Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations for fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to give to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What medicines are the safest?
The intervertebral disc in the lumbar spine withstands a load of 420 kg/cm 2 . And this means that every healthy person without harm to their health could lift and rearrange a car! But the question is how he will do it. If he bends his legs at the knee joints and straightens them without bending the lower back, rearranging the car, nothing bad will happen. If he lifts the car due to flexion and extension in the lower back, a breakdown will occur in the intervertebral disc.
Ideally, lifting equipment should be made by workers of the same size. The individual must take the lead to ensure proper coordination. If one of the workers lifts the load too early, or shifts or lowers it incorrectly, any of them may be injured.
Lifting and carrying loads Properly. This presentation will show you the correct way to lift and transport loads while avoiding injuries and accidents. The part of the body most affected during moving loads is the spine. But other parts of the body are also affected, for example: the joints, the circulatory system and the muscles and the pool. The most important rules to be observed in this case are: Do not lift too heavy loads; Lift and load using the correct technique.
With flexion, the load on the intervertebral disc in the lumbar spine increases 20 times.
Fig. 8 Correct position of the spine when brushing teeth
Fig. 9 Incorrect position of the spine when brushing teeth
Fig. 10 Correct body position when unscrewing the wheel nuts
This presentation is intended primarily for healthy people. If you have back problems or lower limbs joints, or if your ability to physical activity limited, it is recommended that you consult your doctor before starting any lifting operation. In particular, it covers the following topics: the importance of proper lifting technique and the basic rules of transport for lifting and transporting loads, which should be avoided, and what are the maximum loads that we can carry?
This presentation is accompanied by images showing the activities of the builders. Lift and weight. Even when lifting weights, be sure to bend your knees, and this is equivalent to simply gym. However, if the weight is more than 5 kg, you must pay attention to the position of the body, that is, you need to lift the load with your back straight and bend your knees. Proper lifting technique not only benefits the intervertebral discs, but also the entire musculoskeletal system. And that's not all: if the technique is correct, the movements made can be good exercise to strengthen muscles.
Rice. 11. Incorrect body position when unscrewing the wheel nuts
Rice. 12. Improper lifting of objects from the floor
Rice. 13. Improper lifting of objects from the floor
If you take the weight incorrectly, the intervertebral discs become deformed and compress more in the front than in the back. The stronger the front and heavy weight of the torso, the higher the load, the greater the pressure on the intervertebral discs, which leads to injury or injury to the back. Figure 1 If the lifting technique is correct, the back should be straight. Figure 2 We load evenly distributed across the intervertebral discs. Figure 3 Lift the load with an arched back. Figure 4 Deformation of the intervertebral disc.
Even when the load is placed on the floor, the basic rule is to bend your legs and keep your back straight. Figure 5 Lifting the load correctly. If you have questions about this topic, you should contact your supervisor or security. Figure 7 If possible, distribute the load evenly.
Rice. 14. Lifting objects from the floor is especially dangerous for the lumbar spine.
Rice. 15. Proper lifting of objects from the floor
When lifting something heavy, you should bend your legs at the knee joints, and not your back (Fig. 16, 17, 18);
Figure 8 The best way to carry the weight is to support them on the shoulders while keeping the back straight! Bend your back. Flexion. Spasmodic movements. Twisting of the body when lifting and lowering the load. Lifting and transferring loads with one-sided weight. Reduced vision. Figure 9 Avoid arching your back. This happens when his own powers are called upon. Figure 12 Often boxes are stacked on top of each other, thus blocking the point of view. Attention, because climbing up and down stairs with hidden vision can become very dangerous.
It is safer to keep the load as close to you as possible - with this mode of action, the load on the spine is the smallest;
When carrying heavy loads, it is unacceptable to bend forward sharply or unbend back;
When lifting weights, avoid turning the torso (Fig. 16), since this combination of movements is one of the common causes of “lumbago”;
So make sure you always have a clear idea! Figure 10 When you lift and drop a load, do absolutely everything necessary to avoid twisting the chest. Figure 11 As you move the weight from the side, take an intermediate step.
If you don't know the actual weight it will carry, it's good to try, but be very careful. Try to maintain the correct body position. If the load is too heavy or requires significant physical effort to lift and transport, one of the following solutions must be chosen: use of standard equipment: trolleys or cranes; If possible, split the load and do two or more rides; carry the load in two. Figure 16 Even light weights can become tiring if you have to walk very long distances.
In the absence of a back bend in thoracic region spine (kyphosis) wearing a backpack on the back is not recommended;
It is advisable to lift and carry loads alone or together using improvised means - a stretcher, a wheelbarrow or a trolley help to avoid harmful overloads of the spine.
Osteochondrosis is a human disease as a biological species. Mass morbidity is associated primarily with the vertical position of a person, in which the load on the spine and intervertebral discs is much higher than in animals.
So if the path is long, you must split the weight. If the weight cannot be shared, it is good to use a vehicle. Figure 15 Two is much better. We often wonder how ready we are to lift and carry loads or how many pounds these operations can be dangerous and lead to situations of excessive physical strength or health problems. The reference values are 25 kg for men and 15 kg for women. For each person, the weight that can be moved without any risk can also be heavier or lighter.
With this disease, discs suffer - cartilaginous pads between the vertebrae, due to which the intervertebral foramens narrow, and the spinal nerve roots that exit through them are infringed. It causes severe pain. But if those suffering from osteochondrosis learn to sit, stand, lie down correctly, then they can prevent or reduce pain.
The determining factors for assessing a person's weight are the load itself and the situation. Human: A person's ability to lift and carry loads varies by gender and age, as shown in the table People with training, good physical constitution can lift loads heavier than what is indicated in the table. For example, many experts builders and furniture movers do it every day and won't do any harm. However, it must be said that they have developed musculature, are well trained and developed, and know how to lift and transport loads using the correct technique.
HOW TO SIT CORRECTLY
Avoid furniture that is too upholstered - it is not for you. To prevent the weight of the body from putting excessive pressure on the spine, the body must be supported by the ischial tuberosities, and this is possible only on hard seats.
The following requirements are imposed on the furniture on which you have to sit for a long time:
When carrying a load, it must be centralized so that the weight is well divided to maintain load stability. Situation: in this case, the determining factors are the distance traveled, the characteristics of the path, the height and frequency of ascent and auxiliary vehicles. You must perform a hazard check when lifting and carrying a load. The ideal limit for carrying cargo is 12 kg for men and 7 kg for women. It is recommended not to lift and carry the weight of people who are not physically fit for the task.
Performing this activity without necessary training and without training can lead to physical illness for a short time due to overvoltage. Age Men Women Table 1 Permissible maximum loads correspond to age and sex. Even with mechanical assistance when lifting a load, we find certain things that need to be done manually. To avoid unnecessary deformations, we must do it right. This has been said a few times, but there are still many climbing injuries.
The height of the chair, armchair should correspond to the length of the lower leg - it is necessary that the leg rests on the floor. For people of small stature, it is recommended to substitute a bench under their feet.
The maximum depth is approximately 2/3 of the length of the hips.
Under the table there should be enough space for the legs so that they do not have to be strongly bent.
If you are forced to sit for a long time, try about every 15 to 20 minutes. stretch a little, change the position of the legs.
Key points for safe weight lifting. Wear gloves to protect your hands when lifting materials with sharp edges or rough surfaces. Many loads are dropped when the arms are hit by some kind of projection at the moment it is raised, reaching the legs. The firmness of the legs is necessary to attempt to lift an object of any significant weight. Many strains are the result of imbalance. In this case, the weight of the load is thrown onto the back muscles. Leg position determines if you are well balanced. They should be slightly separated from each other. Folding your knees to lift weight with your leg muscles is a basic safety requirement. If you are assembling a box, arrange it diagonally, taking opposite corners. The spine should be almost straight. Twisting the spine too much can cause serious injury to the spine. Remember that the spine is made up of small vertebrae interspersed with a gelatinous disc. After releasing the load, stay close to the body to avoid straining the arm muscles and maintain the person's balance. Slow lifting is another basic safety recommendation. Slowly apply your strength to the elevator. Rise up slowly with your legs extended, keeping your back straight and the box close to your body. If the load is too heavy, you will first learn how to return the load to its original position. Ask for help when you need it and feel free to do so. Here are some tips: select the boot first, don't try to be the strongest. When in doubt, ask for help: make sure your feet are firmly planted on the floor, and if there is any unevenness in place, keep your feet slightly apart, about 30 centimeters apart, place your feet near the base of the object. This is important because you are not putting all the stress on your back muscles, bend your knees, keeping your back straight and as high as possible.
- Hand protection is paramount.
- We must avoid pinching fingers and cuts on the hands.
- Even if you are wearing gloves, you must make sure that your hands are safe.
Make sure your back is snug against the back of the chair.
Sit straight without tilting your head too much and without bending your torso so as not to strain the muscles of the body.
If your work requires you to read for a long time every day, make a device on the table (must stand) that supports the book at a sufficient height and inclined to the table so that you do not have to bend your upper body forward.
Therefore, be sure to use the strength of your leg muscles and muscles, as your back does not have muscles for this purpose. When you need to pick up your bags or take your son's hand, your back gets very tense. In this situation, microtrauma causes damage in the long run. This is especially true if the movement is performed incorrectly. After reading this lesson, you can get helpful tips and correct instructions for lifting heavy loads when they are below or at knee height.
Increasing the load is a fairly simple action, but if done incorrectly, it can put strain on the back. When you need to pick up something that slipped out of your hands or fell out of instinct's pocket, you were bent over to fold the chest forward and bend your knees slightly. This movement is wrong, even if you need to pick up something light; in fact, the back is exerting effort and the muscles are not helping the spine support the weight of the body. This is to the detriment of the lumbar region and paravertebral muscles and causes the famous stroke.
Try to sit relaxed while driving. It is important that the back has good support. To do this, put a thin roller between the lower back and the back of the chair, which will help maintain the lumbar fold. Keep your head straight. After several hours of driving, get out of the car and do elementary gymnastic exercises: turns, bends, squats - 8-10 times each.
How to bend to lift heavy loads
In order to properly lift and handle loads, lift the object slightly from the feet, the feet must be in line with the shoulders and knees bent on the floor. If this movement is done, the back is straight and the shoulders are slightly forward, so that you can safely take the load. When you lift a load you should never arch your back, this position requires strength in your arms and especially in your legs.
Even if you are in a hurry, the movements do not need to be started, otherwise the muscle may suffer from microbreeding, that is, break. If you cannot lift the load, it means that it is too heavy. Even then, you can cause back injury. Thus, it can be argued that if you are lifting weights, the wrong way to resent is the lumbar region. Instead, if the load is too heavy, your knees will suffer a lot. If you are experiencing discomfort or pain, you should not lose sight of the situation.
Do not sit or lie in one position for a long time in front of the TV screen. Change it periodically, get up to stretch. Sat for 1-1.5 hours, lean back in a chair or armchair, relax your muscles, take a few deep breaths.
HOW TO STAND CORRECTLY
When a person stands for a long time, the spine experiences significant stress, especially its lumbar region.
Change your position every 10-15 minutes, while leaning on one or the other leg, this will reduce the load on the spine.
If possible, walk on the spot, move.
From time to time, bend back, stretching your arms up, take a deep breath. This can somewhat relieve fatigue from the muscles of the shoulder girdle, neck, neck, back.
If you wash dishes, iron clothes, alternately put one or the other foot on a small bench or box. It is better for those suffering from osteochondrosis to iron while sitting or placing an ironing board so that they do not have to bend low.
While cleaning the apartment, while working with a vacuum cleaner, also try not to bend low, it is better to extend the hose with additional tubes. When cleaning under the bed, kneel under the table.
To pick up an object from the floor, squat down or bend over, bending your knees and resting your hand on a chair or table. So you don't overload lumbar spine.
HOW TO LIFT AND MOVE WEIGHTS PROPERLY
One of the main reasons for the exacerbation of osteochondrosis and the formation of herniated discs, especially in the lumbosacral region, is lifting and carrying heavy loads. Acute, unexpectedly there is pain in the lower back in those cases when they lift weights sharply, jerkily, and then carry a heavy object to the side, while turning the torso.
Do not carry a heavy load in one hand, especially for a long distance, so as not to overload the spine, separate the load and carry it in both hands. It is unacceptable to hold the weight, sharply bend and unbend (lean back).
In general, a patient with osteochondrosis can lift and carry weights of more than 15 kg. undesirable. We advise you to purchase a trolley or bag on wheels.
For carrying heavy loads over long distances, a backpack with wide straps is very convenient. The weight of a full backpack is distributed by the weight of the spine, and the hands remain free.
But if you really have to lift heavy things, follow these rules:
- Put on, if you have, a weightlifting belt or any wide belt;
- Squat down, while the back should be straight, the neck is straightened;
- Grabbing the weight with both hands, rise without bending your back.
HOW TO LIE CORRECTLY
It is better to sleep not on a soft bed, but not on boards either. The bed should be semi-rigid so that the body, when a person lies on his back, retains physiological curves (cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis). For this:
Place a shield over the entire width of the bed or sofa, and foam rubber 5-8 cm thick on top. Cover it with a woolen blanket and lay a sheet.
When giving pain in the leg, you can knee-joint to put a roller from a blanket - this reduces the stretching of the sciatic nerve and relieves pain in the leg.
When the back hurts, many patients prefer to sleep on their stomach. So that the lower back does not bend much, which causes more great pain Place a small pillow under your lower abdomen.
Side sleepers can sleep with one foot on the other, and a hand under their head.
This will be of interest to you:
It is very difficult for patients with acute manifestations of osteochondrosis to get out of bed in the morning. Do this:
- first do some simple exercises with your arms and legs;
- then if you sleep on your back, turn on your stomach;
- lower one foot to the floor;
- leaning on this leg and arms, transfer the weight of the body to the knee and gradually get up without making sudden movements.
And one more piece of advice. For those who love a bath, dry steam (sauna) is preferable, and during an exacerbation, the sauna will have to be abandoned.
