What to do if a child rearranges syllables in words or confuses sounds. What to do if a child stubbornly names syllables letter by letter? The child does not understand how to add syllables

This article covers the topic "Letters and syllables". Let's learn to read syllables. Does your child know all the letters? This means it’s time to slowly start connecting letters and reading syllables. I bring to your attention a game on how to teach your child to read syllables in a playful way.

Teaching letters to preschoolers (children 4-6 years old) online in a playful way

The purpose of this section is to introduce children to writing letters and to teach them to perceive letters by ear.

Reading words by word order - teaching children 3-6 years old to read words using letters

The purpose of this section is to move from letters to reading words. Thanks to this section, children will understand how words are formed from letters.

Reading fluency for preschoolers

A large number of adapted and speaking texts for children.

Effective methods for memorizing letters of Russian speech with preschool children

You can print out the syllable cards or make your own cards. You won't need a lot of time for this. You can write cards like these as shown in the picture. You can write cards with syllables only with the letter A, or with the letter O. You can make cards only with the letter K (KA, KO, KU, etc.).
Then if you have a board (If you don’t have a board, my advice is for you to buy one. This is the kind of thing that everyone who has a child should have. My personal experience).
You will be able to write scattered syllables on the board, but only those syllables with which you have cards. The cards are scattered on the table. The child must correctly select the card with the syllables and attach it to the board next to the written syllable.
The 2nd method of studying with cards is to do the same thing, just in reverse. We attach cards with syllables to the board. The child’s task is to write the same syllable next to the card. The child not only remembers the cards visually, but also writes this syllable. At this time, you should pronounce each syllable loudly so that the child hears and remembers how this syllable is pronounced.

Why do you need to teach reading at 3 years old?

Firstly, you will develop the student's memory, imagination and logic. Secondly, the child’s horizons are significant. Thirdly, you will be able to avoid serious problems in 3 years, when the student sits down at a school desk. Reading in first grade will require not only a primer, but also the terms of math problems. Calculate how much time it will take for the student to read the condition, understand what he read and begin to solve the problem. I assure you, it is very difficult.

How to teach a child to read by syllables and letters?

“At 3 years old this is unrealistic!” some parents will say. How possible: without psychological trauma for a preschooler. The first thing you need to start learning with is to remember the letters. Without knowing the letters, reading is impossible. When naming letters, under no circumstances should you pronounce them as follows: “be”, “ve”, “ge” and so on.

Those. In order for the baby to start reading soon, the letters should be pronounced for the student in the same way as sounds are pronounced. That is, “b”, “c”, “d”, “e”. If this simple rule is violated, then the preschooler will not be able to combine letters into a syllable for a long time, since he will not understand why the letter “be” or “de” in a word needs to be pronounced differently.

Hang a colorful alphabet poster in your room. It can be purchased in bookstores. With its help, you stimulate the student’s passive memory, since the child always “bumps” with his gaze at the letters, subconsciously. This characteristic of children's perception is based on the child's craving for everything colored: pictures, drawings, posters, flowers, butterflies.

We put individual letters into syllables together with children 3-6 years old

How to teach a student to read It is important for parents of a child to understand how to teach a student to read; this determines how quickly the preschooler will understand other subjects. As soon as the baby remembers each letter, you can begin to assemble syllables from the letters.

To prevent this process from dragging on for many months, buy a special magnetic board with plastic multi-colored letters. The cheapest way is to make your own alphabet from cardboard. Let the letters called consonants be multi-colored, and the vowels the same color (blue, red or green).

Important: it will be easier for the child to learn if the lesson with the baby is held in the form of a game. And this means that we will learn by playing. We build a column of 6-7 consonant letters, taking the letter “a” to compose syllables. This column will be a special “elevator”, and the letter “a” will be a “cabin”. Let's start the fun “letter rolling”. Place an “a” next to the highest consonant, sound out the syllable, and have your child repeat it. Then the “cabin” rides lower. So pronounce each syllable one by one.

Allow as much time for the game as is entertaining for the student. Then leave the game for a day or two and take it out again. This form of learning will not get boring for the baby, so the baby will read more and more new syllables carefully.

After your son or daughter can read forward syllables on their own, you can move on to reverse syllables. Now the letter “a” will “travel” before the consonants, forming the syllables “ab”, “av”, “ag”, “hell”, etc. Let “a” be the “boat” in your game, and the consonants be “piers”. With the help of this “sound boat”, your baby will learn to read reverse syllables.

We read by words and understand the first words - online exercise machines for children

How to teach a child to read: after a couple of months of regular lessons, the child will be able to read syllables in a text or a book specially adapted for children. After the baby has learned to reproduce syllables, you can move on to words. First, it is better to give words to read, each of the syllables in which consists of two letters: “ra-bo-ta”, “po-go-da”, “ma-ma”, “ka-sha”. Then you can move on to longer syllables: “do-mik”, “mouse-ka”, “cup-ka”, and the like.

In this way, you will not only teach your student to read confidently before the age of 5, but you will also ensure that the child falls in love with the process of reading itself. Of course, the acquired skill will need to be maintained by trying to practice regularly.

Quite often, parents complain that their child, but he just can’t learn how to read a syllable. And here you should understand that learning to read is memory training. In order for a child to understand something new forever, he needs to play it about 600 times. The preschooler simply remembers (and does not understand) how letters are read, syllables, words and sentences are spoken. Therefore, if you want to teach your baby to read, surround him with cubes and magnets, cards and so on with the image of letters. The more often a student sees letters, the faster he will get used to them and learn them.

How to remember the letters of the Russian alphabet - effective techniques for children and adults

When a preschooler learns letters, you can move on to learning to read. readiness for learning can be determined by asking the child to assemble a word from letters, for example, “ball” or “doll,” and showing how this word is written on paper. If a preschooler can assemble words from letters using patterns, then he is ready to learn to read.

It is easier to teach reading to a preschooler using an ABC book or children's books with large text. First, he reads and moves his pointer along the text so that the baby can see what the adult is reading. This way you can read to a child from a month to three months, 10-15 minutes a day. Then you can read by moving his hand along the text. You can spend from a week to a month on this activity. And only after this, we begin the teaching itself: first we read the syllable ourselves, and then ask the child to repeat it. When your child learns to read simple words, you can begin to learn words by first reading the word out loud to him, and then asking the student to repeat it. Without rushing or rushing a child, you can happily teach reading to a child who does not want to learn to read.

The article was devoted to the topic "Letters and syllables".

However, experts in the field of pedagogy do not recommend putting such a burden on a child at this age, because a two-year-old already has a lot to comprehend. At this time, socialization and communication skills should be developed, without which in the future it will be difficult for the child to find his place in society.

Parents may object: after all, children recognize letters in pictures very well! Indeed, it is so. Children 2-3 years old remember and recognize graphic images of letters well, but regard them only as pictures.

But correlating a letter with a sound, connecting two letter pictures into a syllable are too difficult tasks for a young child preschool age. It is still too early to learn to read at 2-3 years old.

Signs that a child is ready to start learning

The first rule regarding the timing of learning such a skill as reading states that this process must begin when the baby is already:

• speaks well
• does not miss or “swallow” sounds,
• successfully copes with the difficult to pronounce “r”,
• does not lisp or whistle.

If the baby begins to learn to read before these problems are eliminated, in the future he may have problems not only with reading itself, but also with writing: rearranging sounds and letters, skipping sounds while speaking and letters when writing words.

Another condition for successful literacy learning is that the child has developed skills of analysis and synthesis. They will help the baby understand that he sees not just an image, but a letter that corresponds to a certain sound. And also understand that two letters form a syllable that can be pronounced.

As a rule, a child masters these skills by age 5. It is at this time that experienced teachers recommend starting to master the skill of reading by syllables.

In addition, you should read with your child when he is ready for it, that is, he can concentrate on one thing for 15-20 minutes. Otherwise, science will not be useful, and the child will not like learning at all.

Preparatory stage: mastering letters and sounds

Another condition, without which reading syllables, much less fluently, is simply impossible, is the child’s knowledge of all letters and sounds. It is important that the child understands which image corresponds to which sound.

That is why learning to read should begin with studying literacy. To do this, you can use any children's book with large letters.

But it’s still better to buy an ABC book: this is a manual that has been tested over the years and helps you gradually master the skill. There are letters, sounds, and interesting pictures on the topic. The training will be both productive and interesting.

Mastering Vowels

As a rule, the sound-letter composition of a language begins to be studied with the vowels A, O, E, U, Y, I. The child remembers what these letters look like and how the corresponding sounds are pronounced. Show your baby how well the vowels are sung. Following simple vowels, you can study iotized vowels by putting all 10 sounds into pairs: A - Z, O - E, U - Yu, E - E plus another pair Y - I.

In this combination, the child will quickly master vowel sounds. There is no need to delve into phonetics and explain to the child that iotized vowels mean two sounds, and certainly there is no need to use the term itself in class. It is enough just to study the letters and sounds themselves. The theory will be explained in detail to children at school.

Learning consonants

Having dealt with the “singing” vowels, you can move on to consonants. Usually, sonorant sounds are studied first - L, M, N, R and voiced sounds. Then you can begin to master voiceless consonants, using the same method as when studying vowels - combining letters (sounds) into pairs: B - P, Z - S and so on.

After this, it is the turn of the unpaired sibilants and Y. The “silent” letters - b and b - are introduced last.

An important point: when showing your child letters for the first time, pronounce not their names, but their sounds, that is, not “be”, but “b”, not “en”, but “n”. This will make it easier for the baby to match the sound and the letter. Otherwise, a five-year-old may confuse the name of the letter and the sound and produce the mysterious “enoes” instead of the simple and understandable “nose.”

Let's start reading syllables

Sonorous + A

You should learn to read syllables from the simplest examples. As a rule, in the first stages, syllables starting with sonorants and ending in A are mastered: MA, LA, RA, and so on. At this stage, it is important to explain to the baby that when reading a syllable, one sound is, as it were, attracted to another, the sounds need to be pronounced together.

Using the combination “sonorant + vowel”, you can clearly show the fusion of sounds by pronouncing the syllable into a chant: “mmmmaaaa”. The essence of combining sounds can be demonstrated even more clearly using the example of a combination of two vowels: AU, UA.

Of course, such a combination is not a syllable, but using it at this stage will help the child understand how one sound gradually, seamlessly transforms into another.

Sonorant + other vowels

Having dealt with the combination of sonorant and vowel A, you can attach a new vowel sound to the same consonants. Then you can replace the consonants with other voiced or voiceless ones: ZHI, KO, SA. Having understood the principle of adding sounds, in the future the little reader will be able to independently pronounce and compose syllables.

Some methods suggest already at this stage trying to read words consisting of familiar syllables: “mother”, “milk”. If the child succeeds, you can end the lesson by reading a phrase from an old Soviet primer: “Mow, scythe, while the dew continues.”

If learning is not too easy for a child, you should not burden him with reading words and phrases just yet.

Mastering more complex syllables

Traditionally, closed syllables (that is, ending with a consonant sound) are considered more complex: AM, OK, EH. You can study them by comparing them with already familiar open ones: MA - AM, KO - OK. This way the child will understand that the same letters and sounds can be put into syllables that are different not only in spelling, but also in pronunciation.

When closed syllables have been mastered, you can move on to three-letter combinations: the “consonant + vowel + consonant” construction. For example: CAT, NOSE, TOM.

A more complex option is a three-letter syllable, where two consonant sounds come in a row: TRA, PLI, STO. Learning three-letter syllables prepares a child to read words.

Let's move on to reading words and sentences

We read words from open two-letter syllables

Of course, there will be small pauses between parts of the word, there is nothing wrong with that. However, you need to make sure that the pause is not too long, otherwise the word will simply turn into syllables.

Mastering more complex words

Next, you can practice reading three-letter words of the “consonant + vowel + consonant” structure: “mouth”, “sleep”, “world”. Explain to your child that these words are nothing more than complex syllables that you have already practiced reading together before.

The next stage involves reading phonetically complex words with two consonants in a row: “table”, “stove”, “grass”, as well as with Y, b and b.

Features of learning to read syllables and words

It is worth saying that today there are a lot of methods for teaching reading. Their authors distribute the material differently.

The following alternative to the proposed sequence of teaching a child to read by words can be proposed: having mastered simple syllables with one vowel, for example, with A, you can begin to read more complex syllables with the same sound, and then try to form words (for example, “fun”, "parade").

Then you should go the same way with other vowels, and then try to read whole sentences syllable by syllable, for example: “Mom washed the frame.” Syllables and words with Y, ь and Ъ are traditionally left at the end of the training period.

It is important that the common point of all modern methods is to consolidate the material in a playful form. Play is an essential element of learning these days, especially when it comes to preschool children.

How to make your child's learning more productive?

Basic moments

So, when teaching a child to read syllables, you need to adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Let us repeat: letters should be named as sounds: “m”, not “em”, “k”, not “ka”.
2. Make sure your child pronounces the syllables correctly and correct mistakes immediately to avoid memorizing incorrect options.
3. Do not overload your child with unnecessary information, in particular phonetic terms, as well as sound-letter analysis. For example, don't go into detail about how certain letters in certain positions in a word represent two sounds.
4. When moving on to reading words, provide your child with the text in the book with their correct spelling, without hyphens, which make it difficult to perceive the entire word.

Student interest is the key to success

Try to make classes interesting for the child, conduct them in a playful way. Only in this case can we hope for results.

Reading is a complex science, and you can’t do it without visuals. Use bright pictures, cards with letters to add syllables and with syllables to form words, present information in the form of mini-crosswords.

Together with your child, illustrate what you read, use board games and figurative means (classic examples: a syllabic train or a caterpillar), and include educational activities for your child. Online Games and video on a computer or tablet - in general, diversify and complement educational process whatever your heart desires.

There is only one goal: the child’s sustained interest in activities. A bored student practically does not perceive information.

Every parent can teach a child to read syllables. To do this, you don’t need a pedagogical education, just familiarize yourself with the textbooks that are available in a wide range today, take an interest in the basic methods, choose the one you like and follow the author’s advice.

And if you make learning this necessary skill fun, you can be sure that your child will go to first grade already able to read at least syllables.

Parents often complain about their children’s clumsy pronunciation or that the child rearranges syllables in words. Instead of “TV” - “TV”, instead of “glass” - “rolled” and “shielding” instead of “exists”. “Your child has impaired phonemic hearing,” I tell them, but many disagree, because he hears what is said to him. Yes, he hears, but does not distinguish; phonemic hearing is part of physiological hearing, which is formed as the child grows up. We will talk about what phonemic hearing is, how it is formed, and what to do to develop it in this article.

What is phonemic awareness

Human physical hearing, that is, the ability to perceive and distinguish the sounds of the surrounding world, is divided into three types: non-speech hearing, phonemic and musical hearing.

Phonemic awareness is a person's ability to recognize and distinguish phonemes in a stream of speech. The ability to compare, analyze, synthesize and relate sounds to their standards.

A child is endowed with physical hearing from birth; phonemic hearing is formed in the process of upbringing. Normally, it should be formed by the age of 5, provided that the child is in a favorable speech environment. Very young children cannot yet distinguish sounds that are similar to each other, but if adults speak to him in the correct language, do not lisp, correct him, read books and learn poetry, then success is guaranteed.

If phonemic hearing is impaired for one reason or another, a child after 4-5 years of age continues to have incorrect sound pronunciation and a violation of the syllabic structure of the word. Later, this problem spreads with the child to school, affecting written speech, and is called dysgraphia. Dysgraphia is expressed in persistent errors when writing words and sentences, for example, rearranging syllables in a word, replacing one sound with another. Therefore, when a problem is discovered, it is very important to begin work on developing phonemic hearing in preschool age.

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How can I check this? Ask your child to repeat a chain of syllables with similar phonemes: ta-ta-da, da-ta-da, da-da-ta; ga-ha-ka, ka-ga-ka, ga-ka-ha; Nya-nya-na, na-nya-na, nya-na-nya; sa-sha-sa, sha-sa-sha, sha-sha-sa. Or similar words: com-dom-tom, barrel-kidney, roof-rat, spoon-horns. If a child repeats the same sound instead of different ones, it means he has a phonemic hearing disorder. For example, instead of da-ta-da, he pronounces “ta-ta-ta,” or repeats the words barrel-kidney as “kidney-kidney.”

Causes of phonemic hearing impairment

The causes of such violations are of two types: mechanical and functional.

Mechanical caused by natal and postnatal hazards, which include infectious diseases, trauma, including birth trauma, as a result of which the speech areas of the brain are damaged, and defects in the speech apparatus are also observed. The latter include structural features of the tongue: a tongue that is too large and inactive, a small narrow tongue, a short frenulum, and a tongue weakened in the front part. As well as jaw defects:

prognathia is a phenomenon when the upper jaw hangs significantly over the lower jaw.

progeny is the opposite phenomenon, the lower jaw is pushed forward, the lower teeth overlap the upper ones.

open lateral bite - when the teeth are closed on both sides, a significant gap remains between the teeth.

Open direct bite - when the teeth are closed, the antagonistic lateral teeth touch each other, and the front teeth form a gap.

incorrect structure of teeth.

The special structure of the palate: narrow, too high, flat.

disproportionate lips: drooping lower lip, narrow, inactive upper lip.

Functional reasons associated with the costs of education or its absence, which include:

long lisp with the baby.

imitating parents who have speech problems.

bilingualism in the family.

prolonged sucking of the pacifier, as a result of which insufficient mobility of the tongue, lips, and jaw is detected.

pedagogical neglect.

How is phonemic hearing formed?

With normal development, reactions to sounds are already observed in the newborn. This is expressed in shuddering, blinking, and changes in breathing. Soon the sounds begin to cause the child to delay some movements and stop screaming. Already at 3-4 months, the child begins to distinguish between speech and non-speech sounds, as well as homogeneous sounds of different volumes. In the first six months of life, the main auditory load is carried by intonation; the baby learns to distinguish the voices of close people. By the age of 1 year, the child begins to respond correctly to sounds pronounced by an adult, for example, when pronouncing the word “clock”, the child turns his head towards them, as well as when pronouncing the sounds “tick-tock”. The child responds to the word, and not to intonation, and this is how the stage of pre-phonemic development ends. In the second year of life, the child begins to distinguish all speech sounds.

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At the first stage, he differentiates vowels and consonants. But within these groups he does not distinguish one consonant from another, while the strongest vowel “A” begins to contrast with all the others. Then the baby begins to distinguish such vowels as “I-O”, “I-U”, “E-O”, “E-U”. Later than the others, low-frequency “U-O” and high-frequency vowels “I-E” begin to be differentiated. The most difficult sound to understand is the “Y” sound.

At the second stage, consonant sounds are differentiated and the presence or absence of them is determined. Gradually, the child learns to distinguish between hard and soft sounds, sonorant and noisy, whistling and hissing, dull and voiced.

At the third stage, the child distinguishes phonemes within a group, differentiates sonorant, whistling and hissing consonants. Further, it distinguishes sonorants from non-articulate noisy ones, labials from linguals, puffy ones from plosives, frontal ones from back-lingual ones, whistling ones from hissing ones. Later than others, the differentiation of smooth consonants and the middle language “Y” occurs. By the beginning of the third year of life, the baby perceives and differentiates all the sounds of his native language. According to many studies, it was during this period that phonemic hearing was finally formed.

The fourth stage from 3 to 5 years is characterized by the development and improvement of phonemic hearing and preparation for sound analysis.

The fifth stage from 5 to 7 years is the acquisition of the skill of fine differentiation of phonemes and the ability to analyze sound. That is, the child must catch which sound a given word begins with and which it ends with. Does this word have a given sound and where is it located: at the beginning, end or in the middle of the word.

Thus, phonemic hearing is formed, developed and improved throughout preschool childhood.

If a child is taught to put letters into syllables, it means they are teaching him sound method. And this is a logical and understandable chain of learning to read: sounds (along with their visual letter image) → syllables → words → sentences.

Historical preface

The sound method was proposed by the great teacher D.K. Ushinsky more than 150 years ago instead of the subjunctive and was supported by D. Tikhomirov, F. Zelinsky, L. Tolstoy and others. Previously, children first memorized the names of letters: az, beeches, lead, and so on. Then the syllables were memorized: “buki” and “az” in this sequence form “ba”, “az” and “vedi” - “av”... Then words were formed, and the teacher had to explain each unfamiliar syllable, and the student had to memorize it. Those. the child did not understand how the letters are connected into warehouses.

When learning to read using the sound (or sound-letter, phonetic, speech therapy) method, the process was greatly simplified: from the very beginning, children learned meaningfully, understanding the technique of adding sounds. This is how our parents, grandmothers, and great-grandmothers learned to read and write, and as experience shows, in 100% of cases it was successful.

Putting sounds into syllables

To explain to your child how to combine two letters into a syllable, you can use several techniques and games.

The method proposed and described in the “Primer” by N.S. Zhukova

Having written (or laid out cards or magnets) two letters at some distance from each other, connect them with a pointer or pencil. At the same time, you need to pronounce the first sound until it “reaches” the second. The child needs to explain: “Pull the first letter until you reach the second letter along the path.” You can draw a boy running between the sounds and tell the baby: “Pull the 1st letter until you and the boy along the path reach the second.” At the same time, the baby runs his finger (pencil), connecting the letters.

Using the same principle, you can draw how one letter catches another with a fishing rod, or depict them as parts of a train. In short, the main thing is that it is understandable and interesting for the child.

So, first, children are taught to connect vowel letters (“ua”, “au”, etc.), then reverse syllables (“am”, “us”...) and thirdly direct ones. If your baby can’t put together two certain sounds, you can try working with others. Let's say, instead of "M" take "S".

Changing letters

You will need cards. The adult shows one letter and the child reads it. At the same time, the second letter is brought from afar, the first is removed, and the child immediately proceeds to voicing the new letter. This needs to be done so that the baby names the entire syllable without a break:
M M M M A A A A,
S S S S O O O O.

Singing syllables (Logorhythmics)

Repeatedly singing syllables is a small, but often very effective technique. Many children perceive and understand more easily the combination of letters into syllables if they are shown and sung:
MA – MO – MU, BA – BO – BU, etc.

Sa-sa-sa...

Zhu-zhu-zhu...

You can easily find similar videos on YouTube (search for the word “logorhythmics”). But it’s better to take the lyrics from the video and basically sing it yourself, rather than just turn on your computer or tablet.

You can sing warehouses by folding them in any of the ways. However, you shouldn’t put words together later in the same way - the child can sing sentences in syllables even without pauses.

Friendship of sounds

This is a fun educational game that can be suitable for children as young as 3.5 and 6 years old, depending on individual characteristics. You need to take the ball and explain to the child that sounds really want to be friends, and you need to help them with this. The adult says: “M” wants to make friends with “A,” and throws the ball to the baby. He catches it and throws it back, saying: “MA.” Next: “O” wants to be friends with “M” - the ball flies to the baby, who returns it accompanied by: “OM”.

You can play without a ball, asking the child to make friends, for example, “B” and “A”. It is useful to develop the exercise by offering to help different sounds get along with one: “Let's help the letters make friends with “U.” The adult calls: “M.” The child answers: “MU.” “S” – “SU” and so on.

This way the baby will learn to connect letters by ear.

Conclusion

No matter how you teach a child to connect letters into syllables, you need to understand that this can be hard work for a child. And in order to make it as easy and simple as possible, it is better to do everything in a playful way, come up with your own tricks, repeat the same sounds and the way they are put together many times. But when the child firmly masters combining letters into syllables, he will read in the future without errors.

Gone are the days when a child, being a “blank slate,” entered first grade. The child was taught everything at school: letters, numbers and other wisdom, and the parents could only help and control the development process of little Einstein. Today, not even all kindergartens teach the basics of reading and arithmetic, and the conditions for admission to educational institution They have become stricter and without knowledge of literacy a child may not be enrolled. Therefore, mom and dad have to arm themselves with various training manuals and begin teaching their child independently. And even if you somehow manage to master the letters, then difficulties often arise with reading. We’ll talk about how to teach a child syllables in our article.

There is time for everything, or hurry up slowly

There are hardly any parents who would not like to proudly boast to a friend that their 5-year-old child easily “swallows” Leo Tolstoy’s four-volume book “War and Peace.” But such a desire is rather from the world of fantasy. Every child is unique, and it is presumptuous to expect that reading will become his favorite pastime. It’s better not to try to force your child to catch up and surpass the children of neighbors or friends in development, but when looking for an answer to the question of how to teach a child syllables, try to trust only him: sooner or later the baby himself will declare his desire to learn to read.

You may ask: how do you understand that a child is “ripe”? Let's list a few signs:

• The baby is able to coherently retell a movie you watched or a fairy tale you read: he easily composes sentences and expresses himself clearly;
• The child can easily recognize sounds by ear. To make sure of this, invite him to repeat the syllables you pronounced: “ma-ra”, “pi-ni”, “za-na”, “bu-zu”, etc. If no problems arise, the task can be complicated , adding one more syllable (“ka-ta-ka”, “zu-bu-zu”, “la-ta-la”). Check the correct pronunciation;
• The baby easily navigates in space, knows where “right”, “left”, “up” and “down” are.

If you pass this simple exam, you can safely begin learning to read. By and large, even a five-year-old toddler with the proper level of development will not have difficulty mastering this wisdom.

How to teach a child to read syllables?

Before teaching a child syllables, it is important for parents to understand: the whole process should take place in a playful and entertaining way. In no case should you force it - this can discourage your child from reading for a long time.

Teaching a child to read syllables, as a rule, is not so difficult if you approach the issue creatively. Where to start? Naturally, with the development of vowels. There are usually no problems with them, but consonants require more thoughtful study. To avoid problems with composing syllables in the future, it is important to pronounce the consonants in sound form, that is, not “be”, but “b”; not “en”, but “n”.

You should exercise no longer than 15 minutes a day, gradually increasing the time. The main thing is to do this every day so that the information received is not forgotten and is firmly entrenched in the baby’s memory.

As soon as the letters become familiar to perception and the child easily learns to recognize them, you need to start reading syllables. There is nothing complicated about this either. You can make cards, or even better, use a primer and start learning from the simplest. We find or write the letter “m” and pronounce it together with the child. Next, we do the same with the letter “a”. Now we can tell the story of how the letter “m” hurries to take the hand of the letter “a”, and when they meet, a very melodic “m-a” is produced. It is better to choose simple syllables, which contain only two sounds: “ka”, “da”, “na”, “ha”. Take your time - constantly repeat the material you have covered. Then start learning complex syllables: “shchi”, “chu”, “ne”, etc. After them, move on to mastering syllables starting with vowels: “an”, “od”, “us”, etc. And only when the baby has reliably mastered the material covered, you can move on to combining syllables into simple words: “ma-ma”, “re-ka”, “la-la”.

The whole learning process can be quite lengthy, and sometimes it even turns into a multi-season series “How to teach a child syllables”, and in very difficult cases, parents “watch” the last episodes after the little one enters school.

Some methods suggest learning syllables by reading them, as if in a chant, and this is where a rather serious mistake lies: the baby, having gotten used to “singing” the syllables, over time continues to do the same with reading entire sentences, connecting them into one endless word, without punctuation marks and pauses. Therefore, it is more advisable to learn to read with expression, making an appropriate pause after each word or punctuation mark.

How to teach a child to connect syllables?

When your baby can confidently manipulate syllables and pronounce them clearly with expression, it’s time to learn to read words. They should consist of two-letter syllables, be short and understandable to the child (“fish-ba”, “zu-by”, “meat-so”, “mo-lo-ko”).

Teaching a child to connect syllables, according to teachers, is very convenient, using books for preschoolers, where words are correctly divided, there are many illustrations, and the texts are quite short.

As soon as your child masters the intricacies of simple words, you can take on more complex ones without fear: “ves-na”, “doll-la”, “cat-ka”, etc. Try to choose words where the first syllable consists of three letters , and the second is of the two.

When answering the question of how to teach a child syllables, it is worth emphasizing that systematicity and constant repetition are important here. For this purpose, use pre-made cards with syllables: “ba”, “bo”, “bu”, “be”, etc. You need to make them for each consonant and vowel letter. With the help of cards it is very convenient to form words: “va” + “za” = “va-za”, “ly” + “zhi” = “ly-zhi”.

Parents must understand that each child is individual, and the speed of learning new knowledge is different for everyone. It is quite possible that you will encounter the following situations:

• The baby knows absolutely all the letters, but for some reason does not want to combine them into syllables;
• There are no problems with letters and syllables, but the little one has absolutely no desire to learn to read.

Take a closer look at your child: it is quite possible that he wants to complete the task faster, so he is in a hurry to answer; the baby forgot or mixed up some letters; he is simply afraid to master the unfamiliar and move on to a new stage of learning.

In any case, putting pressure on, let alone shouting and scolding, a child during the learning process is unacceptable. By doing this you will discourage him from studying for a long time. Get your baby interested, learn while playing - and you will succeed. And when you meet a friend who complains that her child does not want to learn to read, then with a clear conscience you can say: “You don’t know how to teach your child syllables? Come on, I’ll tell you.”

Text: Tatyana Okonevskaya

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