Nutrition for cardiac bradycardia and low blood pressure. Treatment of bradycardia at home for various symptoms

Bradycardia is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the frequency of contraction of the heart muscle.

The condition of a person when he has a rare pulse with high blood pressure is an uncommon occurrence.

The heart rate drops to 60 beats per minute. Most often, this pathology occurs against the background of the development of cardiac pathology, but can also be observed in a person’s normal condition.

Treatment of bradycardia in hypertension is a rather complex process, as it requires the use of drugs that have opposite effects on the body.

If a hypertensive patient has detected a slow pulse, you should immediately consult a doctor for consultation and examination.

Bradycardia with high blood pressure is a dangerous disorder and its treatment should only be carried out by a specialist; self-medication is unacceptable.

Types of bradycardia in humans

The appearance of a small pulse at high blood pressure is usually associated with the occurrence of disturbances in the conduction system of the heart.

In some cases, the appearance of a weak pulse with high blood pressure is due to a decrease in the ability of the sinus node to form more than 50-60 beats per minute.

A rare pulse occurs when signals move incorrectly through the cardiac conduction system.

There are several types of brachycardia.

Cardiologists distinguish five types of this disorder:

1. Drug-induced - occurs with long-term use of certain medications belonging to the groups of cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic drugs, calcium antagonists.
2. A neurogenic form of the disorder that occurs in the presence of high intracranial pressure, with the development of hypertension, duodenal or gastric ulcers, prolonged depression and the development of neuroses.
3. Endocrine - occurs when a person develops a deficiency of iodine, potassium and oxygen.
4. Endogenous or toxic form, develops after influenza, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis or as a result of the development of sepsis.
5. The myogenic form of the disorder appears as a consequence of the pathology of emerging pathologies in the sinus node, cardiosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease.

Bradycardia with elevated blood pressure develops in the presence of pathological changes in the PSS. With this disorder, electrical impulses propagate incorrectly, which leads to the appearance of a rare pulse and a decrease in the frequency of myocardial contractions.

Disturbances in myocardial function can be caused by:

• development of atherosclerotic disorders of the coronary vessels;
• cardiosclerosis;
• myocarditis;
• formation of post-infarction scars;
• the use of certain medications.

In rare cases, the cause of bradycardia is due to the presence of intracranial hypertension.

Treatment of bradycardia with high blood pressure

Reducing heart rate in hypertension requires a special approach to treatment procedures.

If such a violation is detected, it is prohibited to take certain medications used in the drug treatment of hypertension.

Such drugs are the following:

• beta blockers;
• calcium channel blockers.

Beta-blockers block the functions of the sinus node, and when bradycardic syndrome occurs, this part of the heart works with disturbances. If tablets belonging to this group of drugs are used, death may occur.

Reducing blood pressure should be done using drugs that do not affect the heart rate.

Before you start using drugs for bradycardia in hypertension, you should find out the reason for the formation of the pathological condition.

The most common causes of decreased heart rate in hypertension are:

1. The development of infection and damage to the myocardium and its impulse transmission system.
2. The development of cardiomyopathy in a patient, which has a different nature of origin.
3. The occurrence of endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism.
4. Taking medications that cause bradycardia.

Standard treatment for bradycardia consists of taking measures aimed at relieving the causes contributing to the appearance of the pathology. For this purpose, symptomatic treatment is used.

Therapy is aimed at blocking the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart and stimulating the functioning of adrenergic receptors.

The attending physician must increase the heart rate during treatment and at the same time prevent an increase in blood pressure.

Medicines for the treatment of pathology

Treatment of bradycardia can be carried out in several ways - medications, folk remedies and surgical intervention.

If there is a predisposition, one should not forget about taking preventive measures.

When conditions arise to reduce the pulse and symptoms of bradycardia, the following tablets and injection solutions are most often used:

• Atropine;
• Caffeine;
• Ipratropium bromide;
• tincture of ginseng.

Each of these drugs has some contraindications for use.

So, if a woman is pregnant, then the only approved drugs for bradycardia are caffeine. The rest of these drugs are prohibited.

Children over the age of 12 are allowed to use caffeine and ginseng tincture if they have a low number of heartbeats and high blood pressure.

At home, therapy for bradycardia with high blood pressure is carried out with the help of massages, treatment with herbs and mixtures, which contain a large number of essential oils. But such methods cannot be applied haphazardly. This approach to treatment can harm the patient. Before using any traditional medicine, you should visit a cardiologist and consult on the use of a particular medicinal composition.

In addition, the use of traditional medicine can affect the condition of various organs of the patient. For example, the use of lemon or other berries that have a sour taste can, in case of disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, provoke the occurrence of inflammation of the mucous membrane. Long-term use of herbal remedies aimed at increasing heart rate can increase the contraction frequency so much that it provokes the development of a new disease.

When taking this or that folk remedy, you should monitor the body’s reaction and clearly understand what the action of the medicine is aimed at.

To restore normal heart rate, it is recommended to put limited physical activity on the body.

• swimming;
• badminton;
• cardio yoga;
• race walking;
• breathing exercises;
• jogging at a moderate pace.

All of these types of sports activity put a moderate load on the heart; not only the heart muscle is trained, but also the vascular system. When conducting classes, you should avoid feeling tired, feeling very thirsty and overheating the body.

Treatment of hypertension with a low, weak pulse is carried out using alpha-blockers, ACE inhibitors, natural diuretics and angiotensin receptor blockers.

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Causes, diagnosis and treatment of low heart rate

Low heart rate means a decrease in heart rate below 60 beats per minute; a normal heart rate is 60–80 beats. A decrease in heart rate to 50–55 beats or less indicates the development of the disease and is called bradycardia.

Causes of low heart rate

A low pulse (45 or less beats/min.) may be a manifestation of illness in the body. The reasons for this are related to the form of bradycardia. Thus, extracardiac bradycardia occurs in the following cases:

• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• neurosis;
• high blood pressure, when certain antihypertensive drugs are used to treat it;
• brain tumors;
• meningitis;
• brain contusion;
• hypothyroidism;
• fasting;
• Meniere's syndrome;
• kidney colic.

Excessive pressure on the carotid artery also causes a low heart rate.

Organic bradycardia occurs mainly due to cardiosclerosis or myocardial infarction. If the sinus node is weak, the pulse frequency is insufficient. If the conduction of impulses from the atrium to the ventricle is disrupted, they speak of heart block. In this case, the frequency of its contractions may decrease to 55–56 per minute.

The following drugs also cause a weak pulse:

1. Quinidine.
2. Cardiac glycosides.
3. Beta blockers.
4. Morphine.
5. Calcium channel blockers.
6. Some antiarrhythmic drugs.
7. Sympatholytics.

Canceling these medications (only as directed by a doctor) returns the heart to normal rhythm and additional measures are usually not required.

Finally, a low and rare pulse, often below 40 beats/min, develops due to intoxication. The reason for this phenomenon may be:

• uremia, that is, poisoning of the body with protein breakdown products;
• viral hepatitis;
• sepsis;
• phosphate intoxication;
• increased levels of calcium or potassium in the blood.

A decrease in heart rate to 55–52 per minute occurs in trained people. Athletes have a heart rate of 45 beats/min. In addition, a decrease in heart rate even up to 40 beats occurs in the following cases:

• exposure to cold;
• aging of the body (in older people);
• smoking.

If the reasons for the decrease in heart rate cannot be established, they speak of idiopathic bradycardia.

The reasons for the decrease in heart rate can only be determined by a doctor. To find out the reason for the low pulse, the patient must undergo all types of examinations.

Signs of a low heart rate

A slight decrease in heart rate occurs almost imperceptibly for a person. This also applies to cases where the frequency of 50–60 beats is a physiological feature. Its further decrease, less than 50 beats, can affect the patient’s well-being. He feels dizzy, tired, drowsy, and irritable.

If a rare heart rate (50 beats or below) is caused by malfunctions of the organ itself, then a person experiences the following symptoms:

• dizziness;
• headache;
• semi-fainting state;
• chest pain;
• dyspnea.

A decrease in heart rate to 42 or even less beats per minute is dangerous to health. It can cause oxygen starvation of the brain. The symptoms of this condition depend on whether the person suffers from heart disease or whether he has a thyroid dysfunction. Thus, if the thyroid gland is not functioning properly, the patient may experience muscle weakness, trembling fingers, and significant weight loss without changing the diet.

A weak pulse (48 beats), combined with heart disease, is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• fatigue after physical activity, which does not go away even during long rest;
• pain in the chest and limbs;
• drowsiness;
• sweating;
• swelling in the limbs.

When the pulse is as rare as 50 beats or less with low blood pressure, it will be accompanied by severe weakness. It typically occurs in the morning, when sleep does not bring a pronounced feeling of rest. Often a person’s memory and vision are impaired, and his thinking becomes confused.

Impaired cerebral circulation leads to the development of symptoms of oxygen starvation of this organ. In severe cases, cerebral edema is possible. In this case, pronounced dysfunctions of this organ occur, associated with the loss of reflexes. The most dangerous complication of cerebral edema is coma.

A decrease in heart rate to 30–35 beats per minute threatens cardiac arrest. In such cases, resuscitation measures are required.

Diagnosis and treatment

The easiest way to determine a low heart rate at home is to count it. In the hospital this is done more accurately by performing an electrocardiogram. ECG monitoring using a mini-recorder provides more information about the reasons for the decrease in heart rate. It is necessary to conduct a biochemical blood test, test it for hormones, and also identify signs of the inflammatory process.

Ultrasound examination of the heart gives good results. To assess the increase in the frequency of organ contractions, load bicycle ergometry is used.

Treatment of low heart rate is carried out in a hospital setting. In case of severe clinical manifestations, in order to increase the heart rate, the patient is prescribed:

1. Atropine intramuscularly or intravenously.
2. Isadrin (drip, in glucose solution).
3. Isoproterenol in a dropper.
4. Alupent.

If the signs of a low heart rate are not pronounced, the patient will be helped to increase the pulse to a normal level by taking belladonna, eleutherococcus or ginseng. It's good to drink a cup of coffee. However, with atherosclerosis, Raynaud's disease, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease, the frequency of its contractions cannot be increased in this way.

Diet also helps with low heart rate. People with this problem benefit from algae, fish oil, nuts, and dishes with pepper. If the pulse is not sharply reduced, a foot bath or applying mustard plaster to the collar area can increase it.

Prevention of a decrease in heart rate consists, first of all, of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to give up alcohol and smoking, and also move more. Healthy sleep will help increase your heart rate. The diet should include more plant-based products. To strengthen the body, you should spend more time in the air.

Paying close attention to your health helps you avoid problems with your heart rate.

Nutrition rules for the treatment of hypertension

Arterial hypertension, or hypertension, affects one third of the world's population. Complex treatment necessarily includes a diet for hypertension, which mainly involves increasing the amount of plant foods, reducing salt and harmful fats.

• Basic principles of dietary nutrition
• Products approved for consumption
• What you can't eat
• Products that can sometimes be included in the menu
• Weekly menu for hypertensive patients
• Nuances of diet for hypertension 2 and 3 degrees
• Nutritional features for different categories of people
• Recipes for high blood pressure
• Beets stewed with apples
• Rabbit in sour cream sauce
• Peppers stuffed with pearl barley
• Conclusion

The diet for such a disease is subject to strict control, because non-compliance with it can lead to a worsening of the condition.

Basic principles of dietary nutrition

A diet for hypertensive patients only helps if the basic rules are followed:

1. Eat meals in fractions (5 or more times) and in small portions.
2. It is recommended to eat the last time 1 – 2 hours before bedtime.
3. You need to cook with virtually no salt.
4. The volume of liquid consumed per day should not exceed 1.5 liters.
5. Main courses are prepared by boiling, baking or steaming.

The following requirements apply to products used during a diet for hypertension:

1. Food balanced in composition.
2. The amount of animal fats (meat, eggs, margarine) and fast carbohydrates (sweets, pasta, sugar) is kept to a minimum.
3. It is necessary to include foods with a high content of choline and methionine in the menu - they break down fats. This includes vegetable oils.
4. You should try to eat fish and foods rich in magnesium and potassium more often.

Eating for high blood pressure will only benefit if you keep salt to a minimum. It can be included in the diet of a hypertensive patient only after consultation with a doctor and added directly to the plate. In this regard, it is necessary to know the list of foods with a high salt content:

• perch, pike perch;
• beets, cabbage, carrots, zucchini;
• rice, oatmeal;
• rabbit, beef.

Products approved for consumption

These products include those that most contribute to reducing the patient’s blood pressure. This is plant fiber (bran, cauliflower), which normalizes stool and the functioning of the digestive tract, leading to weight loss. Excess weight is often the main cause of hypertension.

Protein is the basis for cell formation and provides the necessary vascular tone, which is very important in the treatment of hypertension. Calcium and potassium are simply necessary for normal heart function. Unsaturated fatty acids from seafood reduce bad cholesterol levels.

Nutrition for hypertension involves consuming the following foods:

• dried bread in the form of crackers or from wholemeal flour, bran;
• low-fat meat and fish products - turkey and skinless chicken, pike, cod;
• first courses with vegetable broth or milk;
• iodine-containing seafood - squid, shrimp, seaweed;
• fermented milk products with a low fat content - kefir, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese;
• sour cream and butter - 20 g directly into the dish;
• egg white omelette or soft-boiled eggs - 4 pcs. in Week;
• unsalted and low-fat cheese;
• greens and vegetables like zucchini and pumpkin that lower cholesterol;
• vegetable oils as a dressing for vegetable salads;
• dry and fresh fruits and berries;
• drinks from chicory and barley, rosehip decoction, compote;
• fruit mousses and jellies, honey, marmalade;
• cinnamon, vanillin, bay leaf, cumin - products to improve the taste of food.

What you can't eat

Cholesterol plaques reduce the elasticity of blood vessels and not only cause pressure surges, but can also lead to atherosclerosis. In this regard, it is necessary to exclude “cholesterol” foods from the diet for hypertension.

• lard and fats;
• smoked meats;
• fatty mayonnaise;
• marinades;
• fat meat;
• strong tea and coffee;
• pepper and mustard;
• cocoa and chocolate;
• pickles;
• baking;
• soda;
• alcohol.

Products that can sometimes be included in the menu

A proper diet for hypertension includes foods that are acceptable for consumption, but they can be eaten once a week:

• vegetable oil;
• durum pasta;
• mushrooms, radishes, turnips;
• legumes;
• butter - 20 g per day;
• processed cheese;
• sweets - 50 – 70 g per day, if the weight is normal;
• salt - 3 g with the approval of the attending physician.

Weekly menu for hypertensive patients

A clear example of proper nutrition for hypertension is given in the table, which will help you understand which foods can be used and what they can be combined with.

Days of the week

Lunch

Nuances of diet for hypertension 2 and 3 degrees

The diet for stage 2 hypertension is most often salt-free and includes more bran, dried fruits and seafood. Garlic and avocado are beneficial. Fatty and smoked products are excluded even in small quantities. You should pay attention to the composition of store-bought products - how much salt, cocoa and butter they contain.

The third group of hypertensive patients is at increased risk, and each prohibited product can negatively affect their well-being. For such patients, salt is excluded altogether. The same applies to products with animal fats. The number of meals can be increased to 6 - 7, but the portions should be reduced. You can please yourself with fresh vegetables and fruits. This will give you energy and improve your mood.

Nutritional features for different categories of people

The system of proper nutrition for high blood pressure for different genders has some differences.

Food for men with hypertension should be rich and high in calories. For hypertensive patients, the menu can also be nutritious and varied with the right approach. Many people's favorite fried meat can be cooked on a grill pan without oil. The product is healthy and tastes great. Celery, red fish, eggs, pomegranate and seafood are especially useful for men.

It’s a little easier for women with hypertension in this regard - their physiological need for food is less than that of men. And mentally, it’s easier for women, because a diet will help tidy up their figure. To do this, you need to use olive oil and celery in cooking.

To balance vitamins and fats, you need foods with a high content of omega-3 acids (this is fish - salmon and pink salmon). Useful products include:

• dried fruits;
• oatmeal;
• broccoli;
• avocado;
• cabbage.

You should eat lean meat and fish, vegetable soups, cereals, dairy products, and steamed vegetables. Pancakes and pancakes without butter are allowed as baked goods.

Recipes for high blood pressure

As it turns out, proper nutrition for hypertension can be very tasty and varied. You just need to have a desire to eat healthy food and know some recipes.

Beets stewed with apples

Peel 150 g of boiled beets and cut into small pieces. We process 60 g of sour apples in the same way. Heat half a teaspoon of sifted flour in a frying pan and add 5 g of butter, 30 g of vegetable broth and a spoonful of low-fat sour cream.

Boil the mixture for 10 minutes and then strain. Next, add the mixture to the beets and apples and simmer over low heat for 10 - 15 minutes. An excellent recipe to combat obesity.

Rabbit in sour cream sauce

Cut the rabbit meat (about 100 g) into small pieces and fry in 1 tbsp of vegetable oil. l. Add a couple of tablespoons of vegetable broth and a spoonful of sour cream to the meat. Simmer under the lid until done. The recipe is simple, but very useful for hypertension.

Peppers stuffed with pearl barley

We clean a couple of medium bell peppers from seeds, scald them with boiling water and remove the skins. Combine a tablespoon of pearl barley, pre-soaked for 2 - 3 hours, with salt on the tip of a knife and a finely chopped quarter of an onion.

Lightly fry everything in 50 g of vegetable broth until the pearl barley thickens. Then thoroughly knead the resulting mass and stuff the peppers. Next, bake them for 10 minutes in the oven at 180 degrees. This is a delicious, nutritious and healthy recipe for high blood pressure.

Conclusion

A diet for hypertension will help keep your blood pressure normal by reducing bad cholesterol and excess weight. The correct selection of products will increase immunity and prevent the development of atherosclerosis and other related diseases.

Compliance with the rules and principles of a therapeutic diet will help a person suffering from hypertension to be in good shape and lead a healthy lifestyle without much effort or discomfort.

1. 08/21/2017 at 21:32

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Sinus bradycardia is a type of heart rhythm disorder when the heart beats at a lower frequency than normal. The pulse during bradycardia decreases to 60 or less beats per minute, leading to insufficient blood supply to the internal organs and the appearance of a clinic.

Sinus bradycardia can be detected in completely healthy people when it is considered a normal variant and does not provoke any negative subjective signs. For example, trained professional athletes usually have a slower heart rate than other people. About a quarter of young men have a heart rate of about 50-60 beats per minute, and in sleeping adults and children the heart rate drops by a third.

Sometimes bradycardia reflects individual constitutional characteristics and is also not considered a disease if there are no symptoms of blood flow disorders in the brain or other organs.

However, bradycardia often still accompanies cardiac pathology, being an expression of organic changes in the heart muscle and conduction system. In these cases, the appearance of symptoms is inevitable, and the patient needs treatment, without which he will feel poor and the body will suffer from hypoxia.

The sinus, that is, normal, heart rhythm is generated from the main sinus node of the conduction system, which sets the required number of impulses per unit of time according to the needs of the person. During exercise, the activity of this nerve node increases, leading to an increase in heart rate (HR), while in a state of sleep, on the contrary, the pulse slows down.

Violation of the automatism of the sinus node, a decrease in the number of impulses, and difficulty in conducting them along the fibers of the conduction system cause bradycardia when the heart rate drops to 50-30 beats per minute. Symptoms usually appear when the pulse becomes 40 beats or lower.

Mild bradycardia does not pose a threat to life, and its owner may not experience any concern about this, not paying attention to the pulse and not constantly counting it, if the body is healthy and all organs and systems are working correctly.

On the other hand, prolonged and, especially, progressive bradycardia serves as a signal for examination, since it can be a consequence of not only cardiac pathology, but also damage to other organs. The attention of specialists to sinus bradycardia is caused by the increased risk of cardiac arrest against the background of a pronounced decrease in heart rate, so each case deserves special monitoring and identification of the cause of the anomaly.

Why does bradycardia occur?

The causes of sinus bradycardia are quite diverse and are associated with both diseases of internal organs and external unfavorable conditions. These include:

• Organic damage to the heart - cicatricial and diffuse sclerotic processes (cardiosclerosis), inflammation (myocarditis), when the connective tissue affects the sinus node and prevents the spread of impulses to the myocardium;
• Effect of low temperatures, hypothermia;
• Increased tone of the parasympathetic nervous system (vagotonia);
• Intracranial hypertension due to stroke, cerebral edema, meningoencephalitis, tumor;
• Use of certain groups of drugs (cardiac glycosides, beta-blockers);
• Poisoning with heavy metals (lead), organophosphorus compounds, nicotine intoxication;
• Myxedema (decrease in the level of thyroid hormones), some infections (typhoid fever, cholera), pathology of the adrenal glands;
• Starvation, anorexia.

With functional disorders of sympathetic innervation, the tone of the vagus nerve increases, while sinus rhythm is maintained, bradycardia is combined with respiratory arrhythmia, and the pulse increases with physical effort or the administration of drugs (atropine).

In the case of organic damage to the structures of the heart (cardiosclerosis, inflammation), there is sinus arrhythmia, bradycardia is not eliminated by the administration of atropine, and during physical activity there is only a slight increase in heart rate, which indicates a mechanical obstacle to the conduction of impulses.

So, all factors causing sinus bradycardia can be divided into extracardiac and cardiac.

Extracardiac changes cause arrhythmia in a healthy heart and its pathways. Most often, this form of bradycardia is diagnosed with vegetative-vascular dysfunction, neurotic conditions characteristic of people of all ages, but especially young women and adolescents.

Sinus bradycardia can be caused by wearing a tight collar, a tie that is too tight, or squeezing the carotid sinus. Pressure on the eyeballs contributes to a reflex decrease in heart rate, which is well known to people with the opposite problem - tachycardia.

Extracardiac causes of pathology include diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and duodenal ulcers), endocrine system, and brain. In hypothyroidism, bradycardia is more pronounced, the stronger the deficiency of thyroid hormones.

The cardiac variant of sinus bradycardia is associated directly with the heart - cardiac muscle infarction, cardiosclerosis, dystrophic and inflammatory processes, cardiomyopathies, which contribute to degeneration of the pacemaker and disruption of its function. With structural changes in the sinus node, the development of sinus syndrome (SSSS) is possible, when the heart contracts rhythmically, but rarely.

Severe sinus bradycardia is extremely dangerous due to the possibility of the sinus pacemaker refusing to produce impulses, which can lead to cardiac arrest and death.

The medicinal form of bradycardia is associated with the use of certain groups of drugs - cardiac glycosides, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, which are widely prescribed to patients with heart disease and hypertension.

The so-called toxic type of sinus bradycardia can be associated not only with the intake of toxic substances from the outside, but also with serious diseases - sepsis, hepatitis, acute renal failure, typhoid fever, etc. Electrolyte disturbances with an increase in the level of potassium or calcium in the blood serum can also cause this form of arrhythmia.

Age-related changes caused by aging can occur with bradycardia without severe damage to the heart and sinus node, which can be considered a natural result of aging. If a comprehensive examination does not help to identify the true cause of the arrhythmia, then they speak of an idiopathic variant of the pathology.

Manifestations and methods for diagnosing sinus bradycardia

Since bradycardia disrupts the delivery of oxygen to the organs by the blood, the main target of the pathology is the brain, which is very sensitive to hypoxia.

Depending on the severity of symptoms of damage to the brain and other organs, there are several degrees of severity of arrhythmia:

1. Mild sinus bradycardia, often caused by disorders of nervous regulation, when the heart rate does not fall below 50 beats per minute, while symptoms are usually absent;
2. Moderate sinus bradycardia - heart rate in the range of 40-50 beats/min, sometimes asymptomatic or with minor manifestations (weakness, dizziness);
3. Severe bradycardia - with a heart rate below 40 per minute, is accompanied by a clear clinical picture of hemodynamic disturbances, convulsions and cardiac arrest are possible.

The classification according to the level of heart rate is very arbitrary and is not used in the practice of cardiologists due to its subjectivity, because a pulse of 50 cannot always be considered a pathology. To more accurately assess the role of arrhythmia for a particular patient, it is important to establish whether it leads to hemodynamic disturbances or not. As a rule, mild and moderate degrees of bradycardia in terms of heart rate are hemodynamically insignificant, that is, blood flow in the organs is preserved.

With severe sinus bradycardia, the heart is not able to provide tissues and organs with oxygen sufficiently, hypoxia progresses, and the arrhythmia is considered hemodynamically significant.

Symptoms of sinus bradycardia appear when the heart rate decreases to 40 or less per minute. The most typical complaints presented by patients:

• Dizziness;
• Weakness and feeling of tiredness, fatigue;
• Shortness of breath, feeling of lack of air;
• Pain in the heart, discomfort in the chest;
• Episodic visual impairment;
• Attacks of loss of consciousness;
• Cramps.

If bradycardia occurs periodically, the patient feels it through dizziness, which indicates a decrease in blood pressure and oxygen delivery to brain tissue. In hypotensive patients, this symptom is more pronounced than in people with normal or high blood pressure.

Severe bradycardia is often accompanied by fainting - the patient loses consciousness, may fall and be injured. Prolonged fainting is fraught with impaired blood circulation in the brain and even death of the patient due to dysfunction of stem structures and respiratory arrest.

Weakness and fatigue are quite characteristic signs of bradycardia, because organs and tissues do not receive the nutrition they need. Patients quickly get tired during physical and intellectual stress, and they need more time to recuperate.

Outwardly, people suffering from bradycardia notice the pallor of the skin, and if the rhythm disturbance accompanies heart failure, then in addition to pallor, cyanosis will also be noticeable, and edema will appear.

Pain in the heart area can occur during bradycardia against the background of autonomic dysfunction or neurosis, but in this case they are transient and are not considered a cardiac pathology. It’s another matter if the patient suffers from cardiosclerosis, heart failure, and the coronary arteries are affected by an atherosclerotic process. In this case, bradycardia contributes to even less blood flow to the myocardium and the development of an attack of angina.

In severe cases, severe bradycardia causes deep fainting and convulsions associated with oxygen starvation of the brain. Episodes of loss of consciousness due to very rare contractions of the heart are called Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attacks, which are often observed with sick sinus syndrome. This arrhythmia is life-threatening and requires emergency medical attention.

Neurological symptoms associated with sinus bradycardia, associated with cerebral hypoxia, can manifest as transient paresis, decreased vision, memory, attention, sleep disturbance, speech disorder, when the patient seems to “swallow” individual words.

Diagnostic criteria, bradycardia in children

Sinus bradycardia can be diagnosed not only in adults with a variety of diseases, but also in children. As you know, babies have a faster pulse - in newborns it reaches 140-160 beats per minute, by the age of one year it decreases to 120-125 and only by the age of 12 it approaches the norm of an adult.

Due to the naturally high heart rate of a child, bradycardia is diagnosed when the heart rate is higher than in adults (less than 60). In newborns, bradycardia is indicated by a pulse of less than 120 beats/min; for preschool children this figure will be less than 70, and for adolescents - below 62.

The causes of decreased heart rate in children and adolescents may be congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathies, excessive physical activity, autonomic dysfunction, and neuroses. Restructuring of the cardiovascular system during puberty and vagotonia characteristic of this age can cause sinus bradycardia, which is leveled out as one grows and matures.

Symptoms of arrhythmia in children and adolescents are similar to those in adults - weakness, fatigue, dizziness. Mothers of infants notice that the baby gets tired quickly when feeding, poor appetite and restless sleep, and shortness of breath is possible.

Diagnostic methods

The diagnosis of sinus bradycardia is established on the basis of typical patient complaints, examination data and initial examination, and electrocardiography shows reliable signs.

At the appointment, the cardiologist or therapist records a rare pulse, which retains its rhythm. Heart sounds during auscultation may be muffled if the arrhythmia is accompanied by pathology of the valves or myocardium.

Electrocardiography is the main and simplest method for instrumental diagnosis of sinus bradycardia. On the ECG, the characteristic signs of this arrhythmia are:

1. Lengthening the intervals between ventricular complexes;
2. Correct sinus rhythm.

Thus, the ECG with sinus bradycardia is close to normal, with the exception of rare heart contractions. If during the recording of the cardiogram it was not possible to detect an episode of bradycardia, the patient will be offered Holter monitoring. Ultrasound examination helps to establish organic damage to the myocardium.

Laboratory diagnostic methods may include a study of the electrolyte composition of the blood, hormonal balance, determination of toxins in cases of suspected poisoning, and bacteriological analysis to exclude the infectious nature of the arrhythmia.

Treatment of sinus bradycardia

Sinus bradycardia is not always a reason to prescribe specific treatment. Physiological slowing of the heart rate, which is not manifested by any subjective symptoms and, especially, circulatory disorders in the internal organs, does not require therapy.

If bradycardia is provoked by some other disease or condition, then the doctor’s prescriptions will be in accordance with the causative pathology - hormone analogues for endocrine diseases, correction of electrolyte disturbances, prescription of antibiotics for infections, etc. Signs of hemodynamic disturbances, manifested by specific symptoms, require medication corrections.

It is important to note that in the case of bradycardia, as well as any other change in heart rhythm, self-medication is unacceptable, even if the medications taken seem harmless. Any drug can only be prescribed by a doctor based on the feasibility of treating bradycardia in principle.

Indications for starting treatment may include symptoms such as shortness of breath, dizziness and frequent fainting, severe weakness, hypotension due to a slower rhythm, as well as a pulse less than 40 beats per minute, when a lack of blood flow in the organs is inevitable.

Treatment of sinus bradycardia is carried out on an outpatient basis, but in case of severe cardiac pathology, the symptom of which is bradycardia, hospitalization may be required. In these cases, the presence of arrhythmia poses a threat to the life of the patient, who is closely monitored.

Sinus bradycardia can be treated with medication and surgery. Drug therapy includes the use of drugs that stimulate the contractility of the heart and reduce the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the conduction pathways in the myocardium:

The listed drugs are usually used during the period of worsening arrhythmia until the normal heart rate is restored, and then they are discontinued. It is possible to take herbal remedies that increase heart rate and blood pressure - eleutherococcus, ginseng, belladonna.

For persistent sinus bradycardia, therapy aimed at improving metabolism in the sinus node and myocardium is indicated:

1. Antioxidants and cardioprotectors (antioxycaps, omega-3, mexidol, riboxin);
2. Means for improving metabolic processes in cardiomyocytes - mildronate, actovegin;
3. Nootropics - piracetam;
4. Multivitamins.

Severe bradycardia with attacks of loss of consciousness against the background of organic myocardial pathology, which is not corrected with medication, requires cardiac surgery - installation of a pacemaker. Indications for pacemaker implantation are: heart rate less than 40, Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attacks, progressive heart failure.

Let's say a few words about folk remedies, the popularity of which does not decrease even with the availability of modern treatment. Alternative treatment can be considered justified only in cases where bradycardia is functional in nature, caused by increased tone of the vagus nerve, and the heart rate is not lower than 40 beats per minute. With organic changes in the heart - defects, coronary disease, cardiomyopathy - it is not only meaningless, but also dangerous.

Herbs with a tonic effect - ginseng, eleutherococcus, as well as plants such as yarrow, immortelle, Chinese lemongrass, taken in the form of decoctions and tinctures - can help reduce the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart.

You should not resort to folk remedies without consulting a doctor, or in combination with already prescribed drug therapy, since in this case the risk of unwanted side effects and unpredictable arrhythmia increases.

To prevent attacks of bradycardia, you should stop smoking and follow a diet that limits alcohol, animal fats, and the amount of fluid and salt consumed. It is important to follow the cardiologist’s prescriptions and promptly treat those diseases that may cause a decrease in heart rate.

The prognosis for sinus bradycardia is considered favorable if there is no organic heart damage. Cardiac pathology, a combination of sinus bradycardia with other types of arrhythmia, episodes of syncope make the prognosis serious and serve as a reason for installing a pacemaker.

1. Causes of bradycardia
2. Manifestations of bradycardia
3. Dangers of a weak pulse
4. Help with weak pulse
5. Treatment

Everyone knows that the pulse reflects the frequency of oscillations of the heart muscle. A low pulse in a person can indicate the presence of various abnormalities and malfunctions in the functioning of the heart. There are many factors that provoke this condition. These include weather dependence. The pulse may become weak due to medications that lower blood pressure. In most cases, this manifestation does not lead to irreversible changes, but in any case it is worth contacting a cardiologist and determining the cause of this deviation.

Causes of bradycardia

The normal pulse rate for people of different age groups is different; it ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. But it cannot be said that a one-time decrease to 50 beats per minute indicates pathology. There are many reasons why values ​​may deviate from the norm. These include:

• disruptions in the functioning of the endocrine system;
• arterial hypertension;
• heart disease;
• bad habits;
• emotional stress;
• infectious diseases;
• head injuries;
• long-term use of medications;
• hypothermia;
• significant blood loss;
• long fasting.

The listed reasons affect changes in heart rate. Depending on the provoking factors, the following types of bradycardia can be distinguished:

1. Absolute.
2. Relative.
3. Moderate.
4. Extracardiac.

With absolute bradycardia, a weak pulse does not affect the quality of life. The person does not experience any symptoms. Relative bradycardia manifests itself during heavy physical exertion or develops against the background of serious illness. Moderate bradycardia is most often diagnosed in children; a low heart rate appears only during sleep. Treatment varies depending on the type of bradycardia.

Manifestations of bradycardia

In cardiological practice, there is an asymptomatic course of bradycardia. A weak pulse can be detected in an absolutely healthy person with normal blood pressure during a routine medical examination. This is not a life-threatening manifestation, but such a pathology requires observation. With a weak pulse, the following often occur:

• dizziness;
• fainting;
• headache;
• weakness;
• neurological disorders.

Increasing manifestations may indicate irreversible changes in the functioning of the heart; such a condition requires urgent treatment.

But often a low pulse does not cause concern to cardiologists if the blood pressure is normal. This often happens in athletes whose heart rate fluctuates between 60-50 beats per minute, without unpleasant symptoms.

Average patients whose pulse is less than 60 beats per minute often turn to a cardiologist with complaints of weakness, difficulty breathing, and decreased brain activity. This condition requires study to determine the causes.

Dangers of a weak pulse

Particularly dangerous is a rare pulse, the frequency of which is less than 40 beats per minute. This can be critical because the brain is starved of oxygen. This condition is accompanied by nausea and dizziness, in some cases a sudden loss of consciousness.

The most dangerous thing is that the patient's heart may stop, which becomes fatal in the absence of necessary medical care. Pulse rate should be monitored to prevent irreversible consequences.

Help with weak pulse

A rare pulse may be an individual characteristic of the body or a distinctive manifestation of heart disease. If your heart rate is less than 50 beats per minute, you should call an emergency team. If a patient loses consciousness, it is mandatory to be hospitalized. This condition is life-threatening.

In this case, taking medications without a doctor’s prescription is dangerous. In order to select the necessary drug, you should undergo an examination, measure the pressure and frequency of the heart muscle 2 times a day for a week. The following medications are prescribed:

• sympathomimetics;
• anticholinergics.

The use of such drugs should be under the supervision of a physician. In some cases, taking such medications can cause other pathological changes in the heart.

If your heart rate is slightly reduced, you can increase it slightly at home by doing the following:

• relax and unwind;
• drink a glass of green tea;
• take the medication prescribed by your doctor.

Light exercise is also helpful. Some doctors believe that running at an easy pace helps regulate your heart rhythm. The patient is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle and completely give up bad habits.

Treatment

Treatment is directly related to the causes of the disease. Therefore, it is impossible to choose effective drugs on your own. Combinations of medications are selected by a cardiologist individually for each patient.

There are forms of bradycardia that do not require treatment, in which to normalize the pulse it is only necessary to eliminate negative factors. If bradycardia occurs due to medication, it is enough to change it to a drug that does not affect the heart rate.

A weak pulse often does not pose a threat to human life. But it is worth noting that timely consultation with a doctor is necessary. You should not self-medicate, as it often aggravates the course of the disease and leads to irreversible consequences. Treatment of bradycardia with all kinds of herbs and infusions can only begin after consulting a cardiologist.

Medicines for hypertension: what are they?

Hypertension is a sustained increase in blood pressure: systolic “upper” pressure > 140 mmHg. and/or diastolic “bottom” pressure > 90 mm Hg. The key word here is “sustainable.” The diagnosis of hypertension cannot be made based on a single random blood pressure measurement. Such measurements should be taken at least 3-4 on different days, and each time the blood pressure turns out to be elevated. If you are nevertheless diagnosed with arterial hypertension, then you will most likely need to take blood pressure pills.

These are drugs that lower blood pressure and relieve symptoms - headaches, spots before the eyes, nosebleeds, etc. But the main purpose of taking medications for hypertension is to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure and other complications.

Blood pressure pills, which come in 5 main classes, have been proven to significantly improve cardiovascular and renal prognosis. In practice, this means that taking medications delays the development of complications for several years. This effect will only happen if the hypertensive patient takes his pills regularly (every day), even when he has no pain and feels normal. What are the 5 main classes of medications for hypertension are described in detail below.
What is important to know about medications for hypertension:

1. If the “upper” systolic pressure is > 160 mmHg, then you should immediately start taking one or more medications to lower it. Because with such high blood pressure there is an extremely high risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney and vision complications.
2. A blood pressure of 140/90 or lower is considered more or less safe, and for diabetic patients 130/85 or lower. To reduce blood pressure to this level, you usually have to take not one drug, but several at once.
3. It is more convenient to take not 2-3 tablets for blood pressure, but one single tablet that contains 2-3 active ingredients. A good doctor is one who understands this and tries to prescribe combined pills rather than individual pills.
4. Treatment for hypertension should begin with one or more medications in small doses. If after 10-14 days it turns out that it does not help enough, then it is better not to increase the dosage, but to add other drugs. Taking blood pressure pills in maximum doses is a dead end. Study the article “Causes of hypertension and how to eliminate them.” Follow the recommendations outlined in it, and don’t just lower your blood pressure with pills.
5. It is advisable to be treated with blood pressure pills, which are sufficient to take once a day. Most modern drugs are just like that. These are called long-acting hypertension medications.
6. Medicines that lower blood pressure prolong life even in older people aged 80 years and older. This has been proven by the results of long-term international studies involving thousands of elderly patients with hypertension. Blood pressure pills definitely do not cause senile dementia, and even slow down its development. Moreover, it is worth taking medications for hypertension in middle age to prevent a sudden heart attack or stroke.
7. Hypertension medications must be taken continuously, every day. It is prohibited to take unauthorized breaks. Take the antihypertensive pills that are prescribed to you, even on those days when you feel good and your blood pressure is normal.

The pharmacy sells up to hundreds of different types of blood pressure pills. They are divided into several large groups, depending on their chemical composition and effect on the patient’s body. Each has its own characteristics. To choose which pills to prescribe, the doctor studies the patient’s test data, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases, in addition to high blood pressure. After this, he makes a responsible decision: what medicine for hypertension and in what dosage to prescribe to the patient. The doctor also takes into account the patient’s age. Read more in the article “What medications for hypertension are prescribed to older people.”

Advertising often promises that your life will be just “candy” as soon as you start taking this or that new antihypertensive (blood pressure-lowering) drug. But in reality, everything is not that simple. Because all “chemical” drugs for hypertension have side effects, more or less strong. Only natural vitamins and minerals that normalize blood pressure can boast a complete absence of side effects.

Proven effective and cost-effective supplements for normalizing blood pressure:

• Magnesium + Vitamin B6 from Source Naturals;
• Taurine from Jarrow Formulas;
• Fish oil from Now Foods.

Read more about the technique in the article “Treatment of hypertension without drugs“. How to order hypertension supplements from the USA - download instructions. Bring your blood pressure back to normal without the harmful side effects of chemical pills. Improve your heart function. Become calmer, get rid of anxiety, sleep like a baby at night. Magnesium with vitamin B6 works wonders for hypertension. You will have excellent health, the envy of your peers.

Below we will discuss in detail what groups of drugs for hypertension exist and in what cases patients are prescribed drugs from one or another group. After this, you can read separate detailed articles about the specific blood pressure pills you are interested in. You and your doctor may decide that it is better to change your antihypertensive (lowering blood pressure) medication, i.e. start taking a drug of a different class. If you are knowledgeable about what medications are available for hypertension, you will be able to ask intelligent questions to your doctor. In any case, if you have a good understanding of the medications and the reasons why you were prescribed them, you will find it easier to take them.

Indications for prescribing medications for hypertension

The doctor prescribes medications for hypertension to the patient if the risk of complications outweighs the risk of side effects:

• Blood pressure > 160/100 mm. rt. Art.;
• Blood pressure > 140/90 mm. rt. Art. + the patient has 3 or more risk factors for complications of hypertension;
• Blood pressure > 130/85 mm. rt. Art. + diabetes mellitus or cerebrovascular accidents, or coronary heart disease, or renal failure, or severe retinopathy (damage to the retina).

• Diuretics (diuretics);
• Beta blockers;
• Calcium antagonists;
• Vasodilators;
• Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitor);
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers (sartans).

When prescribing medication for hypertension to a patient, the doctor should give preference to drugs belonging to the groups listed in this note. Tablets for hypertension from these groups not only normalize blood pressure, but also reduce the overall mortality of patients and prevent the development of complications. Each of the groups of tablets that lower blood pressure has its own special mechanism of action, its own indications, contraindications and side effects.

Groups of drugs for hypertension

Indications

Additional aspects to consider when choosing medications for hypertension:

Groups of drugs for hypertension

Indications

Selection of medications for hypertension for selected concomitant conditions (2013 recommendations)

Associated condition

Suitable medications

Notes:

• Sartans are angiotensin-II receptor blockers, also called angiotensin-II receptor antagonists;
• Calcium antagonists - also called calcium channel blockers;
• Aldosterone antagonists - drugs spironolactone or eplerenone.

• The best way to recover from hypertension (quickly, easily, healthy, without “chemical” drugs and dietary supplements)
• Hypertension - a popular way to cure it at stages 1 and 2
• Causes of hypertension and how to eliminate them. Tests for hypertension

Diuretic medications for hypertension

In the 2014 guidelines, diuretics retain their position as one of the leading classes of medications for hypertension. Because they are the cheapest and enhance the effect of any other blood pressure pills. Hypertension is called malignant, severe or resistant only if it does not respond to a combination of 2-3 drugs. Moreover, one of these drugs must be a diuretic.

The most commonly prescribed diuretic medications for hypertension are indapamide, as well as good old hydrochlorothiazide (also known as dichlorothiazide and hypothiazide). Manufacturers are trying to get indapamide to displace hydrochlorothiazide, which has been used for about 50 years, from the market. For this purpose, numerous articles are published in medical journals. Indapamide is not expected to have harmful effects on metabolism. It has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with hypertension. But it does not lower blood pressure any more than low-dose hydrochlorothiazide and is probably not much better at reducing the risk of hypertension complications. And it costs much more.

Spironolactone and eplerenone are special diuretic drugs that act as aldosterone antagonists. They are prescribed for severe (resistant) hypertension as a 4th drug if a combination of 3 drugs does not help enough. Initially, patients with severe hypertension are prescribed a renin-angiotensin system blocker + a regular diuretic + a calcium channel blocker. If the pressure does not decrease enough, then spironolactone or the newer eplerenone, which has fewer side effects, is added. Contraindications for the prescription of aldosterone antagonists are elevated levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) or the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys is below 30–60 ml/min. In 10% of patients, hypertension occurs due to primary hyperaldosteronism. If tests confirm primary hyperaldosteronism, the patient is automatically prescribed spironolactone or eplerenone.

• Diuretics (diuretics) - general information;
• Dichlorothiazide (hydrodiuril, hydrochlorothiazide);
• Indapamide (Arifon, Indap);
• Furosemide (Lasix);
• Veroshpiron (Spironolactone);

Calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypertension

Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers) are perhaps the most popular medications for hypertension in the world. They are especially indicated if high blood pressure is combined with coronary heart disease, heart rhythm disturbances, and chronic kidney disease. Calcium channel blockers increase urinary sodium excretion. It is advisable to prescribe them if it is proven that the patient has hypertension due to excessive consumption of table salt. In recent years, dihydropyridine calcium antagonists have come to the fore, and among them is amlodipine.

For chronic kidney disease, amlodipine can be added to an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (sartan). This combination of drugs has been proven to inhibit the development of renal failure. But the independent use of a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, without an ACE inhibitor or sartan, in chronic kidney disease is considered undesirable. If there is severe (resistant) hypertension, then American experts consider it possible to prescribe combinations of a dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist to patients as a 5-6 “line of defense”.

• Calcium antagonists - general information;
• Nifedipine (Adalat, Corinfar, Cordipin, Phenigidine);
• Amlodipine (Norvasc, Normodipine, Tenox);
• Lerkamen (Lercanidipine);
• Felodipine (felodip);

ACE inhibitors

Dozens of rigorous studies have been conducted, the results of which have proven that ACE inhibitors for hypertension reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, protect blood vessels and kidneys. These drugs are primarily prescribed to patients who have high blood pressure due to coronary heart disease in acute or chronic form, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease.

Hypertension medications that contain 2 active ingredients in one tablet are in great demand. These are usually combinations of an ACE inhibitor with a diuretic or calcium antagonist. Unfortunately, 10-15% of people who take ACE inhibitors develop a chronic dry cough. This is considered a common side effect of this class of drugs. If patients read less about this, then they would develop a cough less often. In such cases, ACE inhibitors are replaced with sartans, which have the same effect, but do not cause cough.

• ACE inhibitors - general information
• Captopril (Capoten)
• Enalapril (Renitec, Berlipril, Enap)
• Lisinopril (Diroton, Irumed)
• Perindopril (Prestarium, Perineva)
• Fosinopril (Monopril, Fosicard)

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (sartans)

Since the beginning of the 2000s, the indications for the use of angiotensin-II receptor blockers have expanded significantly, including for hypertension as a first-line drug. These drugs are well tolerated. They are no more likely to cause side effects than placebos. It is believed that in case of hypertension they reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, and protect blood vessels, kidneys and other internal organs no worse than ACE inhibitors.

Perhaps sartans are a better choice than ACE inhibitors in uncomplicated hypertension, as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes in the presence of diabetic nephropathy (complications of diabetes on the kidneys). In any case, they are prescribed if a patient develops an unpleasant dry cough from taking an ACE inhibitor. The only problem is that angiotensin-II receptor blockers have so far been less studied. A lot of research has been done on them, but still less than on ACE inhibitors.

For arterial hypertension, angiotensin II receptor blockers are widely used in tablets that contain fixed combinations of 2 or 3 active ingredients. A common combination: sartan + thiazide diuretic + calcium channel blocker. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists can be combined with amlodipine, as can ACE inhibitors. This combination helps reduce leg swelling in patients.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers for hypertension are also prescribed in the following situations:

• cardiac ischemia;
• chronic heart failure;
• diabetes mellitus type 2;
• type 1 diabetes, regardless of whether kidney complications have already developed.

Sartans are not yet prescribed as first-choice drugs, but mainly for intolerance to ACE inhibitors. This is not due to the fact that angiotensin-II receptor antagonists are weaker, but because they have not yet been sufficiently studied.

• Angiotensin II receptor blockers - general information
• Losartan (Lorista, Cozaar, Lozap)
• Aprovel (Irbesartan)
• Mikardis (Telmisartan)
• Valsartan (Diovan, Valz, Valsacor)
• Teveten (Eprosartan)
• Candesartan (Atacand, Candecor)

Beta blockers

Beta blockers have been attacked in the medical press, but still maintain their position as one of the leading classes of drugs for hypertension. Prescribing these tablets is especially justified for patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, are diagnosed with angina pectoris, chronic heart failure, heart rhythm disorders or chronic kidney disease. Beta blockers also help against hypertension in young and middle-aged patients who have hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, or increased concentrations of catecholamines in the blood.

Hyperthyroidism is an excess of thyroid hormones in the blood. Catecholamines are hormones adrenaline, norepinephrine and others that are produced by the adrenal glands. These hormones cause vasospasm, “accelerate” the heart, and increase blood pressure in other ways. Glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure that can lead to blindness.

In elderly patients with hypertension, beta blockers are prescribed if there is concomitant coronary heart disease or chronic heart failure. This is called secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications. But if an elderly person’s hypertension is not complicated, i.e., the risk of a heart attack is low, then treatment with beta blockers is considered not advisable.

Carvedilol and nebivolol have less harmful effects on metabolism than other beta blockers. Therefore, they are considered the drugs of choice for patients with hypertension due to type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Carvedilol and nebivolol are special beta blockers that have the additional effect of relaxing and dilating blood vessels.

• Beta blockers - general information
• Carvedilol (Dilatrend, Coriol)
• Nebivolol (Nebilet, Binelol)
• Bisoprolol (Concor, Bidop, Biprol, Bisogamma)
• Metoprolol (Betalok, Vasocardin, Corvitol, Egilok)
• Propranolol (Anaprilin, Obzidan)

Second-line hypertension medications

Second-line medications for hypertension, as a rule, lower blood pressure no worse than drugs from the 5 main groups that we discussed above. Why were these drugs given supporting roles? Because they have significant side effects or are simply not well studied, there has been little research on them. Second-line hypertension medications are prescribed in addition to the main pills.

If a patient with hypertension has a prostate adenoma, the doctor will prescribe an alpha-1 adrenergic blocker. Methyldopa (dopegyt) is the drug of choice for controlling high blood pressure during pregnancy. Moxonidine (Physiotens) complements the combination treatment of hypertension in persons with concomitant type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and also if renal function is reduced.

Clonidine (clonidine) powerfully lowers blood pressure, but has severe side effects - dry mouth, lethargy, drowsiness. Do not treat hypertension with clonidine! This drug causes significant changes in blood pressure, a “roller coaster”, which is harmful to blood vessels. When treated with clonidine, heart attack, stroke or kidney failure will occur much faster.

Aliscren (Rasilez) is a direct renin inhibitor, one of the new drugs. It is currently used to treat uncomplicated hypertension. It is not recommended to combine rasilosis with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor blockers.

• Methyldopa (Dopegyt)
• Clonidine (Clonidine)
• Physiotens (Moxonidine)
• Coenzyme Q10 (Kudesan)

Is it worth the patient's time to thoroughly understand how different hypertension pills differ from each other? Of course yes! After all, it depends on how many more years a hypertensive patient will live and how “quality” these years will be. If you switch to a healthy lifestyle and choose the right medications, it is likely that you will be able to avoid the fatal complications of hypertension. After all, a sudden heart attack, stroke or kidney failure can easily turn an energetic person into a frail disabled person. Scientists are persistently researching new, increasingly advanced groups of drugs for hypertension that will help reduce the incidence of complications.

• Effective treatment of hypertension without drugs
• How to choose a medicine for hypertension: general principles
• How to take medications for hypertension in an elderly person

Bradycardia is not an independent disease, but it becomes a rather dangerous symptom of other pathologies and can lead to negative consequences for the entire body. In addition to taking medications and careful monitoring by a doctor, lifestyle changes are required. One of the foundations of complex therapy is proper nutrition for cardiac bradycardia. The main goal: to reduce the load on the muscle, improve performance and restore strength. There are no strict diets here, but diet correction will be the most significant method in preventing complications.

What kind of nutrition do people suffering from heart rhythm disturbances, namely bradycardia, require? Vitamins and microelements play a huge role; without them it is impossible to imagine the full functioning of the body. If the examination shows that you are developing bradycardia, or you are at risk, it is recommended to adhere to the following nutritional principles:

1. Add more fluids to your diet to ensure your heart gets enough water. You need to drink at least 1.5 liters of ordinary clean water, this way you can avoid vasoconstriction, avoid hypertension and other serious complications;
2. The most beneficial minerals for the heart are potassium and magnesium; try to ensure that you get the daily requirement with food; if possible, take a mineral complex after coordinating treatment with your doctor. Additionally, the body requires phosphorus and calcium; include foods rich in these substances in your menu;
3. Do not overeat, this will lead to excess weight, obesity and increased stress on the heart. Before each meal, drink a glass of water to dull the feeling of hunger a little; leave the table as soon as you realize that you have eaten a sufficient portion; there is no need to finish everything you put on your plate. It is better to eat more often, but in small portions;
4. Choose the lightest foods that are quickly digested and do not overload the gastric tract. You will have to reduce your consumption of fatty, fried, spicy, canned, smoked foods. Prepare vegetable salads, steamed cutlets, milk porridges;
5. Avoid excessive consumption of sugar and salt, these substances lead to edema and inhibit the digestion process, which negatively affects the entire life process.

Water intake must be coordinated with a cardiologist; for some categories of patients, excess fluid is contraindicated - everything is decided individually.

Such nutrition will help avoid complications, speed up recovery, and eliminate the occurrence of negative consequences. When treating, an integrated approach is extremely important, and if you take pills, eat them with smoked wings and wash them down with strong tea, the effectiveness of therapy will tend to zero.

What foods should be included in the diet?

As you have already understood, the foods on your table should contain potassium and magnesium in large quantities. What is recommended to eat?

• Vegetables and fruits - they are rich in vitamins that will strengthen the immune system and improve the general condition of the body. Be sure to eat carrots, apples, tomatoes, apricots and bell peppers;
• Greens – they can be added to salads and soups. The most useful are spinach and parsley;
• Meat - exclusively dietary varieties, for example, chicken, turkey and rabbit; it is better to steam them;
• Eggs - the yolk is especially useful, however, the number of eggs should be limited, no more than 1 piece. in a day;
• Dairy products - choose low-fat cottage cheese and kefir, but avoid sour cream and other dressings;
• Dried fruits – they also contain vitamins and can be a sugar substitute if you like to drink tea frequently;
• Seafood;
• Cereals - cook porridge or prepare a side dish with them, buckwheat and oatmeal are especially recommended;
• Whole grain coarse bread - give preference only to dark varieties.

You will have to cook with vegetable oil; if you are picky or like a varied diet, stock up on bottles of not only sunflower oil, but also corn and olive oil.

These foods should become frequent guests on your table, however, this does not mean that your diet will consist only of them; the diet is not strict. If you really want to eat some harmful delicacy, you can make an exception, but you should know when to stop.

What foods should you avoid?

Doctors have developed a list of the most dangerous products, the use of which will have to be stopped or at least limited. During treatment, you need to completely give up alcohol and all kinds of energy drinks, they are extremely harmful to the heart. In addition, you will have to eat less foods such as:

• Fatty meats and rich broths - soups need to be diluted with water;
• Canned food – even the “twists” from grandma will have to be abandoned;
• Spices and spicy foods - any seasonings can provoke new health problems;
• Fatty fish - for example, mackerel;
• Any smoked or fried food;
• Baked goods made from white flour.

Frequent consumption of coffee and strong tea is also prohibited; replace them with juices, compotes, fruit drinks, or brew green tea with herbs.

The most important thing: eat in moderation to avoid gaining excess weight. All kinds of cakes and sweets are not prohibited, but they can lead to an increase in the load on the heart. This should not be allowed during treatment.

Sample diet menu

When you figured out what your diet should be like if you have heart bradycardia, it’s time to create a sample menu, that is, determine what your diet for the whole day might be. Of course, recommendations should take into account your tastes, so that food is not a burden, but is enjoyable and enjoyable.

For example, nutritionists advise planning your menu as follows:

• Breakfast - prepare an omelet with tomatoes or milk, or eat a portion of cottage cheese with dried fruits, milk porridge with buckwheat. Choose compote or tea as a drink;
• Snack – fruit or yogurt. Alternatively, prepare a small portion of fruit salad and top it with low-fat yogurt;
• Lunch – vegetable soup, possibly in low-fat broth, preferably just water. Eat vegetables as a side dish, and a piece of lean fish or boiled chicken as a main course. Addition: juice, one apple or orange;
• Afternoon snack – juice, jelly or herbal tea, biscuits, or a glass of kefir with crackers;
• Dinner – fish or meat, stewed vegetables or oatmeal, tea.

No one is forcing you to eat exactly these foods; if you want to diversify your diet, stock up on dietary recipes that you will like. The most important thing is not to starve yourself, exhausting yourself with strict diets, but also not to overeat, because you won’t be able to lose extra pounds through physical activity; intense training is prohibited.

Nutrition for any heart pathologies should be coordinated with your doctor; it is possible that certain foods will be contraindicated for you. Do not self-medicate; if it worsens, immediately contact a cardiologist and take the necessary measures. It is recommended to keep a personal diary, where you will record all the dishes you eat during the day, as well as your own health, heart rate and blood pressure. This will simplify diagnosis and further treatment.

Warfarin is a drug prescribed to reduce blood clotting and prevent blood clots. The product is very popular all over the world and is used in phlebology and vascular surgery. The indication for the use of the drug may be not only an increased tendency to thrombus formation, but also conditions after a myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular replacement, or dangerous diseases of the cardiovascular system. If the patient is prescribed this drug, a special diet is drawn up while taking Warfarin, with which it is possible to maintain optimal levels of vitamin K in the blood.

Warfarin was first encountered in the first half of the last century, when cases of mass poisoning of cattle began to occur in Canada. The cause of death of the animals was internal bleeding, which occurred as a result of eating clover wet in the rain. Later it was found that this plant contains coumarin, a substance that is converted into dicumarol when interacting with moisture. Warfarin began to be widely used in pharmaceuticals and medicine after it was used to stop a heart attack.

What is Warfarin

Warfarin-like components contain products of plant and animal origin. Its natural antagonist is vitamin K. The daily intake of this substance is 60-80 mcg. The microelement enters the body with food. A healthy person does not need to monitor the amount of vitamin K in their diet, but patients taking Warfarin need to do so. The use of this drug for the treatment of pathologies of the heart, blood vessels and blood system requires constant monitoring of the INR. The lower this indicator, the higher the risk of blood clots.

You can start treatment with Warfarin only as prescribed by your doctor. This drug is classified as an anticoagulant. The action of the drug is aimed at reducing blood clotting. Even a slight deviation from the norm can lead to dangerous complications.

Indications for use of Warfarin:

• pathologies of the heart and blood vessels;
• prevention of myocardial infarction;
• atrial fibrillation;
• after blood vessel transplantation;
• to prevent complications after installation of artificial valves;
• with damage to the heart valves;
• cardiac ischemia;
• in the postoperative period.

The action of the drug Warfarin is aimed at thinning the blood and preventing the formation of blood clots. Proper use of this medicine will help improve the patient’s condition and prevent dangerous consequences. It is very important to choose the right dose, because an excess of the active component in the body can cause internal bleeding.

Warfarin tablets should be taken once a day, preferably at the same time. Optimally - at 17-19 hours. The duration of treatment is determined individually. The doctor must take into account the patient’s condition, the neglect of the pathological process, as well as the initial INR values ​​and the body’s reaction to the active substance.

Basic nutritional rules during treatment with Warfarin

A properly formulated diet is the key to successful recovery and prevention of complications. It is important to control the consumption of foods containing vitamin K, because it is this substance that neutralizes the effect of warfarin. It turns out that the simultaneous use of tablets and vitamin K nullifies the positive effect of treatment, which, in turn, leads to the formation of blood clots. If you completely refuse food that contains this trace element, the risk of bleeding will increase.

There are several general rules that must be followed by patients taking Warfarin:

1. Limit the intake of table salt into the body, as it promotes fluid retention. The maximum daily dose is 7 grams.
2. Limit the amount of liquid you drink (water, tea, compotes, juices, and soups) to 1.3 liters.
3. Eliminate from the diet foods containing substances that stimulate the activity of the central nervous system.
4. Avoid eating foods high in bad cholesterol, as its accumulation on the walls leads to blockage of the lumen of blood vessels.
5. Minimize the consumption of foods that can trigger flatulence.
6. The calorie content of the daily menu should not be more than 2500 kcal.
7. It is better to steam food, bake, boil, but not fry.
8. Take meals in small portions every two to three hours, do not overeat or go hungry.
9. Last meal three to four hours before going to bed.

What is allowed

The menu must include:

• porridges, which are a valuable source of carbohydrates (buckwheat, oatmeal);
• pasta from durum wheat;
• potatoes, steamed or boiled;
• greens with vegetables;
• fruits;
• lean meat (chicken, rabbit);
• what kind of fish?
• chicken egg (maximum one per day);
• low-fat fermented milk products;
• green, weak black tea.

Patients are allowed to drink fruit drinks and juices, compotes and decoctions. For sweets, cookies and diet bread are allowed. Also in the diet may be rye bread, olive or vegetable oil.

Do not think that the diet when taking Warfarin is monotonous, boring and tasteless. From permitted food products, you can prepare healthy dishes with excellent taste. Many patients use a multifunctional assistant for this - a multicooker. It greatly simplifies your work; you can cook healthy and tasty food easily and quickly.

List of prohibited products

Nutrition when taking Warfarin should be balanced and healthy so that the body receives enough strength to resist pathologies. You need to create a diet together with a specialist. It is important to exclude from the diet foods that reduce the effectiveness of therapy.

These include:

• flour products, baked goods, baked goods with white bread;
• canned foods;
• sausages, sausages, sausages;
• smoked meats;
• fatty cheeses;
• sweets, chocolate, cakes;
• fast food;
• citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes);
• fatty fish with meat and dairy products;
• Brewed coffee.

Warfarin is a strong anticoagulant with a wide range of applications, which is prescribed to patients with diseases of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems. When taking the drug, you must follow a diet in order to achieve a positive result from its use and prevent complications from occurring.

Cardiac bradycardia: what is the disease and why is it dangerous?

Types of bradycardia

The diagnosis of “Bradycardia” as a symptom is always taken into account in the treatment plan for the underlying disease. Changes can occur and affect any level of the process of impulse propagation through the heart muscle, therefore it is customary to distinguish between the following types of bradycardia:

• neurogenic - occurs when the central nervous system is damaged (brain tumors, meningitis, mental illness);
• associated with irritation of the vagus nerve - when taking certain medications and diseases (mediastinal tumors, inflammation of the middle ear, cholelithiasis, gastritis);
• sinus - appears when there are disorders in the sinus node associated with its functional insufficiency (starvation, vitamin deficiency, rheumatic damage to the heart muscle, atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels);
• atrioventricular block - a violation of the transmission of a nerve signal from the sinus node to the ventricles in the form of a slowdown or complete cessation (scar changes in myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels, the inflammatory process in severe forms of infectious diseases - myocarditis);
• toxic - occurs in case of poisoning with highly toxic substances, renal and liver failure, drug overdose;
• physiological - typical for people engaged in physical labor for a long time and athletes; they need a longer process of the ventricular filling phase to ensure a strong systolic ejection, the heart rate reaches 40 per minute with a good pulse.

Decreased thyroid function (myxedema) and decreased sympathetic nerve tone can also lead to a low pulse.

Sinus bradycardia in children occurs as a congenital anomaly that is inherited.

As can be seen from the listed reasons, a rare rhythm can occur suddenly against the background of the disease (acute form) and disappear as a result of treatment. With a long-term pathological process, for example, atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary vessels, bradycardia is a consequence of the disease (chronic form). You can read more about the causes of bradycardia in this article.

Clinical manifestations

The clinical picture does not have typical features: patients do not present characteristic complaints. There are signs of underlying pathology, and a decrease in pulse is detected during examination on an electrocardiogram.

When the rhythm decreases to 25–30 beats, a person experiences symptoms of cerebral circulatory failure:

• dizziness;
• noise in ears;
• impaired sensitivity of the skin of the hands and feet.

All signs of bradycardia are described in detail in this article.

A sudden attack of bradycardia is called Morgagni–Edens–Stokes. Characteristic clinical signs:

• first, the patient’s general anxiety, the face turns red;
• severe dizziness;
• loss of consciousness, general pallor and bluishness of the lips increases;
• the patient may suddenly fall;
• swelling of the neck veins;
• breathing becomes rare and deep;
• twitching of the muscles of the face, limbs, then general convulsions;
• dilated pupils;
• urinary and fecal incontinence.

A life-threatening situation arises. Attacks occur once every three years or several times a day. Digital determination of the pulse in the forearm and carotid artery is difficult due to the weak pulse wave and low blood pressure. The number of heartbeats can be counted by a doctor by auscultation or compression of the shoulder with a tonometer cuff.

To clarify the level of blockade, electrocardiographic monitoring is used in dynamics; in stationary conditions, Holter monitoring is used throughout the day. Electrodes are attached to the patient, which record all rhythm changes in the patient’s normal motor mode.

Treatment of bradycardia

Therapy requires action on the underlying disease or is symptomatic.

For neurogenic bradycardia and a decrease in heart rate to 40 - 50, you can drink a cup of sweet coffee or strong tea, take 15 drops of Zelenin, belladonna tincture, ginseng. Active physical movements help increase your heart rate.

It is necessary to discontinue medications that affect the rhythm, eliminate the overdose and remove excess potassium, apply anti-inflammatory treatment for rheumatism with hormonal drugs, and for acute complicated infarction, medications are prescribed that help localize the ischemic zone and speed up the scarring of necrosis.

Symptomatic drugs include drugs based on adrenaline and atropine. They are used in tablet form under the tongue, and are administered intravenously by emergency and hospital doctors.

First aid for attacks of the Morgagni-Edams-Stokes type is provided before the arrival of the medical team in the scope of resuscitation measures, since bradycardia is life-threatening. If the victim’s pulse cannot be determined, the main remedy is indirect cardiac massage. It is carried out on a hard surface (road surface, floor). You need to place a bag or bundle under your head. The massage should be done with moderate thrusts of the palms in the lower part of the sternum, kneeling next to the patient. The number of shocks should be approximately 60 per minute. You can learn about the techniques and techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation from this article.

If breathing stops, the person providing assistance should blow air into the patient's mouth once per three heartbeats. During artificial respiration, the patient's nose is pinched with the fingers.

Emergency assistance is carried out until specialists arrive or is stopped when the pulse is restored.

Forecast

Patients with bradycardia are constantly monitored by a cardiologist, and the dose of medications should be taken daily in accordance with the doctor's prescription. Lack of blood supply to the brain, heart and internal organs can cause a complex of symptoms:

• frequent dizziness, memory loss, behavior changes;
• angina attacks;
• a sudden fall may result in bruises, fractures, and head injuries;
• functional failure develops on the part of the liver and kidneys, and chronic diseases worsen;
• It is impossible to cure bradycardia with complete blockade using conservative methods; death is possible with the next unexpected attack.

You can read about the possibilities of drug treatment for bradycardia here.

Pacemaker to restore rhythm

Many authors consider the technique of suturing a pacemaker to be the only radical treatment for bradycardia in complete atrioventricular heart block. Modern devices for cardiac stimulation are small in size, they allow you to set the required contraction mode, and against this background, prescribe the necessary medications to eliminate heart failure.

The disadvantages of this type of treatment are:

• limited indications;
• inability to adapt the frequency to the emerging need;
• need to be replaced every 5 years.

Indications for surgery:

• the presence of regular attacks of dizziness;
• the need to use drugs for treatment that aggravate the blockade;
• progressive heart failure;
• frequent changes in brady-tachycardia (increased heart rate over 90);
• lack of effect from conservative therapy.

How is a pacemaker connected?

The operation is performed under general anesthesia and lasts about an hour. Through the subclavian vein, under the control of an X-ray machine, a double electrode is inserted into the right ventricle and atrium. The stimulator is sutured in the subclavian area or under the skin on the abdomen.

The patient spends no more than a week in the surgical department.

Prevention

Recommendations for prevention boil down to choosing a healthy lifestyle, a reasonable combination of work and leisure, playing feasible sports at any age, and long walks in the fresh air. Timely consultation with a doctor will help prevent the disease and prevent complications.

More articles on the topic of bradycardia

How to increase your heart rate without increasing your blood pressure: treatment methods

Bradycardia, a condition where the heart rate is constantly below normal, is a fairly common problem and can lead to many unpleasant symptoms. How to increase your heart rate without increasing your blood pressure? It is worth considering the safest and most effective ways to speed up your heart rate.

• When should you increase your heart rate?
• Pulse is low, blood pressure is high
• How to deal with the problem with normal blood pressure?
• What to do if you have high blood pressure?
• Folk remedies

The normal heart rate of a healthy adult is between 60 and 90 beats per minute. Depending on the level of physical activity and emotional state, fluctuations within these limits against the background of normal blood pressure indicate the health of the cardiovascular system and the body as a whole.

Tachycardia is a little more common - an increase in heart rate to 90–120 beats per minute on a constant basis. However, bradycardia is also a pathology, and it usually occurs as a result of existing health problems. In this condition, the pulse drops below 60 beats per minute.

There can be many causes of bradycardia. To determine the exact one, a full examination by a cardiologist is usually required. Problems can be associated both with the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, and with diseases of other organs. Constantly decreased heart rate, especially accompanied by poor health, should definitely alert you. The following factors can lead to this condition:

• increased intracranial pressure;
• intoxication of the body - poisoning with various toxic substances;
• side effects of certain drugs;
• diseases of the nervous system, psychological problems;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• disorders of the heart and blood vessels.

The heart rate may also decrease temporarily for many reasons. Bradycardia, which goes away on its own after some time, can be observed with severe bruises of the chest, with slight blood loss, when swimming in cold water, or freezing.

People who are dependent on changing weather conditions may also experience pulse fluctuations. If bradycardia is not caused by serious disturbances in the functioning of the body, you can increase the heart rate using traditional methods - they will help get rid of the symptoms that may arise in this case.

When should you increase your heart rate?

An attack of bradycardia in itself may not be a serious problem, so it is worth paying attention to associated symptoms that may occur. It is worth measuring your pulse and increasing it in the following cases:

• physical and mental weakness, severe drowsiness, insomnia may occur in rare cases;
• difficulty breathing, cold sweat;
• increase or decrease in blood pressure;
• severe dizziness, loss of coordination, nausea.

In severe cases, bradycardia can lead to loss of consciousness, especially with low blood pressure in the background. If your heart rate is below 50–60 beats per minute, you definitely need to take action as quickly as possible.

Pulse is low, blood pressure is high

Such a combination may not necessarily indicate a disease. In addition, a decrease in heart rate and an increase in blood pressure can be caused by various factors. However, in this case, it is advisable to use milder methods of accelerating the heart rate, since some of them usually affect blood pressure.

How to deal with the problem with normal blood pressure?

If there are no serious pathologies, and the heart rhythm is disturbed due to strong emotional or physical stress or changes in weather conditions, then you can restore it and get rid of bradycardia using home folk remedies. Experts do not advise taking various medications right away - it is better to try more gentle methods.

At home, if there are no pressure problems, it is advised first of all to drink strong tea or coffee, maybe with lemon. These drinks are good at stimulating the cardiovascular system during bradycardia. For the same purpose, you can use pharmacy tinctures that have a tonic effect. These include Echinacea and Eleutherococcus.

Also, if there are no serious disorders, light physical activity will help raise your heart rate. A few minutes of light exercise is enough - no strenuous exercise required. If there is a tendency to constant heart rhythm disturbances, it is advised to engage in some kind of light sport on a regular basis. People with similar problems are usually recommended to swim, run slowly in the morning, and exercise.

Spicy foods with lots of seasonings help increase your heart rate. You can use different spices, but the most useful are cumin, cloves, mustard, cinnamon, and nutmeg. At the same time, it is advised to avoid salt - this is especially important if you cannot increase your blood pressure.

What to do if you have high blood pressure?

In this case, you should be careful not to affect blood pressure when the heart rate accelerates. You can try brewing weak green tea with lemon - such a drink will have a slight tonic effect.

Corvalol will also be effective for high blood pressure. It helps to slightly raise your heart rate without affecting your blood pressure. This drug has a slight tonic effect.

Folk remedies

To increase your heart rate, you can use various herbal remedies and other folk medicines. Calendula, valerian, and yarrow will help normalize the heart rhythm:

1. A decoction based on yarrow is prepared as follows: pour a tablespoon of dried herb with a couple of glasses of water and boil for fifteen minutes, then leave for several hours. The finished broth should be filtered and taken one tablespoon four times a day.
2. You can also brew mint tea. To prepare it, take several leaves of dried mint and mix them with green tea leaves. The tea should be steeped for up to half an hour, then diluted and added lemon.

In addition, for bradycardia, you can try the following remedy. A small amount of walnuts should be peeled, chopped, add a little lemon zest, sesame seeds, and pour honey over everything. You can add a little lemon juice and cinnamon to the mixture. Mix in a glass container, then leave in a cool, dark place for a couple of days. Folk medicine can be taken for bradycardia, a tablespoon several times a day.

It is worth remembering that if a decreased pulse is observed gradually for no apparent reason and many unpleasant symptoms occur, you should consult a cardiologist. Some pathologies of the heart and blood vessels begin with this condition, so you can miss them at the initial stage. If you are prone to bradycardia, you should give up bad habits, alcohol and smoking.

The diet for bradycardia is not strictly specific. Its main principles are healthy eating and the use of heart-healthy foods in the diet. Controlling body weight and giving up bad habits: smoking and drinking alcohol are also of great importance.

What should be the therapeutic diet for bradycardia?

There is no need to follow any strict diets for bradycardia. But it is worth adhering to certain principles. The fact is that bradycardia (decreased heart rate) is not a disease. This is one of the symptoms of damage to the heart muscle (myocardium) of an inflammatory or metabolic-dystrophic nature.

In order to minimize the load on the already damaged myocardium, you should monitor your weight, so foods such as fatty meat, high-fat dairy products and easily digestible carbohydrates (all sweets, including sweet carbonated drinks, cakes, pastries, etc.). You should also not eat a lot of fried, smoked and canned foods. It is better to slightly undersalt all dishes.

The diet of people with bradycardia should include lean meat, sea fish (it can also be fatty), seafood, dairy products, cottage cheese, low-fat hard cheese, porridge (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, corn), vegetable soups, borscht, stewed and fresh vegetables, fruits, dried fruits. It is better to give preference to products prepared by boiling, stewing or steaming. Meals should be frequent (5-6 times a day) and fractional (small portions).

In order to eliminate toxic effects on the myocardium, you should not smoke or drink alcohol. Introducing foods that are good for the heart muscle into the diet will further strengthen the functioning of the heart muscle (myocardium).

Nutrition for bradycardia - vital fats

Since fats, along with carbohydrates, are also a source of energy for the heart muscle, their inclusion in the diet is mandatory. It is especially important to consume fats that contain fatty acids that are well absorbed by the human body. These fats include polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). All of them are divided into two main families - Omega-3 and Omega-6. Omega-3 PUFAs are more unsaturated than Omega-6. Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are essential fatty acids that the human body cannot synthesize on its own, so they must be obtained from food. Omega-3 fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, alpha-linolenic acids; they normalize metabolic processes and participate in the synthesis of biologically active substances necessary for cellular metabolism. They prevent the development of atherosclerosis, have cardioprotective (protect the myocardium from various influences) and antiarrhythmic effects, regulate inflammatory processes in the body and immunity. In addition, Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are a component of cell membranes and a source of energy.

Omega-3 PUFAs are found in large quantities in fish oil. And since fish oil obtained from sea fish, the latter should be included in the diet of people suffering from bradycardia. The diet should contain both low-fat and fatty varieties of sea fish. There are also a lot of Omega-3 PUFAs in flaxseed oil. Omega-6 PUFAs are found in corn and sunflower oil.

Nutrition for bradycardia - without potassium, magnesium and calcium, the heart muscle cannot work fully.

Potassium is called the heart vitamin because it is the main intracellular cation in heart muscle cells. Potassium is found in the following plant foods: baked potatoes, fresh cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, cabbage, watermelons, melons, bananas , oranges, red currants, lingonberries, dried fruits (dried apricots, figs, prunes, raisins), almonds, pine nuts , peanuts. There is potassium in products of animal origin, such as liver, fish, and cottage cheese. It is still necessary to take into account that potassium inhibits the conduction of cardiac impulses, therefore, with 2-3 degree heart blockades, you should not consume too many foods that contain it.