Cameras of the eye: structure, functions, symptoms and treatment. Camera of the eye: structure and functions Main function of the anterior chamber angle

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The chambers of the eye are closed cavities inside eyeball, connected by the pupil and filled with intraocular fluid. In humans, there are two chamber cavities: anterior and posterior. Let's look at their structure and functions, and also list the pathologies that can affect these parts of the visual organs.

On the lateral sides, the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye is limited. And the reverse surface of the cavity represents the anterior surface of the iris and the body of the lens.

The depth of the anterior chamber is variable. It has its maximum value near the pupil and is 3.5 mm. With distance from the center of the pupil to the periphery (lateral surface) of the cavity, the depth uniformly decreases. But when the crystal capsule is removed or the retina is detached, the depth can change significantly: in the first case it will increase, in the second it will decrease.

Below the anterior chamber is the posterior chamber of the eye. It is shaped like a ring, since the central part of the cavity is occupied by the lens. Therefore, on the inside of the ring, the chamber cavity is limited by its equator. The outer part borders on the inner surface of the ciliary body. In front is the posterior layer of the iris, and behind the chamber cavity is the outer part vitreous- a gel-like liquid whose optical properties resemble glass.

Inside the posterior chamber of the eye there are many very thin threads called zonules of cinnamon. They are necessary to control the lens capsule and ciliary body. It is thanks to them that contraction of the ciliary muscle is possible, as well as ligaments, with the help of which the shape of the lens changes. This structural feature of the visual organ gives a person the opportunity to see equally well both at short and long distances.

Both chambers of the eye are filled with intraocular fluid. Its composition resembles blood plasma. The liquid contains nutrients and transfers them to the eye tissues from the inside, ensuring the functioning of the visual organ. Additionally, it receives metabolic products from them, which are subsequently redirected into the general bloodstream. The volume of the chamber cavities of the eye is in the range of 1.23-1.32 ml. And it is all filled with this liquid.

It is important that a strict balance is maintained between the production (formation) of new and the outflow of spent intraocular moisture. If it shifts to one side or another, visual functions are disrupted. If the volume of fluid produced exceeds the volume of moisture that has left the cavity, then intraocular pressure develops, which leads to the development of glaucoma. If more fluid goes into the outflow than it is produced, the pressure inside the chamber cavities drops, which threatens subatrophy of the visual organ. Any imbalance is dangerous for vision and leads, if not to loss of the visual organ and blindness, then at least to deterioration of vision.

The production of fluid to fill the eye chambers is carried out in the ciliary processes by filtering the blood flow from the capillaries - the smallest vessels. It is secreted in the posterior chamber space, then enters the anterior chamber. Subsequently flows through the surface of the anterior chamber angle. This is facilitated by the pressure difference in the veins, which seem to absorb waste fluid.

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The anterior chamber angle, or ACA, is the peripheral surface of the anterior chamber, where the cornea smoothly passes into the sclera, and the iris into the ciliary body. Of greatest importance is the drainage system of the UPC, the functions of which include controlling the outflow of spent intraocular moisture into the general bloodstream.

The drainage system of the eye includes:

Venous sinus located in the sclera.
Trabecular diaphragm, including juxtacanalicular, corneoscleral and uveal plates. The diaphragm itself is a dense network with a porous-layered structure. Towards the outside, the size of the diaphragm becomes smaller, which is useful in controlling the outflow of intraocular fluid.
Collecting tubules.

First, intraocular moisture enters the trabecular diaphragm, then into the small lumen of Schlemm’s canal. It is located near the limbus in the sclera of the eyeball.

The outflow of fluid can be carried out in another way - through the uveoscleral pathway. So up to 15% of its spent volume goes into the blood. In this case, moisture from the anterior chamber of the eye first passes into the ciliary body, after which it moves in the direction of the muscle fibers. Subsequently penetrates into the suprachoroidal space. From this cavity there is an outflow through the discharge veins through Schlemm's canal or sclera.

The sinus tubules in the sclera are responsible for draining moisture into the veins in three directions:

Into the venous vessels of the ciliary body;
In the episcleral veins;
In the venous plexus inside and on the surface of the sclera.

Pathologies of the anterior and posterior ocular chambers and methods for their diagnosis

Any disturbances associated with the outflow of fluid inside the cavities of the visual organ lead to weakening or loss of visual functions; it is important to promptly identify possible diseases. The following diagnostic methods are used for this:

Examination of the eyes in transmitted light;
Biomicroscopy – examination of an organ using a magnifying slit lamp;
Gonioscopy – study of the angle of the anterior eye chamber using magnifying lenses;
Ultrasound examination (sometimes combined with biomicroscopy);
Optical coherence tomography(briefly – OCT) of the anterior parts of the visual organ (the method allows you to study living tissue);
Pachymetry is a diagnostic method that allows you to assess the depth of the anterior ocular chamber;
Tonometry – measuring the pressure inside the chambers;
Detailed analysis of the amount of produced and flowing liquid filling the chambers.

Tonometry

Using the diagnostic methods described above, you can identify congenital anomalies:

Lack of angle in the anterior cavity;
Blockade (closure) of the UPC with particles of embryonic tissue;
Attaching the iris anteriorly.

There are many more pathologies acquired during life:

Blockade (closure) of the UPC with the root of the iris, pigment or other tissues;
Small size of the anterior chamber, as well as bombardment of the iris (these deviations are detected when the pupil is overgrown, which in medicine is called circular pupillary synechia);
Unevenly changing depth of the anterior cavity, caused by previous injuries that resulted in weakening of the zonules or displacement of the lens to the side;
Hypopyon – filling of the anterior cavity with purulent contents;
Precipitate is a solid deposit on the endothelial layer of the cornea;
Hyphema - blood entering the cavity of the anterior eye chamber;
Goniosynechia - adhesion (fusion) of tissues in the corners of the anterior chamber of the iris and trabecular meshwork;
Recession of the ciliary body is a splitting or rupture of the anterior part of the ciliary body along the line dividing the longitudinal and radial muscle fibers belonging to this body.

To maintain your visual ability, it is important to visit your ophthalmologist promptly. He will identify changes occurring inside the eyeball and tell you how to prevent them. A preventive examination is required once a year. If your vision has sharply deteriorated, pain has appeared, or you notice bleeding into the organ cavity, visit a doctor unscheduled.

Chambers are closed, interconnected spaces of the eye containing intraocular fluid. The eyeball includes two chambers, anterior and posterior, which are connected to each other through the pupil.

The anterior chamber is located just behind the cornea, delimited posteriorly by the iris. The location of the posterior chamber is directly behind the iris, its posterior border is the vitreous body. Normally, these two chambers have a constant volume, the regulation of which occurs through the formation and outflow of intraocular fluid. The production of intraocular fluid (moisture) occurs through the ciliary processes of the ciliary body, in the posterior chamber, and it flows en masse through the drainage system occupying the corner of the anterior chamber, namely the area of the junction of the cornea and sclera - the ciliary body and the iris.

The main function of the eye cameras is to organize the normal relationships of intraocular tissues, and in addition to participate in conducting light rays to the retina. In addition, they are involved together with the cornea in the refraction of incoming light rays. The refraction of rays is ensured by the identical optical properties of the aqueous humor and the cornea, which act together as a light-collecting lens, forming a clear image on the retina.

The structure of the chambers of the eye

The anterior chamber is limited from the outside by the inner surface of the cornea - its endothelial layer, on the periphery by the outer wall of the angle of the anterior chamber, and behind by the anterior surface of the iris and the anterior capsule of the lens. Its depth is uneven, in the area of the pupil it is greatest and reaches 3.5 mm, gradually decreasing further towards the periphery. However, in some cases, the depth in the anterior chamber increases (an example is removal of the lens), or decreases, as with detachment of the choroid.

Behind the anterior chamber is the posterior chamber, the anterior border of which is the posterior leaf of the iris, the outer border is the inner side of the ciliary body, the posterior border is the anterior segment of the vitreous body, and the inner border is the equator of the lens. The internal space of the posterior chamber is pierced by numerous thin threads, the so-called ligaments of Zinn, connecting the lens capsule and the ciliary body. Tension or relaxation of the ciliary muscle, and subsequently the ligaments, ensures a change in the shape of the lens, which gives a person the ability to see well at different distances.

Intraocular moisture, which fills the volume of the chambers of the eye, has a composition similar to blood plasma, carrying nutrients necessary for the functioning of the internal tissues of the eye, as well as metabolic products that are excreted further into the bloodstream.

The chambers of the eye hold only 1.23-1.32 cm3 of aqueous humor, but a strict balance between its production and outflow is extremely important for the function of the eye. Any disruption of this system can lead to an increase in intraocular pressure, as in glaucoma, as well as to its decrease, which happens with subatrophy of the eyeball. Moreover, each of these conditions is very dangerous and threatens complete blindness and loss of the eye.

The production of intraocular fluid occurs in the ciliary processes by filtering the blood flow of the capillary blood flow. Formed in the posterior chamber, the fluid enters the anterior chamber, and then flows out through the angle of the anterior chamber due to the difference in pressure of the venous vessels, into which moisture is absorbed at the end.

Anterior chamber angle

The anterior chamber angle is the zone corresponding to the area of transition of the cornea into the sclera and the iris into the ciliary body. The main component of this zone is the drainage system, which ensures and controls the outflow of intraocular fluid on its way to the bloodstream.

The drainage system of the eyeball consists of the trabecular diaphragm, scleral venous sinus and collector tubules. The trabecular diaphragm can be imagined as a dense network with a layered and porous structure, and its pores gradually decrease outward, making it possible to regulate the outflow of intraocular moisture. In the trabecular diaphragm, it is customary to distinguish the uveal, corneoscleral, and juxtacanalicular plates. Having passed the trabecular meshwork, the fluid flows into a slit-like space called Schlemm’s canal, which is localized at the limbus in the thickness of the sclera, along the circumference of the eyeball.

At the same time, there is another, additional outflow pathway, the so-called uveoscleral, which bypasses the trabecular meshwork. Almost 15% of the volume of outflowing moisture passes through it, which comes from the angle in the anterior chamber to the ciliary body along the muscle fibers, further entering the suprachoroidal space. Then it flows through the veins of the graduates, directly through the sclera or through Schlemm’s canal.

Through the collector tubules of the scleral sinus, aqueous humor is discharged into the venous vessels in three directions: into the deep and superficial scleral venous plexuses, episcleral veins, and the network of veins of the ciliary body.

Video about the structure of the chambers of the eye

Diagnosis of eye chamber pathologies

To identify pathological conditions of the eye chambers, the following diagnostic methods are traditionally prescribed:

Visual examination in transmitted light.
Biomicroscopy – examination with a slit lamp.
Gonioscopy is a visual examination of the anterior chamber angle with a slit lamp using a gonioscope.
Ultrasound diagnostics, including ultrasound biomicroscopy.
Optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment of the eye.
Pachymetry of the anterior chamber with assessment of chamber depth.
Tonography for detailed identification of the amount of production and outflow of aqueous humor.
Tonometry to determine intraocular pressure indicators.

Symptoms of damage to the chambers of the eye in various diseases

Congenital anomalies

The anterior chamber angle is missing.
The iris has an anterior attachment.
The angle of the anterior chamber is blocked by the remains of embryonic tissue that did not resolve by the time of birth.

Acquired changes

The anterior chamber angle is blocked by the iris root, pigment, etc.
Small anterior chamber, bombardment of the iris, which occurs when the pupil is closed or circular pupillary synechia.
Uneven depth of the anterior chamber, which is caused by a change in the position of the lens due to injury or weakness of the zonules of the eye.
Hypopyon is an accumulation of purulent discharge in the anterior chamber.
Hyphema is an accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber.
Precipitates on the endothelium of the cornea.
Recession or rupture of the anterior chamber angle, due to traumatic clefting in the anterior part of the ciliary muscle.
Goniosynechia is adhesions (fusion) of the iris and trabecular diaphragm in the corner of the anterior chamber.

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The chambers of the eye are filled with intraocular fluid, which moves freely from one chamber to another during the normal structure and functioning of these anatomical formations. There are two chambers in the eyeball - anterior and posterior. However, the front one is most important. Its boundaries in front are the cornea, and in the back – the iris. In turn, the posterior chamber is limited in front by the iris, and behind by the lens.

Important! The volume of chamber formations of the eyeball should normally remain unchanged. This is due to the balanced process of formation of intraocular fluid and its outflow.

The structure of the chambers of the eye

The maximum depth of the anterior chamber formation is 3.5 mm in the pupillary region, gradually narrowing in the peripheral direction. Its measurement is important for the diagnosis of certain pathological processes. Thus, an increase in the thickness of the anterior chamber is observed after phacoemulsification (removal of the lens), and a decrease is observed with choroidal detachment. The posterior chamber formation contains a large number of thin connective tissue strands. These are zonular ligaments that are woven into the lens capsule on one side and, on the other, connected to the ciliary body. They are involved in regulating the curvature of the lens, which is necessary for clear and clear vision. The angle of the anterior chamber is of great practical importance, since through it the outflow of fluid contained inside the eye occurs. When it is blocked, angle-closure glaucoma develops. The anterior chamber angle is located in the area where the sclera meets the cornea. Its drainage system includes the following formations:

collector tubules;
scleral sinus venous;
diaphragm is trabecular.

Functions

The function of the chamber structures of the eye is the formation of aqueous humor. Its secretion is ensured by the ciliary body, which is richly vascularized (a large number of vessels). It is located in the posterior chamber, that is, it is a secretory structure, and the anterior one is responsible for the outflow of this fluid (through the corners).

In addition, the cameras provide:

light conductivity, that is, the unhindered transmission of light to the retina;
ensuring normal relationships between various structures of the eyeball;
light refraction, which also occurs with the participation of the cornea, which ensures normal projection of light beams on the retina.

Diseases affecting chamber formations

Pathological processes affecting chamber formations can be either congenital or acquired. Possible diseases of this localization:

missing corner;
remnant tissue of the embryonic period in the area of the corner;
improper attachment of the iris in front;
disruption of outflow through the anterior angle as a result of its blocking by pigment or the root of the iris;
reduction in the size of the anterior chamber formation, which occurs in the case of a closed pupil or synechiae;
traumatic damage to the lens or weak ligaments that support it, which ultimately leads to different depths of the anterior chamber in different parts of it;
purulent inflammation of the chambers (hypopyon);
presence of blood in the chambers (hyphema);
formation of synechiae (connective tissue cords) in the chambers of the eye;
split angle of the anterior chamber (its recession);
glaucoma, which may be the result of increased formation of intraocular fluid or impaired outflow.

Symptoms of these diseases

Symptoms that appear when the chambers of the eye are damaged:

eye pain;
blurred vision, blurred vision;
reducing its severity;
change in eye color, especially with hemorrhage in the anterior chamber;
clouding of the cornea, especially with purulent lesions of chamber structures, etc.

Diagnostic search for damage to the chambers of the eye

Diagnosis of suspected pathological processes includes the following studies:

biomicroscopic examination using a slit lamp;
gonioscopy is a microscopic examination of the anterior chamber angle, which is especially important for the differential diagnosis of glaucoma;
use, for diagnostic purposes, of ultrasound;
coherence optical tomography;
pachymetry, which measures the depth of the anterior chamber of the eye;
automated tonometry - measuring the pressure exerted by the intraocular fluid;
study of the secretion and outflow of fluid from the eye through the angles of the chambers.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the anterior and posterior chamber formations of the eyeball perform important functions that are necessary for the normal functioning of the visual analyzer. On the one hand, they contribute to the formation of a clear image on the retina, and on the other, they regulate the balance of intraocular fluid. The development of the pathological process is accompanied by a violation of these functions, which leads to disruption of normal vision.

The chambers of the eye are closed cavities inside the eyeball, connected by the pupil and filled with intraocular fluid. In humans, there are two chamber cavities: anterior and posterior. Let's look at their structure and functions, and also list the pathologies that can affect these parts of the visual organs.

The anterior chamber of the eye is located just behind the cornea. Therefore, on the outside it is limited by the endothelium of the cornea, consisting of a single layer of flat cells.

On the lateral sides, the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye is limited. And the reverse surface of the cavity represents the anterior surface of the iris and the body of the lens.

Below the anterior chamber is the posterior chamber of the eye. It is shaped like a ring, since the central part of the cavity is occupied by the lens. Therefore, on the inside of the ring, the chamber cavity is limited by its equator. The outer part borders on the inner surface of the ciliary body. In front is the posterior layer of the iris, and behind the chamber cavity is the outer part of the vitreous body - a gel-like liquid whose optical properties resemble glass.

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The drainage system of the eye includes:

Venous sinus located in the sclera.
Trabecular diaphragm, including juxtacanalicular, corneoscleral and uveal plates. The diaphragm itself is a dense network with a porous-layered structure. Towards the outside, the size of the diaphragm becomes smaller, which is useful in controlling the outflow of intraocular fluid.
Collecting tubules.

First, intraocular moisture enters the trabecular diaphragm, then into the small lumen of Schlemm’s canal. It is located near the limbus in the sclera of the eyeball.

The sinus tubules in the sclera are responsible for draining moisture into the veins in three directions:

Into the venous vessels of the ciliary body;
In the episcleral veins;
In the venous plexus inside and on the surface of the sclera.

Pathologies of the anterior and posterior ocular chambers and methods for their diagnosis

Examination of the eyes in transmitted light;
Biomicroscopy – examination of an organ using a magnifying slit lamp;
Gonioscopy – study of the angle of the anterior eye chamber using magnifying lenses;
Ultrasound examination (sometimes combined with biomicroscopy);
Optical coherence tomography (OCT for short) of the anterior parts of the visual organ (the method allows you to examine living tissues);
Pachymetry is a diagnostic method that allows you to assess the depth of the anterior ocular chamber;
Tonometry – measuring the pressure inside the chambers;
Detailed analysis of the amount of produced and flowing liquid filling the chambers.

Using the diagnostic methods described above, you can identify congenital anomalies:

Lack of angle in the anterior cavity;
Blockade (closure) of the UPC with particles of embryonic tissue;
Attaching the iris anteriorly.

There are many more pathologies acquired during life:

Blockade (closure) of the UPC with the root of the iris, pigment or other tissues;
Small size of the anterior chamber, as well as bombardment of the iris (these deviations are detected when the pupil is overgrown, which in medicine is called circular pupillary synechia);
Unevenly changing depth of the anterior cavity, caused by previous injuries that resulted in weakening of the zonules or displacement of the lens to the side;
Hypopyon – filling of the anterior cavity with purulent contents;
Precipitate is a solid deposit on the endothelial layer of the cornea;
Hyphema - blood entering the cavity of the anterior eye chamber;
Goniosynechia - adhesion (fusion) of tissues in the corners of the anterior chamber of the iris and trabecular meshwork;
Recession of the ciliary body is a splitting or rupture of the anterior part of the ciliary body along the line dividing the longitudinal and radial muscle fibers belonging to this body.

Under physiological norms, the chambers have a constant volume, which is ensured by the strictly regulated formation and outflow of intraocular moisture. Its formation occurs with the participation of the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber, and the outflow of fluid occurs mostly through a system of drainages, which are located in the corner of the anterior chamber - the zone of transition of the cornea into, and the ciliary body into the iris.

The main function of the eye cameras is to maintain relationships between intraocular tissues and participate in the conduction of light to, as well as in the refraction of light rays together with the cornea. Light rays are refracted due to the similar optical properties of the intraocular fluid and the cornea, which together act like a lens that collects light rays, resulting in a clear image of objects.

The structure of the chambers of the eye

The outer border of the anterior chamber is the inner surface of the cornea, that is, the endothelium; along the periphery it borders with the outer wall of the anterior chamber, behind, with the anterior surface of the iris, as well as the anterior capsule. The chamber has an uneven depth - the greatest up to 3.5 mm in the pupillary region, and then decreasing towards the periphery. True, sometimes the depth of the anterior chamber increases, for example, after removal of the lens, or decreases, in the case of detachment of the choroid.

The location of the posterior chamber is immediately behind the anterior chamber, therefore, its anterior boundary is the posterior leaf of the iris, the posterior is the anterior section of the vitreous, the outer is the internal region of the ciliary body, and the inner is the segment of the equator of the lens. The space of the posterior chamber is all penetrated by numerous ultra-thin threads - the ligaments of Zinn, which connect the lens capsule and the ciliary body. Due to tension or relaxation of the ciliary muscle and ligaments, the shape of the lens changes, which gives a person the opportunity to see well at different distances.

The intraocular fluid that fills the chambers of the eye is similar in composition to blood plasma. It contains nutrients necessary for the normal functioning of intraocular tissues and metabolic products, which are then released into the bloodstream.

The volume of the chambers of the eye contains only 1.23-1.32 cm3 of aqueous humor, but strict correspondence between its production and outflow is extremely important for the eye. Any violations of this system, as a rule, lead to an increase in intraocular pressure (for example, with), or a decrease in it (as with subatrophy of the eyeball). Any of these conditions is very dangerous, in terms of the onset of complete or even loss of the eye.

The production of aqueous humor is occupied by the processes of the ciliary body; this occurs by filtering blood from the capillaries. Formed in the posterior chamber, moisture flows into the anterior chamber, then flowing out through the angle of the anterior chamber due to more low pressure venous vessels into which it is ultimately absorbed.

Anterior chamber angle. Structure

The anterior chamber angle is the zone of the anterior chamber, corresponding to the zone of transition of the cornea into the sclera, and the iris into the ciliary body. The most important part of this area is the drainage system, which ensures a controlled outflow of intraocular fluid into the bloodstream.

The drainage system of the eyeball involves the trabecular diaphragm, scleral venous sinus, and collector tubules. The trabecular diaphragm is a dense network with a porous-layered structure, the pore size of which gradually decreases outward, which helps in regulating the outflow of intraocular moisture. The trabecular diaphragm can be divided into uveal, corneoscleral, and juxtacanalicular plates. Having overcome the trabecular meshwork, the intraocular fluid enters the slit-like narrow space of Schlemm’s canal, located at the limbus in the thickness of the sclera of the circumference of the eyeball.

There is also an additional outflow pathway, outside the trabecular meshwork, called the uveoscleral. They pass up to 15% of the total volume of outflowing moisture, while the fluid from the angle of the anterior chamber enters the ciliary body, passes along the muscle fibers, then penetrating into the suprachoroidal space. And only from here does it flow through the veins of graduates, directly through the sclera, or through Schlemm’s canal.

The tubules of the scleral sinus are responsible for the drainage of aqueous humor into the venous vessels in three main directions: into the deep intrascleral venous plexus, as well as the superficial scleral venous plexus, into the episcleral veins, and into the network of veins of the ciliary body.

Diagnostic methods for diseases of the eye chambers

Transmitted light imaging.

Studying the anterior chamber angle using a microscope and ().

Ultrasound diagnostics, including ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Optical coherence tomography for the anterior segment of the eye.

Anterior chamber depth estimation ().

Determination of intraocular pressure ().

Detailed assessment of the production and outflow of intraocular fluid.

Congenital pathologies:

Lack of angle in the anterior chamber.

Blockage of the angle in the anterior chamber by remnants of embryonic tissue.

Anterior attachment of the iris.

Acquired pathologies:

Blockade of the anterior chamber angle with the iris root, pigment, or other.

Small anterior chamber, bombardment of the iris - occurs when the pupil is closed or circular pupillary synechia.

Uneven depth in the anterior chamber - observed with post-traumatic changes in the position of the lens or weakness of the zonules.

Hypopyon is a purulent accumulation in the anterior chamber.

Precipitates on the corneal endothelium.

Hyphema is blood in the space of the anterior chamber of the eye.

Goniosynechia is adhesions in the corner of the anterior chamber of the iris and trabecular diaphragm.

Recession of the anterior chamber angle is a splitting, rupture of the anterior zone of the ciliary body along the line that separates the radial and longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle.

The chambers of the eye are closed spaces connected to each other in which intraocular fluid circulates. Normally, the chambers of the eyes communicate with each other through the pupil.

The structure of the eye consists of two chambers: anterior and posterior. The volume of the chambers of the eye is a constant value, this is achieved by controlling the inflow and outflow of fluid inside the eye. They will mix in 1.23 to 1.32 cm 3 of intraocular fluid. Participates in the formation of intraocular fluid posterior chamber of the eye, or rather the ciliary processes of the ciliary body. A significant amount of intraocular fluid flows through the drainage system of the anterior chamber angle.

The structure of the chambers of the eye

The refractive function is carried out jointly with the cornea, since they have the same optical power, thereby forming a collecting lens. The intraocular fluid, which fills the entire space of the chambers, has a similar composition to blood plasma and contains nutrients that are necessary for the normal functioning of eye tissues.

Methods for studying diseases of the eye chambers

Biomicroscopy;
- Gonioscopy;
- Ultrasound diagnostics;
- Ultrasound biomicroscopy;
- Optical coherence tomography;
- Pachymetry of the anterior chamber;
- Tonography;
- Tonometry.

Inside the chambers of the eye there is intraocular fluid, which circulates unhindered if the function and anatomy of these chambers is not impaired. The eyeball has two chambers: anterior and posterior. The front camera plays a more significant function. It is limited in front and behind by the iris. The rear camera is limited at the rear and .

Normally, the volume of intraocular fluid is constant. This is due to the unhindered circulation of moisture through the chambers of the eye.

The structure of the chambers of the eye

The anterior chamber has a depth of approximately 3.5 mm. In the peripheral areas, the space of the anterior chamber gradually narrows. Measuring the size of the anterior chamber is important diagnostic sign some diseases. For example, an increase in the size of the anterior chamber occurs after removal of the lens by. A decrease in this size is typical for.

The structure of the posterior chamber contains a larger number of thin connective tissue cords. They are called zonules of Zinn and are woven into the lens capsule. The other end of the ligament of Zinn is connected to the ciliary body. These ligaments are necessary to regulate the curvature of the lens, they provide a mechanism that allows you to see objects clearly.

The size of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eyeball is important, since intraocular moisture flows out of the chambers through it. If a block occurs front corner, then the so-called closed angle develops. The angle of the anterior chamber is formed in the place where the membrane passes into the cornea.

The intraocular fluid drainage system includes the following structures:

Collecting tubules;
Trabecular diaphragm;
Venous sinus of the sclera.

Physiological role of eye cameras

The main function of the chambers of the eye is the production of aqueous humor. The intraocular fluid is secreted by the ciliary body, which contains a large number of vessels. This body is located in the posterior chamber of the eye, which can be called secreting. While the anterior chamber of the eye is responsible for the normal outflow of fluid from the cavities of the eye.

In addition, the cameras of the eyeball have other functions:

Light conductivity (permeability to light waves);
Normal relationship between the various structures of the eye;
Light refraction, due to which rays are focused on a plane.

Video about the structure of the chambers of the eye

Symptoms of damage to the chambers of the eye

If these pathologies are present, the patient may develop the following signs of the disease:

Pain sensations;
blurred vision;
Decreased overall visual acuity;
Changes in the color characteristics of the iris;
, which is often associated with purulent inflammatory process in the chambers of the eye.

Diagnostic methods for damage to the chambers of the eye

If damage to the anterior or posterior chambers of the eye is suspected, it is necessary to perform a series of studies:

slit lamp examination.
(microscopy of the anterior chamber of the eye), which allows you to differentiate glaucoma.
Coherent optical tomography.
provides measurement of the depth of the anterior chamber.
Study of fluid secretion and its outflow.
Automated tonometry measures the pressure inside the eye.

It should be said again that the formations of the eye located in the anterior and posterior chambers play an important role in the circulation of intraocular moisture. They also contribute to the formation of a clear image on the retina. With the development of diseases that affect the chambers of the eye, the visual analyzer as a whole suffers, and, consequently, the function of vision.

Diseases of the chambers of the eye

Various diseases can lead to disruption of the structures located inside the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.

These include:

Congenital absence of the anterior chamber angle.
The presence of embryonic tissue in the area of the corner of the eye.
Violation of the outflow of moisture through the angle of the anterior chamber when it is blocked by pigment, the root of the iris.
Incorrect attachment of the iris in the anterior region.
Damage to the lens due to trauma, weakness of the zonules of Zinn, which leads to a change in the size of the anterior chamber. Its depth becomes uneven in different areas.
Reduction in the size of the anterior chamber, which is possible with synechiae or pupillary fusion.
Purulent inflammation (hypopyon).
Hemorrhage into the chamber cavity ().
Formation of adhesions consisting of connective tissue(synechia).
Glaucoma associated with an imbalance between moisture synthesis and its outflow.
Recession of the anterior chamber angle (its splitting).