Female genital discharge. Normal vaginal discharge in girls and women

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Vaginal discharge: causes and treatment depending on color, smell, consistency and other factors

Vaginal discharge: causes of its occurrence, as well as effective methods of treatment
Vaginal discharge are a fairly common condition that from time to time worries all representatives of the fair sex, without exception. In most cases, the occurrence of vaginal discharge causes fear in a woman. In fact, only a few can distinguish normal discharge from pathological ones. We note right away that vaginal discharge can be either odorless or odorless. Their color can vary from red-bloody to yellowish. Based on consistency, there are curdled, foamy, and jelly-like discharges. Along with their occurrence, a woman may also experience symptoms such as pain, itching, and irritation. After reading the information presented in this article, you will be able to familiarize yourself with the most common forms of vaginal discharge, as well as learn about methods of diagnosis and treatment of pathologies in which they occur. In addition, this article will provide information regarding the problem of vaginal discharge during pregnancy.

Does vaginal discharge always indicate the presence of a disease? In what cases is vaginal discharge considered normal?
Vaginal discharge can occur even in completely healthy women, and this condition is considered normal. Signs of healthy vaginal discharge include:

• Clear, liquid discharge ( jelly-like, mucus)
• Discharge without a noticeable odor
• A small amount of discharge
• Discharges that do not cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs
• Discharge not accompanied by an increase in body temperature, pain or discomfort in the genital area.

If a woman is completely healthy, then vaginal discharge most often resembles mucus in consistency, which is produced by the glands of the cervix. This type of discharge is considered to be normal, since with its help it is possible to cleanse the genital tract, as well as protect the genitals from the effects of certain infections. Both the amount of normal vaginal discharge and its consistency are determined not only by the general health of the fairer sex, but also by the phase of the menstrual cycle. For example, a particularly large amount of liquid vaginal discharge is observed as ovulation approaches.
An increase in the amount of this type of discharge in a normal state of health is also possible in the case of excessive sexual arousal, against the background of stress or the use of certain pharmaceuticals, due to changes in climatic conditions.
Quite a large amount of copious liquid discharge is also observed in pregnant women, and in the last months of pregnancy there is even more of it. The increase in their number during pregnancy is easy to explain. The fact is that during this period, an increase in the number of sex hormones occurs in a woman’s body.

Vaginal discharge - what can it be?
Below, readers will be presented with information regarding the most common forms of vaginal discharge, as well as the reasons that provoke their development.

Vaginal discharge of varying colors, smells and consistency
We already said a little higher that all healthy representatives of the fairer sex experience watery, transparent and colorless vaginal discharge. If they acquire a different consistency, a specific smell or some color, then, most likely, some kind of disease has settled in the woman’s body:

Bloody (red) vaginal discharge - is a signal that there is blood in the vaginal discharge. In most cases, this type of discharge occurs two to four days before the onset of menstruation, after which it turns into heavy discharge along with the onset of menstruation. It is worth noting that this type of discharge tends to occur several days after menstruation. If the discharge is not abundant, then it is better for the woman not to panic. This phenomenon is especially common in women who wear IUDs.
Quite often, spotting is blackish or brown in color, which indicates the fact of oxidation, as well as destruction of blood in the vagina.
There are also cases when a woman experiences spotting, which contains a small amount of blood. As a rule, perimenstrual bleeding does not have a specific odor.

Sometimes light spotting is observed at the time of ovulation, as well as in women who wear a spiral or use oral contraceptives. In the case of a constant occurrence of this phenomenon while wearing an intrauterine device or using contraceptives, it is necessary to discuss this fact with a gynecologist, having previously made an appointment with him.
If bloody vaginal discharge is in no way related to the menstrual cycle, then it can be considered a signal of the presence of some pathology.
In most cases, this type of discharge makes itself felt:

• For menstrual irregularities
• Endometriosis ( adenomyosis)
• Cancer or cervical erosion. In this case, the discharge is especially abundant after sexual intercourse.

If a woman experiences bloody vaginal discharge that is in no way related to menstruation, then she should immediately discuss this issue with her doctor.

As for sudden red discharge, it can be caused by an unexpected miscarriage in the first months of pregnancy. If an ectopic pregnancy develops, a woman experiences very strong, prolonged bleeding. If, in addition to discharge, a woman also exhibits some symptoms of pregnancy, then she should be immediately taken to the hospital.
Yellow and whitish vaginal discharge is especially often observed with the development of certain infectious pathologies that tend to be sexually transmitted. The yellow or whitish color is due to the accumulation of a huge number of leukocytes and microbes in the secretions.

Purulent vaginal discharge are observed in such infectious pathologies as chlamydia, trichomoniasis, thrush, gonorrhea and others. As a rule, this type of discharge also causes a feeling of discomfort in the genital area and itching. Sometimes women also complain of pain in the lumbar region or lower abdomen. During pregnancy, whitish, viscous vaginal discharge is considered to be a normal condition if the expectant mother does not experience other symptoms of the disease.

Curdled, foamy, thick vaginal discharge
A change in the consistency of vaginal discharge is also considered to be one of the clear signs of the presence of a particular pathology. We already said a little higher that normal discharge must be liquid, similar to mucus. If the discharge is white, cheesy or foamy, then most likely the woman has some kind of infectious disease.

Vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor
The appearance of vaginal discharge with a specific odor indicates the presence of an infectious pathology. The smell in this case can be either sour or rotten or reminiscent of the smell of fish. It occurs against the background of the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, which tend to decompose nutritional components, while releasing gases with a very unpleasant odor.

Vaginal discharge before and after sexual intercourse
At the moment of sexual arousal, the vaginal glands of the fair sex tend to intensively synthesize vaginal lubrication, so that a large amount of liquid transparent discharge, which is noted before and during sexual intercourse, is considered to be the norm. Women should not be afraid of the occurrence of thick, profuse discharge even after sexual intercourse. The fact is that if sexual intercourse took place without using a condom, then it is quite possible that in this way the vagina is trying to cleanse itself of sperm. In most cases, this type of discharge disappears in a fairly short period of time.
If a woman experiences spotting during or after sex, then most likely she has cervical erosion.
The appearance of yellow, purulent, white, gray or greenish discharge several days or weeks after sexual intercourse is considered to be a signal of the occurrence of some infectious disease.

Vaginal discharge as a symptom of infection
Vaginal discharge is considered to be a clear sign of the development of an infectious pathology of the genital tract in only a few cases. The largest number of pathologies in which vaginal discharge is noted are infectious and transmitted during sexual intercourse.
The most common causes of vaginal discharge include:

• Candidiasis ( thrush)
• Urogenital trichomoniasis

Urogenital trichomoniasis as a cause of vaginal discharge
Urogenital trichomoniasis is an inflammatory pathology of the genital tract of men and women, which is infectious in nature. This disease occurs as a result of exposure to a microorganism in the human body. Trichomonas vaginalis . Infection with this pathology occurs during sexual intercourse. A clear sign of the development of this disease is considered to be inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. In medicine, this condition is called vaginitis. If vaginitis develops, a woman experiences very strong foamy vaginal discharge with a very specific odor. With chronic vaginitis, the discharge becomes thick, yellow or white. In most cases, in addition to the discharge, the woman is also bothered by very severe itching in the external genital area.

Diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis
It is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis, taking into account only the presence of discharge and some other symptoms of this pathology.
To identify this pathology, studies such as:

• A cultural research method is the cultivation of colonies of microorganisms taken from the vagina on special nutrient media and their further study.
• Microscopic examination of unstained ( native) a smear taken from the vagina.
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction) research method involving the study of genetic material Trichomonas vaginalis .
• Microscopic examination of a stained vaginal smear. It is painted with special dyes.

Therapy for urogenital trichomoniasis is possible only if the woman has been given a truly accurate diagnosis of this pathology. Among the most effective medications used in the fight against this pathology are: Nimorazole, Metronidazole , Ornidazole, Tinidazole and others. It is very important that the treatment of this disease is carried out under the vigilant supervision of a doctor. Self-treatment in this case is not recommended, since this pathology can become chronic if not treated properly. As a rule, during therapy for urogenital trichomoniasis, vaginal discharge initially becomes weaker, and then disappears completely. It is also important to draw the attention of readers to the fact that the absence of discharge does not mean complete healing, so the course of treatment must be completed to the end. How long it will last will be determined by your attending physician.

Bacterial vaginosis as a reason contributing to the development of vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis is a very common pathology accompanied by discharge that has an unpleasant odor. This disease occurs as a result of a very strong growth of bacteria directly on the vaginal mucosa. In a healthy state, these bacteria are also present in the vagina, but only in very small quantities. These can be counted as Peptococcus, so Gerdenerella vaginalis , Bacteroides and others. With the development of this pathology, a woman experiences white vaginal discharge with a fishy odor. To make a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, information about the presence of discharge alone is not enough.

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis involves the use of such research methods as:

• pH-metry, or detection of the acidity of the vaginal environment. In a normal state, the vagina has an acidic environment, but in the case of bacterial vaginosis, it becomes alkaline.

As soon as the diagnosis is made, the doctor will immediately prescribe an effective treatment for this disease.

Therapy for bacterial vaginosis involves the use of local drugs, namely:

• Vaginal suppositories clindamycin ( one hundred milligrams) – must be inserted into the vagina once a day for six days.
• Metronidazole gel seventy-five percent - must be inserted into the vagina once a day for five days.

There are also cases when systemic medications are used in the fight against this pathology:

• Ornisid forte should be taken orally five hundred milligrams in the morning and evening for five days.
• Clindamycin Take three hundred milligram capsules in the morning and evening for seven days.
• Metronidazole(Trichopolum) in the form of tablets of two hundred and fifty milligrams. You should take two tablets morning and evening for seven days.

Urogenital candidiasis (thrush) as a cause contributing to the occurrence of vaginal discharge
Urogenital candidiasis is an inflammatory pathology of the genital organs in women and men, resulting from exposure to fungi of the genus Candida. In women with the development of this disease, white thick discharge is observed. In addition, they may experience discomfort and itching in the genital area. Quite often, this disease also causes pain and cramping during urination.

Diagnosis of thrush involves the use of the following research methods:

• Examination under a microscope of unstained smears taken from the vagina.
• Examination under a microscope of smears taken from the vagina stained with special dyes.
• Mycological study, which involves the detection of the type of fungus that provoked the development of urogenital candidiasis.

Therapy for urogenital candidiasis is determined by the pathogenesis of the disease: if a woman experiences infrequent exacerbations of this disease, then to combat it she is prescribed medications such as:

• Clotrimazole vaginal tablets two hundred milligrams - must be inserted into the vagina once a day for three days.
• Clotrimazole vaginal cream one percent should be inserted into the vagina once a day for seven to fourteen days.
• Isoconazole– vaginal suppositories of six hundred milligrams. It is recommended to insert into the vagina once.

If exacerbations of urogenital candidiasis occur more than four times a year, and the woman experiences very strong, thick white discharge, then systemic medications in tablet form are used:

• Itraconazole (Irunin, Orungal) should be taken two hundred milligrams once a day for three days.
• Fluconazole ( Diflucan, Flucostat, Mikomax) - used according to several treatment regimens: one hundred and fifty milligrams once, or one hundred milligrams on the first, fourth, and seventh day of therapy.

Local therapy for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system not only allows the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, but also inevitably leads to an imbalance in the beneficial microflora of the vagina and a decrease in local immunity. If you do not quickly restore the lactoflora, activation of opportunistic microflora is possible, which will lead to an exacerbation of thrush or bacterial infections. For the same reason, antifungal therapy for vaginal candidiasis may not be effective enough. Therefore, it is important, after the first stage of treatment aimed at eliminating the infection, to carry out the second stage - to restore the balance of beneficial microflora with the help of Lactozhinal capsules. This is the only tribiotic drug registered in the Russian Federation. Laktozhinal quickly restores the pH and microflora of the vagina and protects for a long time from re-exacerbation of bacterial vaginosis and thrush. Two-step therapy has recently become the gold standard for the treatment of conditions accompanied by pathological discharge. Many experts are confident that only this method can provide a pronounced and long-term therapeutic effect, strengthen local immunity, which serves as the prevention of subsequent exacerbations.

In the fight against severe forms of this pathology, rather complex combinations and regimens of antifungal medications are used, which are prescribed to the patient by his attending physician.
Self-medication for any of the above ailments is impossible. Sometimes vaginal discharge is the result of several infectious pathologies at once. Under such circumstances, a course of therapy can only be prescribed by a specialist, and then only after he has the results of all the necessary studies.

Vaginal discharge during pregnancy
Vaginal discharge is especially alarming to expectant mothers, since during this period they are responsible not only for themselves, but also for the child. In fact, every pregnant woman should pay special attention to the nature of vaginal discharge in order to “sound the alarm” at the right time.

Discharge in early pregnancy
A little higher, we said that copious clear discharge in the first months of pregnancy, which is not endowed with a specific odor, is normal.
If a woman experiences bloody discharge during this period, then this may serve as a signal of an unexpected miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.
Whitish or purulent vaginal discharge in the early stages of pregnancy is considered to be a sign of the development of one or another infectious pathology.

Discharge in late pregnancy
In the second trimester of pregnancy, in a healthy pregnant woman, vaginal discharge may acquire a thicker and more viscous consistency. This phenomenon is normal. If vaginal discharge is bloody, this may serve as a signal of the onset of premature labor or miscarriage, so in such cases, emergency hospitalization of the expectant mother is recommended. Brown vaginal discharge in late pregnancy quite often occurs due to minor bleeding from the vessels of the cervix. In this case, a pregnant woman should also visit a doctor.

When should you see a doctor for vaginal discharge?

Every woman and girl can have normal and pathological vaginal discharge. Normal discharge is caused by natural physiological processes occurring in the body, and therefore is not a sign of pathology and does not require visiting a doctor. But pathological discharge is caused by various diseases, so if they appear, you need to consult a doctor. Accordingly, in order to understand when you need to see a doctor for vaginal discharge, you need to know which discharge is pathological and which is normal.

Normal discharge is small in volume, translucent, transparent or whitish in color, watery, creamy or jelly-like consistency, with a slight sour odor. Normal discharge does not irritate the genitals and does not cause discomfort, itching, redness or swelling. Also, normal discharge does not emit a strong or unpleasant odor (for example, fishy odor, strong sour odor, etc.).

In addition, slight bloody or brownish discharge 2 to 4 days before and after menstruation is considered normal. Light spotting for several days during ovulation is also considered normal.

Bloody discharge not before or after menstruation, and also not during ovulation, is considered pathological. In addition, discharge of a greenish, yellowish, grayish, earthy color, containing impurities of pus, blood, flakes, bubbles, having a cheesy or other heterogeneous consistency, emitting an unpleasant pungent odor or causing itching, burning, swelling, redness and discomfort in the genital area, is pathological. organs.

Which doctor should I contact if I have pathological vaginal discharge?

For any pathological discharge, a woman should consult a doctor obstetrician-gynecologist (make an appointment). If the discharge causes discomfort, itching, redness, burning or swelling in the genital area, the woman can contact an obstetrician-gynecologist or venereologist (make an appointment), since such symptoms indicate the presence of an infectious-inflammatory process, which can be treated by both a gynecologist and a venereologist.

If, within two weeks after intercourse, the nature of the discharge changes, impurities of pus, mucus, flakes or bubbles appear in it, they turn greenish, yellowish, grayish or earthy in color, and begin to emit an unpleasant odor, then the woman can also consult a venereologist or a gynecologist, since such discharge indicates infection with an infectious disease.

What tests can doctors prescribe for vaginal discharge?

The list of tests and examinations that a doctor may prescribe for vaginal discharge depends on the nature of the discharge, accompanying symptoms and the results of the gynecological examination.

First of all, for any type of discharge, the doctor prescribes a gynecological bimanual examination (by hand) and examination of the tissues of the vagina and cervix in the speculum. These studies are considered routine and are carried out without fail when a woman goes to a medical facility regarding vaginal discharge of any nature.

Further, if there is quite heavy bleeding (blood discharge, as during menstruation, in the same or greater quantities), the doctor usually prescribes ultrasound examination (ultrasound) (sign up) and/or separate diagnostic scraping (sign up). Moreover, an ultrasound is performed first, and if the ultrasound results reveal a neoplasm in the uterus (for example, fibroids, polyps, etc.) or endometriosis, then separate diagnostic curettage is not performed, since it is not necessary. In such a situation, if a neoplasm is detected, the doctor may prescribe hysteroscopy (make an appointment) or suggest surgery to remove the formation. If endometriosis is detected, the doctor prescribes a determination of the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in the woman’s blood. In addition, in some cases, diagnostic tests are prescribed for endometriosis. laparoscopy (make an appointment). If ultrasound results reveal endometrial hyperplasia, miscarriage, etc. against the background of bleeding, then curettage is prescribed.

If the bleeding is minor or is of the nature of bloodstaining, then during the examination the doctor will determine the condition of the cervix and vaginal tissue. If there is damage to the cervix, for example, erosion, injury from an intrauterine device or other object, then colposcopy (sign up) for itching, burning, swelling, redness and discomfort in the genital area) the doctor always prescribes first flora smear (sign up), which allows you to identify a number of the following infectious diseases: candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis (bacterial vaginosis), gonorrhea (sign up). These sexually transmitted infections are the most common compared to others, and therefore at the first stage the doctor does not prescribe more expensive and complex tests, because a simple smear on the flora allows them to be detected.

If, based on the results of the smear, it was possible to identify candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis or gonorrhea, then the doctor can go in two ways - either immediately prescribe treatment, or take a smear from the vagina for bacteriological and mycological culture to determine which antibiotics and antifungal agents will be most destructive in relation to the infectious agent present in a particular case. If the immediately prescribed treatment turns out to be ineffective, the doctor prescribes bacteriological or mycological culture.

If, according to the results of the smear, no infectious agents were detected, but there is a picture of inflammation, then the doctor prescribes more complex tests to identify pathogenic microbes. Usually, first of all, an analysis of vaginal discharge is prescribed for the presence of Trichomonas and gonococci using the PCR method and blood test for syphilis (treponema pallidum) (sign up), since these are the pathogens that occur most often. If the results of the analysis reveal any, then treatment is prescribed.

If gonococci, Trichomonas or Treponema pallidum are not detected, then ureaplasma test (sign up), chlamydia (sign up), mycoplasma (sign up), gardnerella, bacteroides. Tests for these pathogens can be different - bacteriological culture, PCR, ELISA and various methods of collecting and staining vaginal smears. The choice of analysis is made by the doctor and depends mainly on the technical capabilities of the medical institution or on the financial capabilities of the patient, since the most accurate tests most often have to be taken in private laboratories for a fee.

If the test results reveal the absence of trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, candidiasis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and gardnerellosis, but there is an inflammatory process in the genitals, then the doctor may prescribe tests for the presence of viruses - herpes virus types 1 and 2, human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, which can also provoke inflammation in the female genital organs.

Pregnant women who suspect leakage of amniotic fluid are usually prescribed a vaginal smear test for scales. In addition, there are pharmacy, ready-to-use tests for leakage of amniotic fluid, which are similar in principle to pregnancy tests. A pregnant woman can use such tests independently. Otherwise, when inflammatory vaginal discharge appears, pregnant women are prescribed the same tests as non-pregnant women. And if bleeding occurs during pregnancy, women are sent to the hospital for examination, since in such a situation they can be a sign of pregnancy complications.

What does discharge in early pregnancy tell you?

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

- This is a natural process of the genitourinary system, consistency and color may vary depending on the menstrual cycle. The main thing is that there is no foreign smell or discomfort. A radical change in the color of the secreted fluid, up to a black secretion, the appearance of a pungent odor and painful sensations indicate the development of serious diseases.

The uncharacteristic color and pungent odor of the discharge should alert you

Normal discharge in women

The constant presence of secretions from the vagina is a physiological process that is the norm. In a healthy woman, discharge can change color, consistency and abundance depending on the menstrual cycle.

The following types of vaginal secretions are considered natural:

• transparent, mucous consistency, moderate amount, profuseness appears before ovulation, and in the middle of the cycle, the vaginal fluid is yellowish and watery;
• discharge similar to cream or jelly appears in large quantities at the beginning of the menstrual cycle;
• minimal secretion of jelly-like or creamy secretion is a feature of the 2nd half of the menstrual period;
• liquid white or transparent - may appear in a woman after sexual intercourse;
• leucorrhoea with bloody streaks is observed before the onset of ovulation;
• Brown vaginal secretions are possible when you start taking hormonal-based contraceptive medications.

Clear discharge appears before ovulation

During pregnancy, white or colorless, odorless discharge should be normal. During the entire period of gestation, their quantity can vary from scanty to abundant.

The main condition for white, transparent, pink or brown discharge is the absence of an extraneous foul odor. The consistency may change, thickness and abundance too, but normal vaginal secretions in healthy girls and women never smell rotten or fishy.

What types of discharge are there?

Unnatural secretion from the female organs is a symptom of inflammatory or infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Vaginal discharge that has an uncharacteristic odor, color and consistency is considered pathological.

Highlights by color

The norm for discharge is white (uniform consistency, moderate amount) or transparent color. If the fluid from the vagina becomes cloudy and also contains impurities of pus or blood, we are talking about serious disorders in the reproductive system.

Table “Types of vaginal discharge by color”

View	Causes
Yellow	Inflammation in the genitals (andexide, salpingitis)
	Foci of inflammation in the mucous tissues of the vagina (vaginitis)
	Infections of sexually transmitted etiology – chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis.
Greens	Bacterial vaginosis. Depending on the degree of the disease, the secretion may change shade from light green to dark
	Trichomoniasis
	Gonorrhea
	Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs
White discharge (copious, with an unpleasant odor)	Vaginitis
	Inflammation of the internal genital organs
	Negative reaction to intimate hygiene products
	Long-term antibiotic therapy
	Washing out healthy vaginal flora - happens when douching
	Weakening of the tone of the intimate muscles (prolapse of the vaginal walls)
	Insufficient physical activity
Bloody	Seals in the uterus of a benign or oncological nature - fibroma, sarcoma, cancer
	Cervical nodes and damage to the mucous membrane of the cervical canal - endometritis, adenomyosis, erosion. Depending on the severity of the disease, the discharge may be pink, orange, brown or dark, even black.
	Growths on the genitals - papillomas, warts - can provoke scarlet and even brown discharge
	Infection in the intimate area
	Damage to the vaginal mucosa during sexual intercourse. The reason may be a very poor secret
	Incorrect selection of contraceptive medications
	The period after an abortion – brown or pink discharge is possible
	Decay of reproductive function. When menopause occurs, small red discharge appears at different times
Black (discharge with thick dark clots)	Problems in the normal functioning of the endocrine system or metabolic disorders
	Advanced infectious inflammation in the female organs
	Endometrial growth outside the uterus
	Unexpected changes in weight (sudden weight loss or gain)
	Stress experienced
	Hormonal imbalance
Gray	Dysbacteriosis, inflammation is absent. Possible itching and burning in the genitals

A change in the color of vaginal discharge is the first sign of inflammation and pathologies in the reproductive organs. If, in addition to the unnatural shade, the discharge has become much larger, the consistency has changed, and the woman feels pain, pain in the lower abdomen and itching in the intimate area, she should immediately go to the gynecologist.

By smell

Natural, healthy vaginal fluid is virtually odorless. The appearance of a stench is a sign of inflammation that occurs as a result of a bacterial infection or disease in the pelvic organs.

Pathology can be identified by a specific smell:

1. A sour odor from the vagina may appear after a change in sexual partner or be a consequence of changes in the microflora due to stress, hormonal disorders, or decreased immunity. If the stench is accompanied by milky or curd discharge with white lumps, this is thrush. A greenish or yellowish tint of leucorrhoea with an odor is a symptom of sexually transmitted diseases.
2. Putrefactive - most often accompanies inflammation in the vaginal mucosa (colpitis) and in the genitourinary organs (gardnerellosis). Advanced pathologies in the uterus and cervical canal can also manifest as purulent and sanguineous discharge.
3. A rotten fishy smell is present when dysbacteriosis develops in the genitals. The stench is sharp and persistent, especially after sexual intercourse, and the discharge is thick, with a grayish tint. The development of acute inflammation due to the entry of anaerobic bacteria into the genitourinary system is also characterized by the rotten smell of the discharge.
4. The smell of iron from the vagina appears with erosions of the cervix. Vaginal secretions often contain streaks of blood after sexual intercourse. This occurs due to mechanical trauma to the endometrium.
5. The smell of acetone or vinegar is common in women with diabetes. A stench may also indicate a lack of fluid in the body, disruptions in metabolic processes, a genitourinary infection or hormonal imbalance.

Fungal infections and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the vaginal microflora are indicated by discharge, the stench of which resembles garlic, onions or yeast. But a sweetish smell is not a pathology and most often occurs due to excessive consumption of sweet fruits, chocolates, and marshmallows.

By consistency and structure

In addition to smell and color, discharge changes its structure and consistency at different times of the menstrual cycle. In its normal state, it is a watery and liquid secretion. In the middle of the cycle, the consistency becomes mucous or jelly-like, sometimes like snot. If negative changes begin to occur in the genitourinary system, the discharge changes its character, based on the specific pathology.

1. Thick, curdled vaginal fluid with flaky or granular lumps is observed with thrush.
2. Abundant foamy discharge occurs with sexually transmitted diseases (trichomoniasis). The mucus is viscous and stretchy.
3. A scanty, creamy, yellowish fluid is characteristic of gonorrhea.
4. Sticky, dirty mucus, which has an adhesive and thread-like consistency, accompanies acute colpitis, advanced inflammation of the cervix, infection with staphylococcus, E. coli.
5. Severe gelatinous, mushy or stringy leucorrhoea from the female organs is a sign of endocervicitis. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix can occur with purulent secretion and bloody streaks.

Very scanty or dry discharge is observed during menopause. In this case, a small amount of blood may be present in the secretion. What normal and atypical discharge looks like is shown in the photo.

Normal female discharge

Which doctor should I contact?

In case of pathological changes in the structure and consistency of vaginal secretions or the appearance of an odor, you should consult a doctor. Problems of the genitourinary system in women.

After examination and thorough diagnosis, you may need to consult other highly specialized specialists:

• (for venereal pathologies);
• (if a cyst or tumor develops);
• (when the abundance and smell of discharge are associated with allergic reactions of the body).

If bad discharge is observed in girls before adolescence, you should contact a pediatric gynecologist or.

Diagnostics

To determine the cause of discharge with an unpleasant odor and consistency, the gynecologist prescribes a comprehensive examination:

• visual and internal gynecological examination;
• a smear from the vagina, urethra and cervix;
• Ultrasound of the genitourinary system;
• colposcopy;
• general blood analysis.

Clotrimazole is an antifungal agent

The drugs are selected by a specialist individually for each patient. All the characteristics of the body, the nuances of the disease and the degree of neglect are taken into account.

Prevention

Normal discharge largely depends on the hygiene and lifestyle of the woman. To prevent the appearance of atypical leucorrhoea, it is necessary to follow simple preventive measures.

1. Daily intimate hygiene in the morning and evening with moderate use of special products and minimizing douching.
2. Intelligibility in intimate life. The fewer sexual partners, the lower the risk of disruption of the vaginal microflora and infection.
3. Using contraception with an unfamiliar sexual partner.
4. Correct selection of hormonal contraceptives.
5. Active lifestyle, moderate physical activity, minimizing stress and emotional exhaustion.
6. Timely treatment of inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs.

Maintain intimate hygiene twice a day

Proper nutrition (fruits, vegetables, herbs, dairy products), drinking enough liquid, wearing natural underwear and minimizing bad habits - all this helps maintain healthy microflora in the vagina.

Leucorrhoea, a clear secretion or mucus, like snot in moderate quantities and odorless, secreted by women is a normal phenomenon. If the color changes from cloudy to dark, becomes thick, cheesy, foamy and is accompanied by a stench, we are talking about pathologies in the pelvic organs. Timely consultation with a doctor and high-quality diagnosis help prevent serious complications and quickly eliminate pathology.

Bacteriological study of microflora is a simple and effective analysis that allows you to detect pathogenic microflora in various systems. The microflora culture method is common in the gynecological, urological, oncological and surgical fields; it is also effectively used by dermatologists, gastroenterologists and otolaryngologists.

Bacterial culture helps identify pathogenic microflora

What does culture test for microflora show?

Bacterial culture is a laboratory analysis that allows you to obtain accurate information about the microflora of a specific organ or system in the body.

This study makes it possible to detect pathogenic microorganisms:

• E. coli;
• Trichomonas;
• chlamydia;
• staphylococcus;
• streptococcus;
• Pneumococcus;
• gonococcus;
• salmonella;
• listeria;
• gardenella;
• candida fungus.

Bacterial culture reveals pathogenic microorganisms, for example, chlamydia

Bakposev helps to detect nonspecific growth of microflora, helps to identify the exact number of pathogenic bacteria, and also to create an antibiogram. The test takes into account the sensitivity of microorganisms to certain antibiotics.

Indications for testing

Bacterial culture is required for the following indications:

1. Blood culture is used for fevers, chills, and suspected intravascular infections. Blood cultures for sterility are also common.
2. Stool examination is used to determine dysbiosis in cases where a simple stool analysis does not reveal the causative agent of the infection.
3. Bacterial examination of urine is carried out for infections of the genitourinary system and urinary tract: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, etc.
4. Sputum collection is required when diagnosing diseases of the lower respiratory tract, as well as tuberculosis.
5. A smear from the ENT organs is taken for inflammatory bacterial diseases of the ear, upper and lower respiratory tract.
6. Analysis of the urethra in men reveals sexually transmitted diseases, infectious diseases of the reproductive system and causes of infertility.
7. Vaginal analysis is done in gynecology for inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system, for infertility, and also during pregnancy planning.

Culture test for cystitis

Preparing for bacterial sowing

In order for the results of a bacterial study to be accurate and informative, it is necessary to follow the rules for preparing for the analysis. These rules vary depending on the organ receiving the material.

1-2 days before taking a smear from the vagina or cervical canal, women should not:

• have sex;
• douche;
• use gels and soaps for intimate hygiene;
• use vaginal forms of drugs;
• wash in the bathroom.

Do not use intimate hygiene gels before taking a vaginal smear

Before the procedure, you should not wash your face, and it is also advisable not to urinate in the last 2-3 hours before the procedure.

To take a smear from the urethra in men, the following preparation is required:

• stop taking medications prohibited by your urologist within a week;
• exclude sexual contacts for 2 days;
• in the evening before the examination, thoroughly wash the genitals;
• 2-3 hours before the collection, try not to empty your bladder.

When inoculating flora from the oral cavity, you should:

• do not use antibiotics for a week;
• give up antimicrobial sprays and rinses in 2-3 days;
• do not eat in the morning before the examination;
• do not drink 2 hours before the test;
• do not brush your teeth, do not gargle.

Before taking bacterial cultures from the oral cavity, you should not brush your teeth.

Sperm collection for analysis requires:

• abstaining from sex for 5-7 days;
• giving up alcoholic beverages for 3-4 days;
• ban on antibiotics for 2 weeks;
• careful hygiene of the genital organs before collecting material.

Submitting feces and urine for bacterial culture requires careful hygiene of the relevant organs and maximum sterility when collecting material. Women should not take tests during menstruation: the presence of blood impurities in the test material will distort the result.

When analyzing nasal microflora, the use of nasal sprays, drops and ointments should be avoided 3-4 hours before taking a smear.

Collecting sputum, blood and ear smears do not require special preparation: for these tests it is enough not to use antibiotics a week before the test.

How is bacteriological research carried out?

For bacterial culture, various secretions from the human body are taken:

• sputum;
• sperm;
• blood;
• urine;
• mucus from the upper respiratory tract;
• discharge from the cervical canal, vagina;
• pus;
• contents of wounds, ulcers and erosions.

Material is collected from the genital, urinary, digestive and ENT organs, as well as from the skin.

The method of conducting a bacteriological examination depends on the sampling organ: a smear from the ENT organs is obtained faster and easier than material from the urethra or vagina.

Every woman has had such a case when, during her next visit to the toilet or bathroom, you noticed an unusual color of discharge on your panties or pad, and usually this is always followed by the question: “Is the discharge normal?” As a result, a woman begins to have a lot of other questions: “Maybe it’s because of the time of year?” or “What did I eat this week?”, or maybe “I think this is after sex?” and many many similar questions. Remember, write your question in the comments and we will definitely answer it!

The comforting news is that many colors are considered completely normal. Even if everything is fine with you, you still need an answer to what do all these colors mean?

Don’t worry, because at your request, we interviewed many doctors and formulated an answer for each color, a kind of “COLOR GUIDE” to discharge.

This is your helpful color guide to all things vaginal discharge.

Discharge Egg white transparent

Clear, clear discharge, which may also be whitish in color, is usually normal. They may have the consistency of egg white. This happens to make it easier for sperm to penetrate or clear the old egg from the uterus so that the body can rebalance itself because your vagina is an amazing, self-cleaning organ.

Causes of clear discharge

Ovulation: Around day 14 of your cycle? You are probably ovulating, meaning you ovulate and your body produces cervical fluid (mucus).

Pregnancy: Pregnancy can also cause hormone changes and increased discharge.

Sexual arousal: The blood vessels in your vagina dilate and fluid passes through them, causing an increase in clear, watery discharge. Completely normal.

Discharge is creamy and milky white

Various white shades of discharge, ranging from eggshell to creamy, may be normal. If your discharge isn't accompanied by certain textures or odors, there's no need to worry.

Causes of creamy white discharge

Vaginal lubrication: white discharge occurs due to many reasons such as clear and cream colored discharge. It's simply a natural lubricant that keeps your vaginal tissue healthy and minimizes friction during sex.

Discharge ranging from pale yellow to neon green

Light yellow discharge is considered more or less normal than pale yellow and yellow-green discharge.

Causes of yellow-green discharge

Look at your diet or any supplements you may be taking: this color is usually a sign of infection, but if you know you are in good condition (as is the case with a one-time occurrence), what you eat can affect the color. Some people have reported to us that color changes occur when they take new vitamins or try certain foods.

Discharge ranging from bloody to brown

Red or brown, bloody discharge is normal during your period. Colors can range from cherry red at the beginning of your period to a rusty brown. But if you see red throughout the month, it could be a sign of a health problem or infection.

Causes of red or brown discharge

Irregular menstrual cycle or spotting: Some women simply have irregular periods and spotting. Other women experience spotting because of their birth control method, such as taking birth control, or it could be hormonal changes.

Pale pink discharge

Pink discharge, ranging from a very light red to a deep sunset pink, is often just a sign that your period has begun. But at other times it can be a sign of a serious health problem.

Causes of pink discharge

Sexual intercourse or simply Sex. Some women may occasionally experience light bleeding after intercourse, which may result in a pink discharge.

Bog-gray discharge

When the white discharge turns into gray discharge, such as the color of clouds or exhaust fumes, consult a doctor. This could be a sign of bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is considered a very common infection in women. Your doctor will likely prescribe antibacterial ointments or oral antibiotics.

So, when should I see a doctor?

If you are worried about the color of the discharge, the amount or other symptoms, do not worry as your body informs you about everything that is happening to you. It will send some pretty specific clues, such as itching, pain and burning during urination, to tell you the importance of getting examined by a gynecologist soon.
Be sure to make an appointment with your doctor at any time if your discharge is accompanied by these symptoms:

• burning, when urinating
• strong, unpleasant odor
• foamy texture of discharge
• thick, cheesy texture
• vaginal bleeding
• grey colour
• bleeding not associated with menstruation

Here are the potential medical problems for each color:

Sometimes problems such as gonorrhea or chlamydia can be eliminated depending on your situation. Getting tested is always a good and important decision if you cannot determine the cause or are unsure about your health.

Conclusion

You might not always think about it, but vaginal discharge is pretty amazing. Since healthy secretions keep a woman's vagina clean, protect against infections and provide lubrication. It changes with your body's needs. For example, the secretion increases during sex to prevent discomfort and irritation, and thickens during ovulation to help sperm on its way to the egg.

It is also important to keep in mind that the range of shades and amounts of vaginal discharge is considered normal and varies from person to person. That's why we've created this color guide to show you just how wild and vast this range can be.

Also, don't forget that your vaginal discharge is also a reflection of your health. Watch for discharge that occurs unexpectedly, which may be a sign of infection or illness. If your discharge changes significantly in color, consistency, quantity, or smell, you may want to make an appointment with your gynecologist. Likewise, if your discharge is accompanied by itching or pain in the pelvic area, it's time to see a doctor.

Normally, a healthy woman produces a small amount of vaginal secretion every day. This is a mucous discharge that may vary in thickness.

It is formed due to the secretion of the glands of the vestibule of the vagina, cervix, and endometrium. Microorganisms that form the biocenosis of the vagina participate in the formation of fluid.

During certain periods of life, the amount of vaginal discharge may increase. Sometimes they change color, consistency and smell, and become pathological.

Why do the discharge change?

Vaginal discharge becomes more abundant under the influence of estrogen. This is clearly noticeable during the period of ovulation, when there is more fluid, but it resembles clear, light mucus or egg white. This is normal.

Sexual arousal dilates blood vessels, increases blood flow to the pelvic organs. Some of the plasma sweats from the capillaries into the vagina. At the same time, the discharge becomes larger and more liquid. Sometimes an increase in secretion is noticed before the onset of menstruation.

During pregnancy, under the influence of hormones, the amount of discharge also increases; it can be white, creamy, viscous, but does not cause irritation and is not accompanied by itching and burning. There should be no inflammatory changes in the smears.

Pathological leucorrhoea has other characteristics:

1. 1 Color changes from transparent to white, sometimes with other shades.
2. 2 The consistency becomes viscous, liquid, foamy.
3. 3 The quantity increases in different proportions, sometimes there are a lot of them.
4. 4 A foreign odor may appear (pronounced sour, rotten).
5. 5 Based on the physical properties of leucorrhoea, it can be assumed which microorganism provoked the disease.

White discharge in women is observed more often than others. The main reasons for their occurrence are changes in hormonal levels (early pregnancy, ovulation, etc.), infection (cervicitis), erosion and ectopia of the cervix.

2. Candidiasis

This fungal infection is the most likely cause of white discharge. Most often they resemble cottage cheese, thick and grainy, but can be slimy and viscous, odorless. Additional symptoms are itching and burning in the vagina and urethra.

3. Bacterial vaginosis

Grayish-white, viscous discharge, sometimes with a yellow tint, is observed with.

6. Ectopia and erosion of the cervix

These diseases are also often accompanied by copious light, transparent or white discharge; their amount naturally increases before menstruation, after sexual intercourse and during ovulation.

A woman often experiences intermenstrual bleeding and experiences slight bleeding after sex (additional trauma to the epithelium is accompanied by the appearance of brown and creamy discharge).

These pathologies require mandatory observation by a gynecologist, diagnosis and timely treatment (electrocoagulation, laser coagulation, cryodestruction or conization).

7. Additional signs

White discharge is not a single symptom of the disease. They are often accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. 1 Itching in the intimate area of ​​varying intensity. Sometimes it appears before copious discharge. With candidiasis and trichomoniasis, itching is observed more often than with bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasmosis.
2. 2 Swelling and redness are signs of an inflammatory reaction.
3. 3 Increased bleeding. In inflamed mucous membranes, vessels are easily damaged, slight bleeding appears after sexual intercourse, gynecological examination, and so on.
4. 4 The smell may also change. Normal female discharge is odorless, less often slightly sour. With candidiasis, the sour smell becomes more pronounced and pungent. Gardnerellosis is accompanied by an unpleasant fishy odor. A sharp, heavy odor is observed with purulent inflammation (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis).

The appearance of white vaginal discharge may be accompanied by dyspareunia - painful sensations during sexual intercourse. They are also observed during examination. Pelvic pain occurs when the upper floor organs (the mucous membrane of the uterus, appendages) are involved in the inflammatory process.

Dysuric disorders mean involvement of the urethra and bladder (urethritis and cystitis).

A change in the nature of discharge due to a delay in menstruation may be the first sign of pregnancy.

8. Diagnostic methods

The described symptoms are the main reason for visiting a gynecologist. Before the inspection, he must find out:

1. 1 Time of appearance of leucorrhoea.
2. 2 Was this preceded by unprotected sexual intercourse, a change of partner, and so on.
3. 3 Intensity of discharge.
4. 4 Additional complaints (itching and burning, soreness, cycle disorders, frequent painful urination, etc.)
5. 5 The presence of odor in an intimate place and its intensification during hygiene procedures, after sex.
6. 6 Intensity of pelvic pain.
7. 7 Have you done any treatment yourself? This may impair diagnosis.

Then an examination is carried out on the chair. It is carried out even during menstruation. Girls with pathological discharge should be examined in the presence of their parents. Girls who have not had sexual relations are examined bimanually through the rectum. Examination of the vagina is performed without mirrors, so as not to damage the hymen.

During the examination, attention is paid to the condition of the mucous membrane, its swelling and hyperemia. White plaque can be tightly attached to the walls of the vagina, and when you try to separate it with a spatula, bleeding occurs. Such symptoms are characteristic of candidiasis.

The main stage of diagnosis is. This technique allows you to identify fungi, gardnerella, trichomonas, gonococci and prescribe appropriate treatment. In some cases, bacterial culture and PCR diagnostics are required (complex real-time PCR, Femoflor test).

9. How can I treat it?

The correct treatment tactics depend on the causative agent of the infection:

1. 1 Vulvovaginal candidiasis should be treated with antifungal agents. If the vaginal opening is very itchy, you can eliminate the itching using local remedies. To treat thrush, suppositories are most often used: Clotrimazole, Pimafucin, Miconazole, Butoconazole. Fluconazole (Difluzon, Diflucan, Flucostat) can be used internally.
2. 2 Bacterial vaginosis must be treated with antibacterial drugs. Metronidazole (Trichopol), Tinidazole are effective. They are used in the form of tablets (orally, orally) or in vaginal form (gel, vaginal suppositories, capsules).
3. 3 For trichomoniasis, Metronidazole, Ornidazole, Tinidazole are prescribed. Both sexual partners should undergo treatment. Trichomonas vaginitis often becomes chronic and then recurs. Therefore, the effectiveness of treatment must be confirmed using PCR 30 days after the end of the course.
4. 4 For chlamydia and mycoplasmosis, the most effective are macrolides (Josamycin, Azithromycin) and Doxycycline (Unidox Solutab, course - 1 week).
5. 5 Vaginitis and cervicitis caused by opportunistic bacteria are treated with vaginal suppositories, gels containing broad-spectrum antibiotics (Poliginax, Terzhinan, Clindamycin) and antiseptics (Hexicon, Fluomizin, Betadine). The average course duration is 7-10 days.

After a course of antibiotics and antimycotics, it is recommended to restore the balance of the vaginal microflora. In case of recurrent candidiasis, it is necessary to isolate a culture of fungi, determine their sensitivity to drugs, look for the cause of decreased immunity and eliminate it.

The nature of vaginal discharge directly depends on the condition of the reproductive organs. If inflammatory or infectious processes begin to develop in them, this immediately leads to a change in their consistency, color and smell. And it is very important to pay attention to such changes in time to prevent the development of serious complications. And in order to understand what signs may indicate the occurrence of pathologies, you first need to know exactly what there arenormal discharge in women, because their character can also change under the influence of certain physiological conditions.

Natural secretions

Talking about what kind of discharge should there be?in women, it should be noted that normal vaginal secretion consists of:

• Dead epithelial cells.
• Leukocytes.
• Mucus produced by the gonads.

It is for this reason that vaginal secretions have a mucous consistency. However, it is produced in very small quantities and is practically invisible to a woman. As for the color of the discharge, it can be white, transparent or milky. Depending on external factors, the level of leukocytes in them constantly increases and decreases, as a result of which the vaginal secretion periodically changes its color.

Important! Speaking about what kind of vaginal discharge a healthy woman should have, it should be said that their appearance should not be accompanied by a specific smell or burning sensation in the vagina, since these signs always indicate the development of pathological conditions.

However, the nature of the discharge depends not only on the level of leukocytes in it, but also on the hormonal background, the change of which occurs several times during one menstrual cycle. The first time a hormonal surge is observed immediately after menstruation and is characterized by increased production of progesterone. It is under its influence that the follicle matures. And when it reaches full maturity, ovulation occurs, during which an egg is released from the follicle.

In addition, progesterone helps to thin the cervical mucus, which is why in the middle of the cycle a woman may notice an increase in vaginal discharge (it can even become like water in consistency). Moreover, they may also contain ichor, which occurs as a result of rupture of the follicle and damage to its small capillaries. However, it is observed, as a rule, not for long - only a couple of hours.

If during the period of ovulation a woman did not engage in unprotected sexual intercourse and fertilization of the egg did not occur, then the production of progesterone decreases and instead of it, estrogen begins to be actively produced, which prepares the ovaries and uterus for the upcoming menstruation. It becomes especially active a few days before the start of menstruation. At the same time, women experience not only abundant mucous discharge, but also bloody streaks, the volume of which gradually increases, after which menstruation begins.

And talking aboutWhat is the normal vaginal discharge in women?, it should be noted that regardless of the physiological processes occurring in the body, they do not smell of anything, do not cause irritation and do not require the use of sanitary pads.

If pregnancy occurs, how does the nature of the discharge change?

If fertilization of the egg occurs during ovulation, the level of progesterone in the body increases even more. This is due to the fact that it is this hormone that ensures the maintenance of pregnancy and the normal formation of the embryo. Therefore, in the early stages of gestation, women often experience thin, transparent or whitish discharge.

At the same time, after 6-7 days from the moment of conception, the fertilized egg reaches the uterus and attaches to its walls. As a result of this, small vessels and capillaries are also damaged, which causes spotting. However, they should not be considered a sign of deviation by a woman. They do not last long and stop on the same day. And to eliminate the feeling of wetness in the perineum, simply use a panty liner.

It should also be noted thatnormal vaginal discharge that occurs during pregnancy, should not provoke irritation in the intimate area, even despite its abundance. They can be released in large quantities throughout the first trimester, and in the second trimester their volume decreases and they become almost invisible.

But already in the third trimester, at 32-34 weeks of pregnancy, the body’s production of progesterone increases again, due to which vaginal secretions begin to be released in large quantities again. It is thanks to the increased concentration of progesterone in the body that the tone of the uterus weakens and prepares it for the upcoming birth.

In the last stages of pregnancy, a woman should pay special attention to vaginal discharge, since it is by its nature that she can predict the imminent opening of labor. As a rule, before childbirth, the so-called plug, which forms in the cervical canal in the early stages of pregnancy, comes out. It has a slimy consistency, a whitish tint, and may contain streaks of blood. As soon as the plug comes out of the cervix, the amniotic fluid begins to recede and contractions begin.

Important! If a woman notices a mucus plug coming out, she should immediately call an ambulance without waiting for the amniotic fluid to break. Since for some women, even the first birth proceeds quickly, against the background of which some complications can occur, which affects not only women’s health, but also the health of the newborn.

Since pregnancy is often accompanied by various complications, a woman must know how they can manifest themselves. The following conditions should be alarming:

1. The opening of bleeding and the appearance of severe cramping pain in the abdomen. If a bloody clot is also noted, this already indicates a miscarriage and requires immediate medical examination.
2. The appearance of a brown spot, accompanied by weakness and nagging pain in the abdomen. This condition is a signal of placental abruption and the threat of miscarriage. If in this case, medical assistance was received in a timely manner, there is every chance of maintaining the pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy

When an ectopic pregnancy occurs, the nature of vaginal discharge also changes. It not only begins to stand out profusely, but also acquires a brown or pink color. Brown spotting is observed not only for the first day, as is the case with implantation bleeding, but until the pregnancy is terminated. In this case, pain appears in the left or right side of a pulling nature, and an increase in temperature is also observed.

Important! An ectopic pregnancy is a dangerous condition characterized by the attachment of the fertilized egg to the fallopian tube. And since it grows very quickly, this can lead to pipe rupture and internal bleeding.

Does vaginal discharge change after childbirth?

After childbirth, the female body begins to gradually recover and return to its previous “mode” of work. However, this does not happen quickly. During the postpartum period, all women experience cleansing of the uterus, which is manifested by heavy uterine bleeding. It is observed for about 2-3 weeks, after which the amount of bloody discharge decreases and is first replaced by pink and then scanty brown discharge.

And speaking of how long it takes for postpartum cleansing to occur, it should be said that on average this process takes from 7 to 9 weeks. Then the bleeding stops and leucorrhoea appears instead.

If a woman is breastfeeding, the discharge may also be copious and thin, white, clear, or creamy. This is due to increased production of prolactin in the body, which ensures the production of breast milk. As soon as lactation stops, the woman's menstrual cycle is restored and vaginal discharge becomes the same as it was before pregnancy.

How does vaginal discharge change after 40 years?

After 40 years, every woman begins to actively develop aging processes in her body, which lead to the decline of reproductive functions (menopause occurs). Naturally, this also affects the nature of vaginal discharge. As hormone production decreases, the amount of cervical mucus also decreases. Therefore, during this period, women may feel that they have completely stopped producing vaginal secretions. But that's not true. It is released, but in very small quantities.

At the same time, a woman experiences other symptoms of menopause:

• Menstruation becomes irregular (frequent delays are noted).
• The nature of menstruation changes (it becomes either heavy or scanty).
• Sweating increases.
• There are hot flashes.
• Frequent surges in blood pressure occur.
• Psychological disorders are observed (insomnia, tearfulness, irritability, etc.).

As soon as reproductive function completely subsides, postmenopause occurs, which is characterized by the absence of menstruation and normalization of the general condition.

What discharges can be signs of pathologies?

Every girl and woman should know how pathologies of the reproductive system manifest themselves in order to promptly seek medical help. As they develop, the nature of vaginal discharge almost always changes.

Conventionally, all gynecological diseases are divided into 3 types:

• inflammatory;
• oncological;
• infectious.

Inflammatory diseases include erosion, endometritis, cervicitis, oophoritis and others. Their development has a similar clinical picture:

• nagging pain in the abdomen;
• brown or bloody spotting.

To get rid of these diseases, you will need to undergo a special course of treatment, which involves the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. If the general clinical picture is supplemented by an increase in temperature, then this already indicates the late stages of the development of the disease and the addition of a bacterial infection to them, requiring an antibacterial course of treatment.

Oncological diseases include:

• cancer;
• uterine fibroids;
• polyps.

A distinctive feature of these diseases is that their development is asymptomatic. The only thing is that with these pathologies, some women begin to smear brown from the vagina after mechanical impact on the cervical canal and uterus (for example, after sex).

However, the development of cancer has slightly different symptoms. When it occurs, women experience severe abdominal pain, dark brown (almost black) discharge, which may contain clots, indicating the beginning of rejection of the affected epithelium.

Important! Cancer is a disease that develops rapidly and can be fatal within a few months. Therefore, you cannot delay your visit to the doctor and treatment.

As for infectious diseases, their provocateurs are:

• gonococci;
• chlamydia;
• staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• fungi, etc.

If a woman develops an STD, she experiences the following symptoms:

• Vaginal discharge takes on a greenish or yellowish tint.
• The intimate area may smell like rotten fish or a missing egg.