendages. Ladies of different ages are susceptible to this disease. Both very young girls who have not yet been sexually active, as well as mature women who have been in menopause for a long time can get sick.

They are in a sterile environment, and the slightest entry of microbes into this area breaks the sterility.

The inflammatory process can develop due to infection, for example, E. coli from the rectum into the appendages or microorganisms (mycoplasma, trichomoniasis and chlamydia) during sexual intercourse. When this happens, the woman becomes ill.

• Stress and nervous tension, which weaken the body's natural defenses, and it loses the ability to fight. In this state, banal hypothermia or a nervous breakdown can cause preconditions for inflammation of the appendages.
• Hormonal imbalance, which can occur in an unusual situation. Against the background of the release of certain hormones, the hormones are disrupted, and a failure can provoke the formation of cysts in the appendages. They are able to quickly grow to large sizes. In this case, the appendages and nearby organs become severely inflamed.
• Unclaimed sexuality. For a woman’s health, sexual contact is simply necessary from a physiological point of view. This is due to the internal massage of the woman’s genitals and improved blood flow. With a prolonged absence of sexual intercourse, stagnation occurs in the pelvic organs, which has a bad effect on the condition of the appendages.

Disease of the appendages can be acute or chronic and manifest as symptoms.

These include:

• pain in the lower abdomen, spreading to the lower back and legs
• various discharges from
• sharp pain that appears during a gynecological examination
• pain during sexual intercourse
• promotion
• uterine bleeding outside the cycle
• delay

If symptoms and suspicions of inflammation of the genital organs are detected, a woman must undergo a gynecological examination. The slightest changes in the appendages, detected in time, can be easily treated.

Treatment of inflammatory processes in the genital organs usually takes a long time and is carried out using antibacterial drugs, which must be prescribed by a doctor.

The treatment course must be completed in full; temporary improvement should not be a reason for early termination of therapy. The result of drug treatment should be consolidated with restorative therapy and physical therapy. After medical and physical therapy, the woman is recommended to undergo mud and sanatorium treatment.

A woman needs to independently monitor her health.

Inflammatory diseases of the fallopian tubes and ovaries - adnexitis and salpingoophoritis. They are usually the result of promiscuous sex life, the hidden course of chronic diseases, poor personal hygiene and weakened immunity. In a healthy woman, the appendages and uterine cavity are sterile, as they do not have their own microflora.

They can become inflamed when exposed to pathogenic microbes. Sexually transmitted microorganisms are especially dangerous: gonococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma. They are extremely hardy and stubbornly resist the immune system. Often, signs of the disease can appear when the inflammatory process has already become chronic.

Typically, women are bothered by sharp and aching pain in the lower abdomen, menstrual dysfunction, fever and weakness. The functioning of inflamed fallopian tubes and ovaries is seriously impaired if the process continues for a long time. It is worth noting that hypothermia cannot cause inflammation of the appendages; it only serves as a provoking factor when the inflammatory process begins.

Untimely treatment of the inflammatory process leads to the formation of dense connective tissue, which replaces dead cells. As a result, the already thin lumen of the tube may become “overgrown” and it will become impassable for the egg.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy

If an infection develops in the body, an inflammatory process often appears in the lymph nodes located nearby. The expectant mother is more susceptible to various infections than others, so inflammation of the lymph nodes is often observed during pregnancy. In the acute form, the disease appears suddenly with complete external well-being.

In the case of a secondary infection, a purulent process develops (purulent lymphadenitis). Purulent inflammation during pregnancy is very dangerous, as the infection spreads throughout the body and can lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus.

What to do

Inflammation of the lymph nodes during pregnancy requires treatment only when a purulent process develops. In this case, drainage of the lymph node is performed, and then antibiotic therapy is applied. If there is no purulent process, the doctor determines the cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes. Treatment is used only when necessary, sometimes the doctor prefers to postpone it until after childbirth.

Pneumonia during pregnancy

The inflammatory process in the lungs is called pneumonia. This disease is rarely primary; most often it develops as a complication of untreated bronchitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheitis. The causative agents of pneumonia can be bacteria, viruses and fungi.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pneumonia during pregnancy include the following conditions:

• dry cough, which after a few days turns into a wet cough;
• pain in the chest area;
• weakness, fatigue, headache and joint pain, chills, increased body temperature;
• shortness of breath, pallor, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle.

Danger

This pathology is dangerous with many serious complications, both for the expectant mother and for her child. Most often, pulmonary inflammation during pregnancy provokes the appearance of such diseases and phenomena:

• obstructive syndrome, acute respiratory failure, exudative pleurisy;
• acute cardiopulmonary failure, myocarditis, endocarditis, infectious-toxic shock;
• fetal development defects;
• miscarriage or premature birth.

What to do

With mild or moderate pneumonia, the expectant mother can be treated at home. Severe course requires treatment of inflammation during pregnancy in a hospital setting.

In most cases, the main method of treating pneumonia is antibacterial drugs. The doctor selects medications that have the most gentle effect on the child’s body and are at the same time quite effective in treatment. If necessary, the woman is prescribed other medications.

As a rule, these are mucolytic and expectorant drugs, antihistamines, immunostimulants, detoxification drugs, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Additionally, a pregnant woman is recommended to take vitamin complexes, infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs (only after consultation with a doctor), and oxygen therapy may be performed.

Inflammation during pregnancy is a rather undesirable pathology, which, however, is difficult to avoid while waiting for the baby. It is necessary to understand that only a timely visit to a doctor and following all his recommendations will help to quickly and without complications overcome the disease.

Inflammation of the ovaries during pregnancy is a serious pathology, the development of which can cause the loss of a child in the early stages. Most often, it appears as a result of damage to the genitourinary system by pathogenic microflora. In this case, the uterus and appendages increase in size and swell. This clinical picture provokes the appearance of pain.

In gynecology, this disease is called “adnexitis”. It is diagnosed in more than 60% of patients visiting antenatal clinics.

Inflammation and infertility

One of the most serious consequences of chronic inflammation of the appendages can be infertility. The infection inevitably leaves its mark on the functioning of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Firstly, it can disrupt the functioning of the ovary, which is why ovulation simply will not occur. But this happens extremely rarely.

The most common cause of infertility is adhesions. Connective tissue forms in place of muscle tissue damaged by infection. Folds of such tissue can partially or completely block the already narrow lumen of the fallopian tubes, making them impassable. Naturally, in such conditions, conception is out of the question.

Adhesions can also form in the ovary. This also makes it impossible to ovulate, and therefore to conceive a child.

The high prevalence of infections of the internal genital organs is one of the reasons why the birth of a child must be taken very seriously, and it is imperative to plan conception in advance. At the preparation stage, both parents must pass all the prescribed tests that will help identify infections, if any, and prescribe adequate treatment.

This will ensure the absence of diseases at the start of pregnancy. All that remains is to do everything to avoid getting infected later.

Adnexitis: causes and mechanisms of development

Most often, this is the name of the inflammatory process in the uterine appendages: the ovaries and (fallopian) fallopian tubes. Another name for this pathology is salpingoophoritis. Inflammation begins against a background of reduced immunity from a small infectious focus, developing into a serious disease. Many patients, when voicing a diagnosis, have a question: is it possible to get pregnant if the appendages are inflamed? To answer, you need to understand the causes and manifestations of the disease.

To make a correct diagnosis, a woman needs to undergo the necessary tests, undergo an examination by a gynecologist, as well as an ultrasound examination. It is advisable to identify the disease as early as possible and begin therapy, since advanced inflammatory processes in the appendages and ovaries almost always become chronic, which leads to the formation of adhesions and other complications.

Experts identify several risk factors for the development of adnexitis:

• inflammatory processes in neighboring organs;
• infectious diseases of the genital area;
• decreased immunity;
• general hypothermia;
• tension in the functioning of the nervous system (stress, overwork);
• history of unsuccessful abortions;
• careless implementation of hygiene rules.

The immediate cause of adnexitis is infection with pathogenic viruses and bacteria during unprotected sex (chlamydia, streptococci, staphylococci and gonococci, as well as mycoplasma and ureaplasma are especially dangerous). Activation of one’s own flora against the background of reduced immunity is not excluded. The likelihood of developing adnexitis increases after abortions and miscarriages.

The cause of cervicitis of the cervix is ​​infection. It enters the mucous membrane or cervical canal through blood and lymph, during sexual intercourse or by contact from the rectum. Conditionally pathogenic flora - coccal pathogens, E. coli, fungi, chlamydia, mycoplasma, trichomonas, viruses - can also cause inflammation in the organs of the reproductive system.

When a woman becomes pregnant, under the influence of hormonal changes, the pH level of vaginal secretions changes, which before pregnancy was a natural barrier to the penetration of infection into the reproductive organs. The environment becomes less aggressive, conditionally pathogenic flora begins to actively multiply, provoking the development of the inflammatory process.

Additional factors for the development of cervicitis in pregnant women:

• cervical trauma in previous births, abortions;
• the use of an intrauterine device, its removal before pregnancy;
• benign neoplasms.

Article on the topic - inflammation of the cervix: causes and treatment

Symptoms may vary. The wilting is influenced by the form of cervicitis, the general condition of the patient and concomitant pathologies. Manifestations are similar to other gynecological diseases. The main signs of the inflammatory process in a pregnant woman:

• copious mucous or purulent vaginal discharge, which may be yellowish in color or completely absent;
• sharp or aching pain in the lower abdomen with projection to the anus;
• with fungal cervicitis, a burning sensation in the vagina may be felt;
• during a gynecological examination, redness, swelling of the mucous membrane, as well as minor bruises are visualized;
• the general condition of the woman does not change due to the pathology. This causes late detection of pathology in pregnant women in the second trimester during registration.

If the causative agent of the inflammatory process is HPV, condylomas may appear on the cervix. With a herpetic infection, the entire cervix can be covered with continuous erosion, the mucous membrane becomes loose. With chlamydia, there may be no symptoms. If the pathology is caused by coccal infections, then the vaginal discharge has a grayish tint and an unpleasant, pungent aroma.

In most cases, this disease is caused by pathogenic microbes. They settle on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system, passing through the fallopian tubes. Sometimes pathogenic microflora enters a woman’s body through the blood.

Inflammation of the ovaries during early pregnancy can also occur due to:

• hypothermia;
• viral damage to the body;
• ignoring hygiene standards;
• non-compliance with medical recommendations in the postoperative period;
• inflammation of the fallopian tubes;
• promiscuity.

The influence of inflammatory processes on the course of pregnancy

The presence of inflammation of the appendages greatly reduces the likelihood of pregnancy, but this is not the end of its detrimental effect on pregnancy. Literally throughout pregnancy, an infection of the internal genital organs can greatly complicate the situation.

First of all, it is worth saying that due to hormonal imbalances caused by inflammation of the appendages, fertilization of the egg may not occur in the middle of the cycle, but somewhat later. Late fertilization makes maintaining a pregnancy quite difficult.

In place of the burst follicle, which releases a mature egg from the ovary, a temporary organ is formed - the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone - the hormone necessary for fixing the fertilized egg in the uterus and maintaining pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur in the middle of the cycle, the corpus luteum begins to degrade and hormone production decreases.

Now let’s imagine that fertilization still occurs, but later, when the process of degradation of the corpus luteum has already begun. There is little progesterone in the body, and it is difficult for a fertilized egg to even gain a foothold in the uterus, let alone stay there. This can cause early miscarriage at a time when the woman does not even know she is pregnant.

Another fairly common pathology that accompanies chronic inflammation of the appendages is ectopic pregnancy. Adhesive processes have already been described above. So, with partial patency of the fallopian tube, the egg, which has a very impressive size, cannot penetrate the uterus, while sperm are quite capable of getting to the egg and fertilizing it.

Since the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy at first are no different from normal ones, it is very important for women who know about their diagnosis to consult a doctor as soon as possible. Timely diagnosis and removal of an ectopic pregnancy allows you to preserve the fallopian tubes and the ability to bear children.

We should not forget that the long-term development of infection is fraught with the fact that it will spread to neighboring organs. The gall bladder, bladder and peritoneum are at risk. This applies to the mother, but inflammation of the appendages may also have an effect on the fetus.

First of all, the risk of intrauterine infection of a child cannot be discounted. The consequences depend on at what stage of the hearth's development the infection occurs. In the most extreme case, anembryony may develop, that is, the absence of an embryo in the fertilized egg. However, frozen pregnancies and miscarriages at an early stage are much more common.

In addition, if infection occurs in the early stages, pathologies in the development of internal organs may occur. In the later stages, the infection is fraught with growth retardation. After birth, it is more difficult for such children to adapt to new conditions. In addition, they need urgent treatment, since the development of infection will not lead to anything good.

If at the beginning of pregnancy it becomes known that there is inflammation of the appendages associated with sexually transmitted diseases, doctors may even advise the woman to have an abortion, since the birth of a healthy child in this case is unlikely.

Another serious factor is the functioning of the mother’s immune system. The presence of infection forces it to work actively, creating antibodies, activating protective functions. As a result, the mother's blood becomes toxic to the fetus and also interferes with the normal development of the placenta and umbilical cord.

Inflammation also affects the birth process. In particular, the presence of infection often provokes premature rupture of amniotic fluid. The consequence of this may be weakness of labor. The longer the anhydrous period lasts, the greater the risk of intrauterine infection of the child increases.

If inflammation is detected in a pregnant woman, then hospitalization is indispensable. The fact is that an expectant mother with this disease needs constant medical supervision.

The course of treatment for inflammation of the appendages depends on a number of factors, and only an experienced gynecologist can prescribe it after a long list of tests and studies. In particular, it is necessary to find out what kind of infection we are talking about. In addition, it is necessary to take a smear to determine the sensitivity of the microflora to antibiotics.

In this case, it is impossible to do without them, as well as antiviral drugs. Of course, the choice falls on antibiotics allowed during pregnancy. However, this is all just the lesser evil. This is why it is so important to prevent infection or treat it before pregnancy.

Prevention

Methods for preventing inflammation of the appendages primarily include barrier contraception. You can refuse condoms only if you have a permanent, trusted partner. But it is also advisable to undergo regular checks. And in general, you should take the choice of a sexual partner as seriously as possible.

It is highly advisable to abstain from sex during menstruation. At this time, the female body is most vulnerable to various microorganisms.

Of course, in any case, inflammation of the appendages is an unpleasant phenomenon. However, if it is possible to detect and treat it in a timely manner, then the consequences can be avoided. That is why it is necessary to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist and be attentive to your own health.

Is it possible to get pregnant after inflammation of the ovary. After inflammation of the appendages, it is possible to become pregnant. Is conception possible? Symptoms and treatment

Inflammation of the female ovaries occurs in 2 forms: acute and chronic. With an exacerbation of the disease, signs indicating the occurrence of a pathological process in the body are more clearly expressed.

The main symptoms of ovarian inflammation in women during pregnancy:

• painful urination;
• severe aching discomfort in the lower abdomen;
• pain in the lumbar area;
• weakness.

Some women who have recently experienced menorrhagia, painful menstruation, consider it a complication of psycho-emotional stress. However, it may be the first sign of ovarian inflammation.

Complications of pregnancy with adnexitis

No doctor can say with 100% certainty and guarantee that pregnancy will occur. Even if, during delayed ovulation, which is a consequence of inflammation, fertilization of the egg occurs, then, according to physiological norms, the fertilized egg must move towards the uterine cavity in order to attach to the wall there and begin its development. It is at this stage that a failure in this system may occur, the cause of which is obstruction of the fallopian tubes.

Also, pathogenic microorganisms can become a provocateur, causing disruption of the functioning of the egg and preventing its movement to the uterus. In such a case, there is a high risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy. Due to the unfavorable conditions created, the fertilized egg simply does not have time to reach the uterine cavity and attaches to the wall of the ovary or fallopian tube. Naturally, in such conditions the child cannot develop and the pregnancy is terminated.

Whether pregnancy occurs or not in this case depends on many factors. Here you should take into account the woman’s age and her physiological characteristics. The general state of health and the presence of complications arising from ovarian inflammation are also taken into account. In any case, before conceiving a child, it is necessary to undergo a full course of examination and, if pathology is present, it is better to cure all lesions, and only then begin to plan the birth of a child.

This possibility exists, but it is small. First of all, due to inflammatory processes, ovulation, i.e., the maturation of the egg, slows down. Further, even if fertilization has occurred, an impassable obstacle may appear on the way of the egg to the uterus for attachment due to the appearance of adhesions in the lumen of the fallopian tubes.

Pathogens also interfere with the normal physiology and progression of eggs. In such cases, the probability of occurrence is high, since in unfavorable conditions, due to inflammatory processes, the egg moves slowly and attaches not in the uterus, but along the way - on the walls of the ovaries or fallopian tubes. The result is always the same - the earliest possible surgical termination of such a pregnancy and possible infertility.

The answer to the question of whether it is possible to become pregnant with inflammation of the ovaries depends on a number of other factors: the type and duration of the existing inflammatory process in the genital area, the presence of concomitant diseases, the age of the patient and the individual characteristics of her body.

The presence of pathological inflammatory processes in the appendages is not a 100% obstacle to pregnancy. However, the subsequent pregnancy often occurs with many complications.

The most common complications of pregnancy against the background of chronic adnexitis are presented in the table.

Gestational age	Complications	Correction
I trimester (up to 12 weeks)	Spontaneous miscarriage, regressive pregnancy, intrauterine infection of the fetus	Treatment aimed at maintaining pregnancy, antibacterial therapy
II trimester (13-24 weeks)	Spontaneous miscarriage, placental insufficiency, placenta previa	Conservation therapy, means to improve uteroplacental blood flow
III trimester (25-40 weeks)	Premature birth, placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, fetal growth restriction, polyhydramnios	Conservation therapy, means to improve uteroplacental blood flow, antibacterial therapy, resolving the issue of delivery
Postpartum period	Postpartum endometritis	Antibacterial therapy

What is meant by appendage replenishment?

Enlargement and swelling of the abdominal organs during pregnancy is a serious problem. Its presence can provoke uterine bleeding, premature birth and even miscarriage. The reason is a decrease in the protective uterine function due to an internal inflammatory process.

When the ovaries become inflamed, the female body actively produces antibodies, which increases the risk of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. An increase in the number of blood clots will lead to placental abruption.

Possible pathological conditions:

• miscarriage;
• premature birth;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• hydatidiform mole;
• infection and fetal death.

In the chronic form of this pathology, hormonal changes occur in the body of the expectant mother, leading to a disruption in the physiological development of the child.

How does ovarian inflammation affect pregnancy?

If pregnancy does occur with such a serious pathological disorder, there is a high risk of premature birth, miscarriage and uterine bleeding. This is due to the fact that during pregnancy the inflammatory process reduces the protective functions of the uterus and damages its internal tissues. Under such conditions, the fetus can be most actively attacked by viruses and bacteria. In addition, the mother's excited immune system can create additional difficulties.

Bleeding can occur due to the attachment of the fertilized egg to the lower part of the uterus, and with inflammation of the ovaries, the fertilized egg tends to attach itself to this part of the organ. It can also be noted that this pathology provokes the production of antibodies, which can result in the development of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. The danger of such a violation is expressed in the formation of a large number of blood clots and premature placental abruption.

Adnexitis causes the following pathological conditions during pregnancy:

• fetal infection;
• premature birth;
• miscarriage;
• hydatidiform mole;
• frozen pregnancy.

In the chronic course of the disease, hormonal disruptions occur, as a result of which the development of the fetus is disrupted and the most serious complication is infertility.

Before planning a pregnancy, you need to consult a gynecologist, take tests and smears to identify the presence of an inflammatory process. If the test results reveal that a pathological disorder is present, the doctor will prescribe a course of conservative therapy.

Further, after completing the course, diagnostics are carried out again and, if everything is in order, the woman first needs to completely restore her reproductive function and ensure its physiological functioning. To do this, a sleep and rest schedule is observed, and hormonal levels are adjusted by taking medications. You also need to normalize your metabolism and strengthen your immune system.

To prevent the occurrence of such a pathological disorder, you need to especially carefully monitor your health and not expose yourself to unfavorable factors. And if a disease occurs, do not despair. Modern medical methods make it possible to cure the inflammatory process in a fairly short period and give a chance for the birth of a healthy child.

Ovarian inflammation is a gynecological disease that reduces a woman’s reproductive ability. It is important to contact a specialist in time; only in this case will it be possible to restore it. The disease often interferes with conception and often causes various complications.

Inflammation of the ovaries is a common gynecological disease. Often the inflammatory process becomes chronic. It is noteworthy that diagnosed patients are predominantly young nulliparous girls.

Postpartum syndrome

Many women suffering from inflammation of the ovaries before childbirth subsequently encountered a phenomenon such as endometritis. Clinical picture:

• increased body temperature;
• insufficient uterine contraction;
• increased bleeding;
• severe pain in the lower abdomen, etc.

Theoretically, pregnancy after ovarian inflammation is possible. But in order for it to occur, it is important to undergo a full course of treatment, preferably in a hospital. Basic complications of ovarian inflammation that occurs during the postpartum period:

1. Changes in the immune system.
2. Hemostasis.
3. Severe pain syndrome.

To reduce the risk of these alarming symptoms, you need to follow preventive measures.

How to prevent reproductive system disorders

To reduce the risk of this dangerous pathology to zero, the expectant mother must undergo a full medical examination before planning conception. The first doctor she should visit is a gynecologist.

Basic preventive measures:

1. Insulation of the lower back in the cold season and in bad weather. This is required to reduce the risk of hypothermia.
2. Regular immunostimulating activities. The body of women with good immunity is less likely to be attacked by pathogenic microflora.
3. Lack of psycho-emotional stress.
4. Regular hygiene measures.
5. Compliance with sexual culture. To reduce the risk of contracting pathogens, you need to have sex with 1 partner. The second option is to use condoms.

You need to take the issue of your reproductive health seriously. Therefore, if a girl is planning to give birth to a baby, then she needs to follow these simple recommendations.

Therapy for ovarian inflammation during pregnancy

To prevent pathological changes in the development of the fetus, expectant mothers are not allowed to take medications. The exception is some medications that do not contain active substances that have a strong effect on the functioning of the nervous system.

But when adnexitis worsens, especially in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, the doctor prescribes antibiotics to the patient, since without this, the probability of losing the child is almost 100%.

Treatment of this disease is carried out only in hospital settings.

In addition to antibiotics, doctors prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs. In cases where the disease arose as a result of a complication of sexually transmitted pathology, the pregnancy is terminated.

Only a qualified specialist can eliminate such a serious disease as inflammation of the female ovaries. When faced with its symptoms, you should not self-medicate. Only professional help can preserve health.

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs include: colpitis - inflammation of the vagina; cervicitis - inflammation of the cervix; salpingoophoritis, or adnexitis, - inflammation of the appendages (ovaries and fallopian tubes); endomyometritis is a chronic inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus.

The leaders among these diseases are chronic salpingoophoritis and endomyometritis. The main cause of their occurrence is sexually transmitted infections: trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, etc. As the name of this group of infections suggests, the pathogen enters a woman’s body mainly through sexual contact with an infected person.

I would especially like to note that hypothermia cannot be the cause of inflammation of the appendages - it can become a provoking factor for exacerbation of an existing inflammatory process or for the activation of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (every person normally has them: E. coli, streptococci, ureaplasma, etc.) , which will cause an inflammatory process in the uterus and its appendages.

Long-term inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries leads to the development of dense connective tissue that replaces dead cells. As a result, the already very thin lumen of the tube (only 1-2 mm in diameter) can easily be “overgrown” with connective tissue, and the tube will become impassable for the egg. Under such conditions, the meeting of sperm and egg does not occur, and therefore fertilization is impossible.

In addition, in the process of inflammation, the cells lining the inner surface of the fallopian tubes are also affected. They promote the movement of the egg through the tube; in addition, many microorganisms, such as chlamydia and mycoplasma, can penetrate these cells and disrupt their functioning with their vital activity.

Whether a woman had inflammation of the appendages before pregnancy can be judged by the results of tests performed before pregnancy, as well as by the presence of the following complaints: moderate, periodic, dull, nagging, aching pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by cooling, as well as menstrual irregularities, which becomes unstable - with delays, intermenstrual discharge.

Pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen, in the groin areas, in the sacral area, and in the vagina. Often its intensity does not correspond to the nature of changes in the genital organs, i.e. inflammatory changes in organs can be minimal or as a result of treatment they can be eliminated, and pain, as a residual phenomenon, persists for a long time.

Inflammatory processes of the ovaries can lead to disruption of their functioning, while ovulation - the release of an egg from the ovary - does not occur at all (in this case, pregnancy is impossible) or occurs late. So, if normally ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, then with chronic salpingoophoritis, as a result of a disruption in the production of ovarian hormones, it occurs later than expected, almost before menstruation.

In place of the egg after ovulation, a special gland is formed - the corpus luteum. This gland produces the hormones progesterones, which ensure the onset of pregnancy and are the main supporting factor in the first trimester. In chronic salpingoophoritis, ovulation occurs untimely, and the corpus luteum does not work fully, producing an insufficient amount of progesterone. This factor often causes the threat of termination of pregnancy in the first trimester.

As already mentioned, the main cause of ectopic pregnancy is also the inflammatory process. As a result, connective tissue grows and the lumen of the fallopian tubes narrows. In addition, the work of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium, the cells that cover the inside of the fallopian tubes and promote the advancement of the egg into the uterine cavity, is disrupted.

It must be said that during an ectopic pregnancy, the pregnancy test is often positive, and the woman may experience the same subjective sensations as during intrauterine pregnancy (nausea, dizziness, etc.). Therefore, knowing that you have chronic salpingoophoritis and suspecting pregnancy, you need to consult a doctor as soon as possible to rule out ectopic pregnancy.

The inflammatory process can manifest its negative impact at different stages of pregnancy.

Thus, damage to the inner layers of the uterus leads to a change in the defense system inside the uterus. The inner layer of the uterus, trying to protect itself from aggressive factors (microbes, viruses that cause inflammation), perceives the embryo as a foreign agent, and the embryo is rejected and miscarried. If, nevertheless, the fertilized egg manages to attach, then in most cases this occurs in the lower parts of the uterus, that is, a low attachment or placenta previa is formed.

These conditions, in turn, serve as risk factors for bleeding during pregnancy. A chronic inflammatory process can lead to a change in the antigenic structure of infected endometrial cells: the body begins to produce antibodies to its own cells, that is, the cells of its own body are destroyed.

This process is the most common cause of the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. One of the symptoms of this complication is the formation of thrombosis. During pregnancy, the occurrence of microthrombosis in the placental area leads to placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction, and the development of gestosis - a pregnancy complication, often manifested by the appearance of protein in the urine, edema, and increased blood pressure.

In conditions of chronic inflammation of the genital organs during pregnancy, a malfunction occurs in the immune system, which serves to recognize and remove foreign substances from the body. Blood cells involved in the immune response have a toxic effect on the development of the embryo and the formation of the placenta.

All of the listed disorders in the body that occur during the inflammatory process of the genitals can lead to the following pathologies:

• anembryonia, i.e. absence of an embryo in the fertilized egg;
• non-developing, or frozen, pregnancy (in this case the death of the embryo occurs);
• spontaneous miscarriages at various stages of pregnancy;
• premature birth;
• intrauterine fetal death;
• infection of the fetus.

Intrauterine infection is possible if the inflammatory process is activated during pregnancy. In the early stages of pregnancy, intrauterine infection can lead to the formation of various fetal malformations, and in later stages - to fetal growth restriction syndrome. Such a baby adapts less well after birth and sometimes requires additional treatment.

During childbirth

Inflammatory diseases of various parts of the reproductive system can also have a negative impact on the course of labor. One of the most common complications during childbirth is premature or early rupture of amniotic fluid.

Most microorganisms have a set of special enzymes that can affect the membranes and lead to untimely release of amniotic fluid. If normally the water pours out when the contractions are already in full swing, the cervix is ​​completely or almost completely open, then in the presence of inflammatory lesions the water can pour out before the contractions begin.

In this case, the development of weakness of labor is possible; in addition, a long anhydrous period is a predisposing factor for infection of the uterus and membranes. Polyhydramnios, which often accompanies inflammation of the appendages in women, also leads to the development of primary or secondary weakness of labor.

In this situation, the uterus is overstretched and cannot contract well during childbirth. Prolonged labor against the background of prematurely discharged amniotic fluid, as well as the need to use birth stimulants when labor weakness develops, ultimately negatively affects the condition of the newborn.

After childbirth

The inflammatory process of the genital organs does not go away without leaving a trace even in the postpartum period. The likelihood of developing postpartum endomyometritis increases, which is manifested by insufficient contraction of the uterus, increased temperature, the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen, increased bleeding, and the appearance of characteristic foul-smelling discharge. This condition requires hospital treatment.

Thus, the chronic inflammatory process, which most often occurs in a latent form, leads to pronounced changes in the immune system, the hemostasis system (blood coagulation system) and to serious complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.

While carrying a baby, all women who suffered from inflammatory diseases of the genital organs before pregnancy are examined to exclude infections, including sexually transmitted ones. If certain pathogens are identified, appropriate treatment is carried out.

All women suffering from chronic inflammatory gynecological diseases are given treatment aimed at preventing oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) of the fetus and are prescribed drugs that improve blood circulation in the placenta.

Every woman should approach pregnancy planning with special responsibility. Examination before pregnancy and elimination of foci of inflammation will help to avoid complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs include: colpitis - inflammation of the vagina; cervicitis - inflammation of the cervix; salpingoophoritis, or adnexitis, - inflammation of the appendages (ovaries and fallopian tubes); endomyometritis is a chronic inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus.

During pregnancy, inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis) or bacterial vaginosis (dysbiosis) can lead to involvement of the uterus and appendages (fallopian tubes and ovaries) in the pathological process. Inflammation of the uterine appendages can be unilateral or bilateral, acute purulent or chronic.

Inflammation of the female genital organs can lead not only to reproductive dysfunction, but also to a malfunction of other systems of the woman’s body with loss of ability to work and the development of chronic diseases. Thus, pregnancy and inflammation of the appendages are often incompatible concepts.

Inflammation of the appendages is a serious disease of the female genital area that can lead to infertility or miscarriages. According to statistics, salpingoophoritis (adnexitis) suffered once provokes infertility in 25-30% of cases, twice – 45-50%, three times – 70%. Ectopic pregnancy occurs 5 times more often due to inflammation of the appendages. Exudate accumulates in the lumen of the fallopian tube, which over time can become purulent, which causes the walls to stick together and the lumen to close. Fertilization of the egg often becomes impossible.

Often salpingitis is diagnosed before pregnancy and must be treated. This disease is common between the ages of 15 and 25 years. After 30 years, the frequency decreases significantly, which is explained by scientists as a change in sexual behavior and an increase in protective antibodies in the cervical canal.

During pregnancy, immunosuppressive conditions occur, in which opportunistic bacteria can cause an inflammatory process. A shift in microbiological balance towards a decrease in the number of lactobacilli and an increase in colonies of other microflora in the vagina reduces the protective properties of the mucus of the cervical canal, which contributes to the development of an ascending infection. Hypothermia is not a direct cause of inflammation of the appendages. This is always an infectious process.

Causative agents of salpingitis

1. True pathogens (gonococci, chlamydia, etc.).
2. Opportunistic bacteria that are normally found in small quantities on the external genitalia and in the intestines, which under certain conditions penetrate the internal organs of the female reproductive system.

A common cause of acute inflammation of the appendages is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). And chronic forms of the disease with severe course are the result of the activity of opportunistic microflora (especially the intestinal group). The infection is often combined, that is, polymicrobial.

Predisposing factors for the development of inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy may be:

• diagnostic or therapeutic measures carried out through the cervical canal (transcervical);
• vaginitis when changing sexual partners;
• vaginosis after changes in sexual behavior.

Symptoms

In clinical practice, the development of purulent inflammatory processes in the uterine appendages in pregnant women and women in labor is rarely observed. Such situations are rare, but can occur in any trimester.

If the process is acute, purulent, then the symptoms during pregnancy are often disguised as acute appendicitis. This:

• pain (acute or worsening over several days) in the lower abdomen, involving the sacrum, lower back, inner thighs, and less commonly the rectum;
• bloody, bloody or pus-laced discharge;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• weakness, chills;
• frequent and painful urination;
• increased body temperature up to 38°C;
• pale skin with a grayish tint;
• pulse is frequent;
• headache;
• bloating.

With a non-purulent inflammatory process, the woman’s condition can be relatively satisfactory. No changes in temperature, skin color and mucous membranes, no symptoms of intoxication (nausea, vomiting).

Consequences of salpingitis during pregnancy

In a chronic process with the onset of pregnancy, an abscess may form at the site of the burst follicle during ovulation. This leads to insufficient production of progesterone by the “corpus luteum,” which is responsible for the preservation of nascent life in the first trimester. Inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy in the early stages can cause disruption of the implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus, and in later stages can cause a miscarriage.

Treatment

Acute inflammation of the uterine appendages should be treated only in a hospital setting. It is often accompanied by uterine bleeding and fetal rejection, which requires immediate medical attention. In this case, the woman undergoes curettage of the uterine cavity, is prescribed highly effective antibacterial drugs intravenously, immunostimulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physiotherapy (iontophoresis to achieve the maximum concentration of active substances at the site of inflammation).

Anti-inflammatory drugs approved for use with caution during pregnancy, such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, are ineffective for salpengitis. They can blur the clinical picture of the disease and lead to serious consequences, fetal rejection, peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum), even death.

In the absence of adequate treatment, purulent inflammatory foci in the appendages constantly form and each subsequent exacerbation is more severe than the previous one. Effective therapy allows you to preserve a woman’s reproductive health and childbearing function.

Video: Live healthy! Women's diseases. Inflammation of the appendages.

Sources

1. S.P. Sinchikhin, O.B. Mamiev, S.G. Magakyan, A.V. Burov, E.V. Pakhilova. Combination of pregnancy and acute purulent salpingitis (Clinical observation). Gynecology. 2008; 05: 58-59 Consilium Medicum portal: