Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations for fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to give to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What medicines are the safest?
"The musculoskeletal system of fish" - The second pair, called the pharyngeal, or pharyngeal, is located behind the skull. Guppy. Moray eels have two pairs of jaws. Butterfly fish (marine). Ancistrus stellate 1-150x150. Angel fish. Lower the gill apparatus and the bottom of the oral cavity. Antias. Lunar gourami.
"In the world of fish" - The missing fish. Superfluous word. Living fossil. In the world of fish. Rebuses. This is interesting. Quiz "Did you know?". Crosschainword "Fish". A variety of mirror carp. Mosaic "Sea and freshwater". "Good job" puzzle. A bit of history. Puzzles. Fish.
"Fish in winter" - The cold struck. The harder the frost, the thicker the ice. Holes can be cut with crowbars, ice axes. Can you do something like this for fish?<дома>. In the cleaned channels of straightened rivers, fish practically cannot live. Winter is no less terrible for the inhabitants of rivers and lakes. Winter. The length of the garlands depends on the depth of spawning - somewhere around a meter. Do not spoil the fish under thick ice. Rivers and ponds were covered with thin ice.
"Species diversity of fish" - Body temperature. Devil. Squad Squad. The role of oxygen. The number of parts of the brain. Type Chordates. Classification of the superclass of fish. fish fertility. Subclass Whole-headed. body temperature of fish. Fish see objects close by. Fish class. Subtype Vertebrates. Flounder. Tuna. Class Bony fish. Cross-finned fish. Diversity of the superclass of fish. The role of oxygen in the body. Class Cartilaginous fish. Fish larva.
"Names of fish" - Number of fish species. Detachment herring. What fish are called weed. Superclass Pisces. Salmon. Reasons for the decline in the number of species. Stingray stingray. Sharks. Squad lungfish. Fishes of the Ob North. Atlantic sturgeon. Squad of sturgeons. Tugun. The order includes freshwater and anadromous forms of fish. Muksun. White shark. Cartilaginous class. Secrets of fish life. Carp lives in fresh waters. Stingrays. Salmon is the most famous type of salmon.
"The Meaning and Diversity of Fish" - Diversity appearance. Explore the variety of fish. Choose the numbers of correct judgments. What determines the color of fish. The main groups of fish, their role in nature. Fill in the table. The value of fish in nature and human life. We know a lot about fish. The meaning of fish. Variety of fish. Types of fish. Others inherited from nature a prophetic-blind instinct.
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Slides captions:
The internal structure, reproduction and development of fish Sports, be mistaken, make mistakes, but, for God's sake, think, and although crookedly, but yourself. Gotthald Lessing
The bone skeleton of a fish The basis of the bone skeleton is the spine and skull
Internal structure In the body cavity of the fish are the digestive organs: the esophagus, stomach, intestines and liver, as well as the swim bladder, heart, paired kidneys and sex glands.
Digestive system On the jaws of the fish are small or large teeth
Respiratory system Respiratory organs of fish - gills
Circulatory system heart vessels Fish have only one circulation. The system is closed.
The structure of the heart The heart of fish consists of one atrium and one ventricle. There is always venous blood in the heart. atrium vein artery ventricle
Blood vessels Arteries Veins atrium vein artery ventricle these are the vessels through which blood leaves the heart these are the vessels through which blood returns to the heart
PHYSICAL MINUTE
Nervous system The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and outgoing nerves
Cerebrum diencephalon cerebellum medulla oblongata forebrain midbrain
Reproduction of fish Fish are dioecious. Females spawn eggs, males - milk containing spermatozoa. Fertilization in most bony fish is external.
fish larvae
Fish development
Test answers: 1 - B 2 - C 3 - A 4 - A 5 - C
Evaluation criteria: All answers are correct - "5" 4 correct answers - "4" 3 correct answers - "3" 2 correct answers - "2"
Homework § 32.33 Sports, be mistaken, make mistakes, but, for God's sake, think, and even if it's crooked, yes yourself. Gotthald Lessing
Preview:
Test
The internal structure of fish
- The skeleton of a fish consists of:
A - skull and spine
2. Fish Heart:
A - single chamber
B - three-chamber
B - two-chamber
A - external fertilization
5. The circulatory system of fish:
A - closed, no heart
B - closed, there is a heart
Test
The internal structure of fish
- The skeleton of a fish consists of:
A - skull and spine
B - skull, spine and skeletal fins
B - spine and skeleton of fins
2. Fish Heart:
A - single chamber
B - three-chamber
B - two-chamber
3. The nervous system of fish consists of:
A - brain and spinal cord, nerves
B - brain and nerves
B - brain and spinal cord
4. Most fish are characterized by:
A - external fertilization
B - internal fertilization
5. The circulatory system of fish:
A - closed, no heart
B - open, has a heart
B - closed, there is a heart
Preview:
Lesson on the topic:
"Internal structure, reproduction and development of fish".
Biology teacher of the highest category MBOU secondary school "School No. 226"
Shilova Tatyana Viktorovna
The purpose of the lesson: form an idea of the internal structure of fish.
Lesson objectives:
Educational : consolidate knowledge about in general terms chordates, to continue the formation of ideas about vertebrates using the example of river perch, its internal structure, to form an idea about the systems of organs of vertebrates.
Educational : develop logical thinking, the ability to compare, highlight the main thing.
Educational: to cultivate love for nature, a culture of communication.
Equipment: computer presentation, computer, multimedia complex.
During the classes.
1 Learning new material.
slide 1
Hello guys, my name is Tatyana Viktorovna. Today, working in the lesson, we will discover another secret of biological science. But first I would like to draw your attention to the wordsGotthold Lessing (read out). I would like these words to be the guiding thread of our lesson.
Remember what animals you met in the last lesson?(fish)
What place do they occupy in the system of the animal world?(what type and class they belong to) well done, thank you!
? What features of the external structure of fish did you learn in the last lesson?(streamlined body shape, the presence of fins, the skin is covered with scales and mucus, etc.)
On Click
Today in the lesson we will conduct a study, during which we will try to find out: “The internal structure, reproduction and development of fish.” This is the topic of our lesson, please write it down.
slide 2
Let's start our acquaintance with the internal structure of fish - from the skeleton.
? Why do you think the skeleton is needed?(support, protection).
On the slide you see the skeleton of a fish.What main parts does it consist of?I suggest that you discuss this question in pairs, 1 minute for discussion. Listening to your responses....
Now let's see if that's the case.
On Click
Yes, you were right, the fish skeleton consists of a skull, spine and fin skeleton (write in a notebook).
The structure of the skull includes: the cranium, the upper and lower jaws, the bones of the orbits, the gill covers.
What is the spine of a fish made of?Well done, these are vertebrae.
Are they all the same in a fish skeleton?(No)
As we can see, the spine of a fish consists of different vertebrae that form two sections: the body and the tail. Trunk vertebrae are special, they consist of a body and three spinous processes - one process is directed upwards, and two look down, ribs adjoin them.
What do you guys think, why do we need ribs?(that's right, to protect internal organs)
slide 3
Organs and organ systems are located in the body cavity of the fish.
What organ systems do you already know?(calling) Well done.
slide 4
We continue our research. You have the digestive system.
What organs make up the digestive system?(answers) Well, well done, let's see if we named the organs of the digestive system correctly.
Click
What feature do you think is in the digestive system of fish that distinguishes it from other previously studied animals?I propose to discuss this with a desk mate or find the answer in the textbook (p. 156) (answer teeth) click Write this down in your notebook.
slide 5
The next system we will be introduced to is − respiratory.
What is the main habitat for fish?(water) is correct.
Click . All aquatic animals have a special respiratory organ - gills.
Fish are constantly swallowing water. From the oral cavity, water passes through the gill slits, washes the gills and exits from under the gill covers.
On Click
The gills are composed of the gill arch, stamens and petals.
Stamens - protect delicate gills from clogging with food particles.
Petals - permeated with the smallest blood vessels - capillaries. Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the capillaries: the blood is saturated with oxygen, and carbon dioxide goes into the water.
slide 6
The next object of our study iscirculatory system.
What feature in the structure of the circulatory system can you note?I propose to discuss this with a neighbor (closed, there is a heart, one circle of blood circulation).
Slide 7
The heart of fish is two-chambered - it consists of an atrium and a ventricle.The heart beats very weakly and rarely - only 20 beats per minute.
Slide 8
Large blood vessels fish are arteries and veins.
How would you define a blood vessel - an artery?Look at the picture, maybe it will help you, or discuss the answer in pairs.
And so: an artery is ...
Vienna is ... (write in a notebook) click slide definition.
slide 9 charging
Slide 10
Coordinated work of organs and organ systems, provides nervous system.
What features in the structure of the nervous system can you name?(consists of g / m and s / m and nerves extending from them; located on the dorsal side).
slide 11
The fish brain has five sections: oblong, anterior, intermediate, middle and cerebellum. Due to this structure of the brain in fish, the formation of simple conditioned reflexes is possible.
Are there any fishermen among you? Explain why fish are fed for several days before fishing?(correct or explain myself)
You can observe the formation of a simple conditioned reflex on aquarium fish (story)
slide 12
Fish are dioecious animals.
The reproductive organs of females are the ovaries, in which eggs - eggs - mature.
The reproductive organs of males are the testes (milk), in which spermatozoa mature.
Fertilization in fish is external, since the fusion of the sperm and egg occurs outside the body of the female.
slide 13
From the fertilized eggs, larvae first appear, which live and develop due to the yolk sac.
Slide 14
Then the larvae are covered with scales, their mouth is cut through, and they become fry. The fry grow, feed and turn into adult fish.
Our study is over, I suggest you take a test and check what you remember while learning new material.
Slide 15 Answers
Slide 16 - evaluation criteria
Peer review, grading. Who coped with 5, 4. Are there those who failed to complete the test?
Slide 17
D / z § 32.33. click
In conclusion, I want to return to the words that became the motto of our lesson
Today we learned how fish are arranged. We were wrong, we tried to argue, "although it's crooked, but on our own." I would like you to follow this motto not only in the classroom, but also in life.
Thank you guys, it was a pleasure to work with you.
Lesson learning new material
Teacher: Vasilyeva Z. N.
Lesson topic :
Features of the structure of the systems of internal organs of fish in connection with their functions.
Lesson objectives: 1. To reveal the structural features of the systems of the internal organs of the fish body in connection with life in the water and their functional significance. 2. Recognize the organs and systems of fish organs on preparations, tables, drawings.
Equipment:
Table "Type Chordates. Class Fish. River perch.
relief table "The internal structure of a fish".
During the classes I .Organizing time. II .Knowledge activation. Fill in the table.
Body sections
Departments of the skeleton
The bones that make up the skeleton
torso
Department functions
Spine
A ) trunk region
b) tail section
Fins
a) paired
b ) unpaired
Skeleton of paired fins
Skeleton of unpaired fins
III .Learning new material .
The characterization of fish and the features of their adaptability to the aquatic environment will be incomplete without considering the features of the internal structure of these animals.
To complete this task, work is organized in groups of 4 people (each group receives a questionnaire and a blank sheet of paper). Using the text of the textbook, additional material and tables, prepare a presentation in front of the class.
Digestive system
Prove that there is a relationship between the structure of the digestive system and the functions that it performs.
1. What does the fish eat?
2. In which organs of the system and with the participation of which glands does digestion occur? What is the essence of this process?
3. What are the similarities of the digestive systems of invertebrates
and vertebrates?
4. Draw a conclusion.
Respiratory system
Prove what's between the building
respiratory system and functions,
which it performs exists
relationship.
1. Where does the fish get oxygen for
breath?
2. Where there is more oxygen, in the air
or in water?
3. What gas does fish release into the water?
4. What structure do gills have?
5. How is the work of the branchial
device? Make a conclusion.
Circulatory system
1 . How many chambers does the heart of a fish have? Why might it shrink?
2. Can blood move from the ventricle to the atrium?
3. What vessels are called arteries, veins, capillaries?
4. What kind of blood is called arterial ?, and what is called venous ?.
5. Why is the circulatory system called closed?
6. What is the difference between the circulatory system of invertebrates and
vertebrates?
7. Draw a conclusion .
excretory system
Prove that between the structure of the excretory system and
functions that it performs, there is a relationship.
1.What harmful substances accumulate in body cells
process of digestion and respiration.
2. How do liquid substances get into the kidneys?
3. What will happen to the fish if its excretory system does not work?
4. Use additional material to characterize the excretory systems.
5. Draw a conclusion .
swim bladder
Prove that there is a relationship between the structure of the swim bladder and its functions.
1. Where is the swim bladder located?
2. What is it filled with?
3. Name all the functions of the swim bladder.
4. Do all fish have a swim bladder?
5.Use additional material for
compiling the characteristics of the swim bladder.
6. Draw a conclusion.
Metabolism
Prove that there is a relationship between the structure, functioning of organ systems and the level of metabolism.
1. What is metabolism?
2. What substances (during breathing and nutrition) enter the body of the fish.
3. What transformations occur with them in the body
fish?
4. What substances harmful to the body are released into
water?
5. Why are fish called cold-blooded animals?
6. Draw a conclusion.
IV. Fixing
Fill in the table .
Organ systems
Structural features
1. Internal skeleton
3.Digestive organs
4. Respiratory organs
5.Circulatory system
6. Organs of excretion
7.Nervous system
1. Food that has entered the body passes through the intestinal tract.
2. Fish breathe with gills, absorbing oxygen dissolved in water.
gills are composed of gill arches and gill filaments pierced.
blood vessels.
3. The excretory organs of fish are the trunk kidneys, thanks to which the blood is cleansed of harmful products vital activity.
4. The circulatory system of fish is of a closed type. One circle of blood circulation.
The heart is two-chambered, consisting of the atria and ventricles.
5. Fish are cold-blooded animals.
6. The swim bladder plays an important role in the life of most fish, being a hydrostatic apparatus and a regulator of gases in the blood.
Homework.
1. Terms, characteristics of the internal structure of the fish.
2. Individual task: messages "Spawning migrations of fish", "Development of fish".
Literature
A short course for schoolchildren and applicants "Biology" by G.I. Lokshin
http://fish/geoman.ru
Illustrated encyclopedia of fish.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
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2 slide
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3 slide
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4 slide
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5 slide
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Spine - axial skeleton Comprised of numerous bony vertebrae. The vertebral bodies are concave anteriorly and posteriorly. The space formed between the concave surfaces of neighboring vertebrae and a narrow canal penetrating the center of the vertebral body are filled with remnants of the notochord. The spine is divided into two parts: trunk and tail. The vertebrae of these departments differ in their structure. A - trunk vertebra 1 - vertebral body 2 - transverse process 3 - rib 4 - superior arch 5 - superior spinous process 8 - muscular bone B - caudal vertebra 1 - vertebral body 4 - superior arch 5 - superior spinous process 6 - inferior arch 7 - inferior spinous process In the canal formed by the upper arches of the vertebrae, the spinal cord is located. In the channel formed by the lower arches - blood vessels.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
Fins - limbs Bones (shoulder blades, coracoids, posterior clavicle and others), attaching the pectoral fins to the bones of the skull, form the belt of the forelimbs. The bones that attach the pelvic fins to the abdominal muscles form the hind limb girdle (pelvic girdle). The dermal bone rays of the free limbs (pectoral and ventral fins) are attached directly to the limb belts. The anal and dorsal fins consist of bony rays, subdivided into internal (hidden in the thickness of the muscles) and external fin rays. The caudal fin consists of a rod-shaped bone and overgrown vertebral arches. The outer skeleton of the caudal fin is composed of numerous skin rays.
7 slide
Description of the slide:
Musculature The musculature of fish is represented by the striated muscles of the trunk, fins and head.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
The swim bladder is present only in the body of bony fish. It is an outgrowth of the rectum formed at an early stage of development, filled with gas, which in the process of ontogenesis in some fish loses its connection with the intestine and separates. Functions: Adjusts the immersion depth; Participates in the perception and production of sounds; Some species have an additional respiratory organ.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Digestive system Features: no salivary glands; oral cavity peaceful fish serves for filtering, squeezing food from water; the tongue has no musculature of its own; The teeth of predatory fish adhere to the bones or are movably connected to them. As they wear out, they are replaced with new ones. Peaceful fish have no teeth. in the pharynx - gill slits; there are stomachless fish, for example, cyprinids.
10 slide
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11 slide
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Respiratory System The respiratory organ of fish is the gills. Fish breathe oxygen dissolved in water. In bony fish, the movements of the oral and gill apparatus combine the injection (oral cavity) and suction (gill cavity) principles, which ensures intensive movement of water through the gills. With the rapid movement of fish, the respiratory mechanism is passive (the fish swims with its mouth open, washing the gills).
12 slide
Description of the slide:
Circulatory system The circulatory system is closed. There is one circle of blood circulation. The movement of blood is provided by the contraction of the two-chambered heart. Veins that carry blood away from the heart are arteries, while those that carry blood to the heart are veins. The smallest blood vessels are capillaries. Blood saturated with oxygen is called arterial, saturated with carbon dioxide is called venous.
13 slide
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Excretory system The excretory organs of fish are ribbon-like trunk kidneys located above the swim bladder.
14 slide
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15 slide
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16 slide
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Sense organs The eyes of fish are the organ of vision, they are quite large, they have a flat cornea, a spherical lens. Century no. Fish see at close range and distinguish colors. The nostrils are the organs of smell, with the help of which the fish perceives the smells of substances dissolved in water. The hearing organs (inner ear) are located on the sides of the head inside the skull. Near the inner ear is the organ of balance, thanks to which the fish feels the position of its body, moving up and down. On the sides of the body of the fish are the organs of the lateral line - channels lying in the skin under the scales, at the bottom of which there are sensitive cells that perceive water vibrations. With the help of the lateral line organ, the fish perceives the direction of the current and the pressure of the water, the presence of obstacles, and sound vibrations. Touch receptors are located in cartilaginous fish in areas of the body that are not covered with scales. In teleosts, they are scattered throughout the body, the bulk is concentrated on the fins, lips - they make it possible to feel touch. Electroreception is a sense organ of cartilaginous fish and some teleosts (electric catfish), which senses electric fields.
17 slide
Description of the slide:
Reproduction Fish are dioecious animals. The reproductive organs of males are testes (milk), females are ovaries. Fertilization is external. The process of reproduction in fish is called spawning, and the movement of fish to spawning sites is called spawning migrations. Some species of fish, such as aquarium guppies, mollies, swordtails, are capable of live birth. Fertilized eggs linger in the oviducts of females, and the larvae that have developed from them are born capable of independent life. Live birth is also found in sharks. Number of eggs laid different types, varies greatly - from a few pieces in the polar shark to 200 million in the sea pike and 300 million in the moon fish.
Description of the slide:
Features of the internal structure of fish associated with an aquatic lifestyle 1. Respiratory organ - gills (breathe oxygen dissolved in water) 2. The presence of a swim bladder in bony fish (with a change in its volume, the buoyancy of the fish changes) 3. The sense of smell is well developed (allows you to stay in a flock and find food) 4. There is a lateral line (an organ that allows you not to collide with underwater objects, detect the approach and removal of a predator, prey or partner in a flock, feels the flow of water) 5. The organ of hearing and balance is represented only by the inner ear (high propagation speed sound vibrations in the water and the high sound conductivity of the tissues of the body of fish make it possible to perceive sounds quite well at a relatively simple structure organ of hearing) 6. Fish are poikilothermic animals, the vital activity of which depends on the temperature of the water. 7. External fertilization
In the trunk section of the fish there is a large body cavity in which the internal organs are located.
Musculoskeletal system:
From above, the organs are protected by the spine, and from the sides - by the ribs. The skull and spine protect the central nervous system. The bones of the skeleton form a support for the muscles.
Musculoskeletal system - fish skeleton
The skeleton of a fish consists of a large number of bones. Its basis is a flexible and elastic spine. The skull protects the brain and organs of the head and also forms the hard base of the jaws.
Vertebra
swim bladder
Most modern fish in the body cavity there is a reservoir with air - the swim bladder. Its volume completely balances two forces - the attraction of the Earth, pulling the fish to the bottom, and the Archimedean force (the pushing action of water). By controlling the volume of the bubble, the fish changes the depth at which it can hover.
Digestive and excretory systems
Food passes through pharynx to esophagus and stomach, usually stretchable. The walls of the stomach secrete gastric juice, under the influence of which food begins to be digested. Then, in small intestine, juice acts on food pancreas and bile coming from the liver. Bile is stored in gallbladder. In the capillaries of the kidneys, waste products are filtered out of the blood, forming urine. It is excreted through the ureter into bladder and then out
Nervous system
The nervous system of fish includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (nerves). The central nervous system has the form of a tube. Its posterior section is located in the canal formed by the upper arches of the vertebrae. From the spinal cord between each pair of vertebrae, nerves depart to the right and left, transmitting signals to the muscles of the body and fins. The nerves from the sensory cells on the body of the fish send signals to the spinal cord.
Brain
The anterior part of the neural tube of the fish is expanded and forms the brain, consisting of several sections. Signals from the sense organs and from different parts of the body enter the brain through the nerves.
Respiratory system
Respiratory system located in the pharynx. The skeletal support of the gill apparatus is provided by four pairs of vertical gill arches, to which the gill plates are attached. They are made up of fringed gill filaments , inside which pass thin-walled blood vessels branching into capillaries. Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the capillaries: the absorption of oxygen from water and the release of carbon dioxide. Water moves between the gill filaments due to the contraction of the muscles of the pharynx and the movement of the gill covers. There are gill rakers on the gill arches. They protect soft tender gills from clogging with food particles.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system of fish is closed. It consists of the heart and vessels: departing from the heart (arteries) and carrying blood to the heart (veins). Two-chambered heart, comprises atrium and ventricle . One circle of blood circulation.
reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of paired ovaries and oviducts, and the male - of paired testes and vas deferens. In the inactive state in both sexes, it is small in volume and hardly noticeable. By the time of reproduction in both sexes, it increases and can occupy a significant part of the body cavity.
The structure of vertebrates
The structure of vertebrates
ANSWERS
I - 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20
II - 4, 21
III - 7, 9, 21
V - 11, 13, 16, 19
VI - 1, 5, 6, 8, 10
Evaluation criteria
"5" - 1-3 errors
"4" - 4-5 errors
"3" - 6-7 errors
"2" - more than 7 errors
Internet resources used
Internet resources used
