Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations for fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to give to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What medicines are the safest?
The phrase " arterial pressure” is most often used in their vocabulary by older people. In order to understand well the causes of high or low blood pressure and the negative consequences of such a state of the body, one must have a good understanding of medicine. But each person in any case can replenish his knowledge, if it is vitally necessary for him. In this article, you can find answers to the most common questions about blood pressure, which has been talked about more and more lately.
Recent research suggests that the most risk-taking behavior is due to a lack of synchronization between the growth of the limbic system, which controls emotions and puberty, becomes more hyperactive and the prefrontal cortex of puberty later, and promotes intelligent evaluation and control of impulses. We now know that the prefrontal cortex still changes significantly during the third decade of life. At the same time, the receipt seems to start earlier, which prolongs the "years of lack of sync".
The plasticity of the network connecting different areas of the brain, rather than the growth of these areas, as previously thought, is the key to adult behavior over time. Understanding this, and knowing that today's children are widening their gap between emotion networking and evaluation networks, will help parents, teachers, counselors, and teens. People will be more aware that behaviors such as taking risks, seeking strong emotions, and being disgusted by parents are not symptoms of cognitive or emotional problems.
Basics about blood pressure
Blood pressure is created by the flow of blood inside the vessels - arteries. It quickly changes in direct proportion to physical activity, the current psychological and physiological state of a person and the weather. There are two limits for measuring the level of blood pressure: the upper one is the greatest contraction of the heart, the lower one is complete relaxation.
This is a natural effect of brain development, a normal part of adolescence learning how to cope in a complex world. The same knowledge can also make it easier for adults to intervene. Leaning a 16-year-old to ride without a helmet or take risky bets isn't trivial, but it's probably a symptom of thinking only in the short term and under peer pressure, not for self-harm. A better understanding of adolescent brains will help us all learn to distinguish age-appropriate atypical behaviors from actions that may indicate illness.
Basic rules for obtaining a true blood pressure measurement result:
- stay calm;
- do not smoke or drink coffee an hour before the measurement;
- do not eat for half an hour before manipulation;
- empty the bladder;
- the hand should be relaxed and comfortably placed on the table;
- it is best to measure the pressure twice on both hands;
- follow the rules for operating a device that measures blood pressure.
Normal pressure in an adult: the limits of the norm
It is rather difficult to specifically answer such a question, since each person has his own peculiarities of the organism, which affect the measurement figures. But still, there are certain medical standards that have been used for several decades. Unfortunately, the fast pace of modern life adversely affects the health of many people, and now even young people are increasingly complaining about high blood pressure.
Such awareness can enable the public to reduce the incidence of drug abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, road traffic accidents, unwanted pregnancies, homicide, depression and youth suicide. The biggest problem of today's teenagers is the constant struggle for position. Young people must prove at every turn that they are the best, says Alexandra Byalchak, author of the novel Lola. A young girl, a teenager, who has been waiting a few months for high school.
After a suicide attempt, she goes to a youth psychiatric ward, shocks her, and begins to change her personality. Lola has a borderline personality known as "borderline". This is a personality disorder, and what characterizes it is an eternal fall from extreme to extreme. In a minute he loves, in another he hates. He is very happy to feel endless sadness or anger later. Emptiness and chaos alternate in her head.
The fixed norm, which every person knows, is 120/80 mm Hg. Art. But in real life, standard blood pressure indicators in healthy person the upper limit does not exceed 130 mm. rt. Art., lower - no more than 85. The pulse should be within 60-80 beats per minute. Such fluctuations are due to adaptation to the conditions of life. Therefore, an episodic increase in pressure by 10 mm Hg. Art. due to psycho-emotional experiences, physical exertion, weather or climate, it is not a sign of a disease, but a natural reaction of the body.
Among these extremes is the balancing act between past and present. What is the biggest problem for Lola - misunderstanding with family or difficult relationships with peers? Of course, being in your sister's shadow and being "worse" forever influenced her further decisions, but it was a victim of persecution that caused her to fall into a spiral that could end in tragedy.
How is it possible that Lola can't be friends or make friends in the "normal" world and she's in the hospital? In the "normal" world, not only could no one understand her, but no one wanted to. But in the hospital she met people with similar problems. Sensitive to human harm, such as she is. No one has to hide in the hospital, no one pretends. Because of this, they were able to help each other.
Gender and age also significantly affect normal performance. In general, women have slightly lower blood pressure than men. Age also plays an important role in the boundary indicators of blood pressure, especially since over the years a person often acquires a lot of diseases that directly affect pressure.
Is this a book for young people? I would like even one person to feel after reading it that it is not too late, that not only one person in this world understands this. Many behaviors of 16- or 17-year-olds seem completely meaningless to them.
Perhaps "Lola" will help them understand the behavior of their children. In this case, is Lola the average teenager? Certainly not your typical teenager, which doesn't change the fact that there are few people who - at Lola's age - don't lose control of what goes on in their minds.
Young people at every turn - at school, at home, among friends and peers - must prove that they are the best. The child comes home from school, says he got five and heard from his parents: “Why not six?” Teachers also expect us to be the best. As a result, teenagers are constantly fighting for position. Because of the pressure from family, school and peers, there is such a trendy coaching and constant belief that we can achieve anything. They are also motivational books with the message: you are the best, you are number one, you are unique and unique.
In addition, the elasticity of blood vessels decreases due to deposits on the walls.
Causes of high blood pressure
Factors that lead to increased blood pressure:
- excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages;
- smoking;
- constant fatigue;
- frequent nervous overload and stress;
- overweight;
- the presence of diabetes;
- excessive consumption of salty foods;
- hereditary predisposition;
- a profession associated with great psychological and emotional stress;
- ignoring physical activity.
Constant increases in pressure subsequently develop into serious illnesses of cardio-vascular system. If in the vast majority of cases the measurement result exceeds the figure 135-140 / 90 mm Hg. Art., then it is worth trying to lower these indicators by choosing proper nutrition and establishing a regime of work and rest. Tailored diet and folk remedies help for a long time not to use drugs or even completely avoid their use.
Is normality enough? A teenager cannot be normal or average. Either he's the best, or he's not. Long ago the whole world young man was the courtyard, the street, the city where he lived. This constant comparison with others leads to tremendous pressure and growing complexes. It's hard being a teenager these days.
Everyone is just waiting for them to finally go to college and the nightmare will be over. And what happens in the college, which is perceived as salvation? Research provides some anonymity. At school, if anything happens, just take a 10-minute break and everyone knows it. At the university, we become one gray cell of a large mass and contrary to what is said that everyone wants to be unique and individual, this anonymity is salvation. In addition, completion high school and the transfer of a bachelor's degree are a symbolic entry into adulthood.
Low pressure
Low blood pressure also brings a lot of discomfort to a person, but still less dangerous than high blood pressure. With a decrease in pressure, a person throws into a cold sweat, dizziness begins, the skin turns pale, patients feel weakness and malaise, and many feel sick. In severe cases, fainting may occur.
A lot of people going to college really start out in a different, more mature way. With whom do young people talk about their problems? If you really Good friends, he can trust them and trust what he or she is experiencing, but most of them remain lonely. Hundreds of friends on social networks do not guarantee that they have at least one close person. In situations where everyone is trying to be the best, acknowledging a problem or worsening perception is seen as an acknowledgment of a weakness that is unforgivable these days.
There is no such treatment. You can use herbal tinctures. Basically, doctors recommend normalizing sleep patterns, adjusting nutrition. Food should be high-calorie, green tea is especially useful from drinks.
Remedial measures for low blood pressure include:
- physical activity, moderate sports activities;
- outdoor recreation;
- various water procedures;
- hardening;
- treatment in a sanatorium or resort;
- diet compliance.
BP norms in children and adolescents
Children's blood vessels are elastic, therefore, in children, blood pressure is always lower than in an adult. Moreover, than less baby, the lower the acceptable limits of the norm. A newborn child has elastic vessels with a wide lumen and a large network of capillaries, so for him the norm is 60/40 mm Hg. Art. In a child at the age of 12 months, the pressure of 95-100 / 40-65 mm Hg is considered normal.
What can parents do to help their teenager? First of all, let's face it, their child has a problem. Parents, instead of admitting that their child suffers from depression, insistently explain everything according to mood, stress at school, autumn chandra. It's amazing that people who love their son or daughter can pretend that everything is fine.
And then when tragedy strikes, they are the most affected. We often see that someone needs help. But the parents are ignorant and say, "No, no, nothing is happening." Perhaps yes, but it doesn't explain anything. If a parent understands that something is happening to their child and does not panic, he will think that this is not the end of the world, and he will focus on being a child, fighting for him, probably everything. will be successful. To be close and ordinary to be together is The best way get rid of depression or other similar problems.
Depending on age, the rate of increase in blood pressure changes: up to 6-7 years - slowly, and from 7 to 18 - very quickly and unpredictably. For schoolchildren, measurement numbers can vary from 100 to 120 ( upper bound) and from 70 to 75 (lower).
At 11-13 years old, girls are somewhat ahead of their male peers in terms of blood pressure, since their hormonal surge begins earlier. But after 15-16 years, everything becomes the opposite: in girls, the pressure norms are predominantly lower than in boys. In addition, due to hormonal changes in the body, indicators can sometimes exceed the norms of an adult, but over time everything falls into place.
Definitely more effective than drugs, therapy and the hospital. But it also happens that hospital treatment at some stage of the disease is the best and really not worth running after. Well, the psychiatric hospital Lola goes to may not be friendly, but it's certainly not terrible.
In the minds of many people, the hospital is a scary place where there are bars in the windows, lobotomies prevail, and patients bathe in cold water. As a result, a parent whose child, for example, has attempted suicide and gone to a psychiatric ward, is more afraid of him than himself. Unfortunately, most won't. Hospital treatment is sometimes the most effective and there is no reason to be afraid of it.
It should also be taken into account that vegetative-vascular dystonia, which is often found in adolescents, is caused by age-related changes in the nervous system. This condition often manifests itself as low blood pressure. Healthy young people 18-19 years old should have blood pressure values no higher than 110-130 mm Hg. Art. (upper limit) and 60-90 mm Hg. Art. (lower).
And, of course, going to a psychiatric hospital or attendance treatment and therapy should not be a reason for parents to be embarrassed. Is that enough to save someone? Nobody can be forced into therapy. Sometimes, when talking about helping a person with a problem, it's an idea to take him for treatment. Only that she suddenly magically does not open and will not speak. If someone doesn't want to help themselves, he will put his hands on his chest just like Lola did in the first scene and he will stop.
The problems are trivial, at least they may seem different. In the eyes of adolescents, they sometimes rise to a high rank, and then this can only be a step away from tragedy. Among the suicides are young people who think they have a reason to die. Why do teenagers choose to end their lives? How can we help them?
Increase and decrease in blood pressure in children and adolescents
However, parents should take all measures to prevent pathological excess of blood pressure limits in children and adolescents.
Factors contributing to increased pressure in schoolchildren:
- excessive obesity;
- rare exposure to fresh air;
- low level of physical activity;
- passion for aggressive computer games;
- different experiences and fears, silent child;
- passion for salty snacks (chips, crackers);
- kidney disease;
- malfunctions of the endocrine system.
These factors directly affect the increase in vascular tone, therefore, if urgent measures are not taken, it is possible to acquire arterial hypertension at a young age.
The suicide of a child is a great tragedy. For parental failure and the memory they must continue to live with, which is not easy or pleasant. Some may consider this to be a great stupidity, often imprudent, perhaps a decision taken under pressure from society. It is also selfish, because such a person leaves loved ones. He lives, he must live, but with the emptiness that is still next to them. Suicide is also courage, perhaps the greatest. Knowing your own life requires self-realization, step by step.
Fear mixes with confidence and confusion, creating an explosive mixture that ends tragically. Why do young people in general decide to take this step? Young people do not commit suicide without a reason, although there may be times when they are under the influence of drugs or alcohol and not fully conscious. There is always a reason, and even a few dozen, which together create a dangerous accumulation. The network was recently featured in the Thirteen Reasons series, which was based on the book of the same title.
However, most often adolescents suffer from low blood pressure. In such cases, phytotherapy (herbal infusions of rosemary, tansy, lemongrass, green tea) gives good results. The complex should also carry out recreational activities that contribute to the training of blood vessels: sports activities, moderate physical exercise, reasonable hardening.
The protagonist Hannah Baker presents us with thirteen reasons she did. The seventeen-year-old character can be obtained in different ways. Some of the reasons seem to be rather abstract. The teenage years rule in their own right, and high school isn't always color. Hannah's decision is an example of a very fragile psyche that can't handle the pressure and what happened to her.
Initial reasons, such as a compromising picture or school rank, seem trivial, but over time we move on to those that are considered crimes. The prosecution of rape is no longer trivial. The hero ends his life, but before he does, he decides to write everything down. He makes a plan, which is a punishment for accomplices. Thirteen cassettes, the same reasons and people who contributed to the suicide of their colleague and student. How to help, do everything to avoid the tragedy?
You can talk a lot about the norms and pathologies of blood pressure, but in each case, you need to consult a specialist. Going to the doctor does not mean immediately starting to take potent medications. A person can, at the prompts of a doctor, correct his pressure indicators using simple tricks and funds, the main thing is to be disciplined and responsible.
Many parents have recently been wondering: what kind of pressure in adolescents is the norm? How to determine the limits of normal pressure? First of all, it is rather difficult to determine the boundaries of blood pressure in people at a young age, since they depend on lifestyle, hormonal surges, physical activity and many other factors that are somehow related to this issue. The sex and age of a person also have a huge impact on pressure standards.
Normal blood pressure in teenagers
According to average calculations, normal blood pressure (blood pressure) in adolescents is considered only when it is in the region of 90 percentiles. If there are any deviations from this indicator, then the entire characteristic of the norm should be done taking into account the above factors. Here, for example, - the lower a person's physical activity, the higher his pressure will be.
Hypertensive deviation
If the scale of the device shows above 90-95 percentiles, this indicates that the child has hypertensive deviations from the norm of blood pressure. They have two stages - the first and second. At the first stage of hypertension, the child's blood pressure will be exceeded by no more than 10 mm Hg. Art., this is already taking into account the entire body weight, type of activity, age and gender. At the second stage - the excess will be equal to 10 mm Hg. Art.
Hypotonic deviation
Considering that blood pressure in adolescents is the norm of 90 percentiles, displaying a value less than this indicator indicates that the child has a hypotonic deviation. It indicates not only malaise in the body, but also that a person should change his lifestyle, as well as begin treatment or prevention of this ailment. And yet the question arises: what is the normal pressure of a teenager?
Normal blood pressure parameters
Judging by the data put forward by scientists in the US and Britain, who conducted a lot of research and experiments on more than 75,000 teenagers, the following conclusions were made:
- pressure in adolescents is the norm when it is 120/80, but these figures are considered normal only for tall children, while for children of average height this pressure will be considered elevated;
- considering different levels blood pressure, many scientists have taken the medical value of 140/90 as clear sign hypertension in adolescents aged 13 years and above. This value has been confirmed by WHO and officially accepted in all medical institutions for the main point of definition of hypertension.
Summing up
One of the factors that indicate that pressure in adolescents is the norm is the fact of calmness and excellent sleep, since people with pressure problems are the first to have problems with sleep. Later, this turns into constant tension and irritation, which, in turn, has a rather negative effect on the whole body, and most of all, on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In order to prevent this problem, first of all, it is worth seeking advice from a specialist, undergoing a full course of diagnostics, and only when the results are ready, proceed to the course of treatment. In this case, the question of self-treatment is inappropriate.
