How to find the pressure in. Formula for determining the pressure of solids

In medicine, systolic pressure is called blood pressure in the arteries at the moment of contraction of the heart muscle, and diastolic - the pressure at the moment of relaxation of the heart muscle. While both measures are important in their own right, for certain purposes (for example, to find out how well the organs are supplied with blood), it is also important to know the average arterial pressure. This value can be easily calculated using the following formula: (2(DBP)+SBP)/3 where DBP is diastolic pressure and SBP is systolic pressure.

Steps

Part 1

Measure your blood pressure. In order to calculate your mean arterial pressure, you must know your systolic and diastolic pressure. If you don't already know your blood pressure, then measure it. There are many different (and sometimes bizarre) ways to measure blood pressure, but all you need to get a more or less reliable measurement result is a tonometer and a phonendoscope. As a reminder, systolic pressure is the value on the pressure gauge at which you hear the first beat through the phonendoscope, and diastolic pressure is the value at which you stop picking up a heartbeat.

• If you do not know how to measure blood pressure, then below you will find step by step instructions(or refer to our article on the subject).
• You can also contact a nearby clinic or pharmacy to have your blood pressure measured.

1. Using the formula (2(DBP)+SAD)/3. If you know your diastolic and systolic blood pressure readings, it is very easy to determine your mean arterial pressure. Simply multiply your diastolic pressure by two, add your systolic pressure, and divide the result by three. Mean diastolic pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, which is standard in pressure measurements.

   Alternatively, the formula 1/3(SBP - DBP) + DBP is used. This simple equation is another way to calculate mean arterial pressure. Subtract the diastolic pressure from the systolic, divide the result by three, and add the diastolic pressure. You will get the same result as using the first equation.

   • Using the same blood pressure values ​​as in the first case, we get the mean arterial pressure equal to: 1/3(120 - 87) + 87 = 1/3(33) + 87 = 11 + 87 = 98 mmHg Art.

2. An approximate result of the mean arterial pressure value can be obtained using the following formula: CO × TPVR. In certain situations, this equation using cardiac output (CO, measured in L/min) and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR, measured in mmHg) is used to provide a quick, rough estimate of a patient's mean arterial pressure. Although the results of this equation are not 100% accurate, they are usually used as a rough estimate. Note that CO and TPVR are usually measured in a hospital environment with special equipment (although there are fairly simple methods for determining them).

   • In women, normal cardiac output is typically ~5 L/min. If we assume that her OPSS is 20 mm Hg. Art. (which is closer to upper bound norm), then her mean arterial pressure will correspond to 5 × 20 = 100 mmHg st

3. Use a calculator if necessary. Note that it is not necessary to manually calculate mean arterial pressure. If you're in a hurry, there are plenty of online calculators (like this one) that will allow you to instantly calculate your mean arterial pressure by simply plugging in your blood pressure values.

Part 2

"Normal" mean arterial pressure values. As with systolic and diastolic pressure readings, a certain range of mean arterial pressure values ​​is considered "normal" for a healthy person. Although some healthy people mean arterial pressure values ​​may be outside these ranges, they may also indicate the possibility of developing dangerous cardiovascular conditions. In general, mean arterial pressure values ​​are within 70-110 mmHg Art. are considered normal.

Consult a specialist if your mean arterial or blood pressure values ​​are not normal. If your resting mean arterial pressure is outside the normal range, although you are most likely not in danger, you should still consult with your doctor about an in-depth study. The same applies to non-standard values ​​at rest of systolic and diastolic pressure (which should be 120 and 80 mm Hg, respectively). Don't put off seeing a doctor - many cardiovascular conditions respond well to treatment if they are noticed before they develop into a serious problem.

1. Conditions affecting mean arterial pressure. It is important to know that for some diseases and when taking certain medical preparations the perception of what is considered "normal" mean arterial pressure is changing. In these cases, the doctor will ensure that the mean arterial pressure does not go beyond the new limits and does not lead to serious complications. If you are unsure how your medical condition or medications you are taking affects your mean blood pressure range, contact your doctor immediately:

   • Head injury patients
   • Patients with certain types of aneurysms
   • Patients suffering septic shock and those on vasoconstrictor drugs
   • Patients receiving vasodilator infusions

Part 3

1. Feel your pulse. If you are not sure what your resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure values ​​are, then measuring the pressure with a mechanical sphygmomanometer is not at all difficult. All you need is a blood pressure monitor and a phonendoscope, which you can easily find at your nearest pharmacy. You should be at rest, sit down and feel for a pulse in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe inside of the elbow or wrist under the base thumb. Put on the phonendoscope to get ready for the next step.

   • If you can't find a pulse, try using a stethoscope. When you hear light, constant beats - you have found the right point.

2. Inflate the cuff that is on your upper arm. Take a blood pressure monitor and fasten the cuff to the bicep of the same arm on which you found the pulse. Most modern cuffs have velcro straps that are easy to use. When the cuff fits snugly (but not tight), use a bulb to inflate it. Look at the pressure gauge - you need it to show pressure by about 30 mm Hg. Art. higher than your expected systolic blood pressure. As soon as you hear the first beat in the phonendoscope, write down the value indicated by the pressure gauge needle. This is your systolic pressure. In other words, this is the pressure when the arteries are at their most tense after a heartbeat.

   • Once the cuff pressure is the same as your systolic pressure, blood can flow under the cuff when the heart beats. Therefore, we use the reading of the manometer needle at the first audible heartbeat as an indicator of systolic pressure.

3. Wait for the beats to disappear. Keep listening. As soon as the pulse beats that you heard through the phonendoscope have stopped, write down the pressure gauge. This is your diastolic pressure. In other words, this is the pressure when the arteries relax between heartbeats.

   • Once the pressure in the cuff has equaled your diastolic pressure, blood can flow freely under the cuff even between heartbeats. Therefore, you no longer hear a pulse, and therefore we use the pressure gauge reading at the time of the last audible heartbeat as an indication of diastolic pressure.

4. Factors affecting blood pressure."Normal" blood pressure readings are typically below 80 for diastolic and below 120 mmHg. Art. for systolic pressure. If any of these indicators are exceeded, you may not need to worry. Many factors, both major and minor, affect a person's blood pressure. If one of the factors below occurs in your case, then wait until its effect wears off.

   • The state of stress and nervous excitement
   • recent meal
   • recent exercise
   • Recent use of alcohol, tobacco, drugs
   • Note that if you have persistently high blood pressure, then you need to see a doctor, even though you feel good. This may be a sign of hypertension (high blood pressure) or an indication of its development, which can lead to serious complications over time.

Blood pressure calculator

What is commonly understood in medicine under the concept of "blood pressure"? In simple terms, it is customary to understand blood pressure as the force with which blood acts on the vascular wall during contractions of the heart muscle. In medical practice, certain limits have developed, which are the boundaries of the norm of blood pressure, everything that is higher is hypertension, everything that is lower is hypotension. Both conditions carry very serious risks for human health - up to strokes and heart attacks (cardiovascular diseases occupy the first lines in the ratings of causes of death in the Russian Federation). The FOX-calculator project has developed an online calculation for you, with which you can easily determine whether your blood pressure is within normal limits.

Calculation of the norm of pressure for each age group

Get a better picture of the job of cardio-vascular system allows you to know the norm of your blood pressure (BP). It comes in two types:

- systolic or upper;

- diastolic or lower.

The first determines the effect of blood when the heart is active, and the second in the process of rest. Normal blood pressure is 110-130 / 65-85 mm Hg, and the maximum allowable is 100/60 and 140/90. Indicators when measuring the right and left hands can differ up to 10 mm Hg. Changes in blood pressure can be caused by temperature changes, a sudden change in body position, physical activity, etc.

Other types of blood pressure

In addition to the listed blood pressure, it can be pulsed and average.

Medium pressure, covering the entire cardiac cycle, is calculated according to a formula that includes the values ​​of cardiac output and index, as well as stroke volume. Its optimal indicator is the range of 80-95 points. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic values, which should not exceed 45 points.

How is mean blood pressure calculated?

This parameter can be determined not only on expensive equipment, but also independently.

1. Using the standard formula;
2. Using Hickam's formula;
3. Using the Wetzler and Boger formula;
4. Using the Stavitsky formula.

The standard formula means the following actions: subtract the upper BP value and divide by three, and add the total to the lower BP. The final figure, which is in the range of 80-95 points, is considered normal.

If you calculate according to the Hickam formula, then the pulse value is divided by three and added to the diastolic parameter.

The most difficult method for calculations is the use of the Stavitsky formula. To find the desired figure, you will need to multiply the lateral systolic blood pressure and the systole time. Add the minimum diastolic pressure to the result. Systole and diastole should be measured in seconds. The result is divided by the time of the cardiac cycle.

The average pressure does not directly depend on the fluctuations of the upper and lower parameters, even with age it should not change.

Attention! If the average value is less than 60 points, then the person is in critical condition.

Table “Normal blood pressure depending on the age of a person”:

Arterial pressure	Systolic blood pressure mm Hg Art.	Diastolic blood pressure mmHg Art.
Normal blood pressure (less than represented value - hypotension)
Optimal blood pressure	Less than 120 mmHg Art.	Less than 80 mmHg Art.
normal blood pressure	Less than 130 mmHg Art.	Less than 85 mmHg Art.
Elevated normal blood pressure	130-139 mmHg Art.	85-89 mmHg Art.
High blood pressure (hypertension)
1 degree GB (hypertension)	140-159 mmHg Art.	90-99 mmHg Art.
2 degree GB (hypertension)	160-179 mmHg Art.	100-109 mmHg Art.
3 degree GB (hypertension)	Blood pressure is: more than 180 mm Hg. Art.	Blood pressure is: more than 110 mm Hg. Art.
Borderline hypertension	140-149 mmHg Art.	Blood pressure is: less than 90 mm Hg. Art.
Isolated systolic hypertension	Blood pressure is: more than 140 mm Hg. Art.	Blood pressure is: less than 90 mm Hg. Art.

Video instruction: how to independently measure your own pressure using a mechanical tonometer?

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