What to do if a growth appears in a tooth. What does the appearance of a growth on the gum lead to? Traditional methods of treatment

The appearance of a growth may indicate an active inflammatory process or the development of a serious disease in the body. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to detect a tumor on your own. Sometimes the patient finds out about it only after the appearance of alarming symptoms. Therefore, you should not forget about routine dental examinations, because the doctor is able to recognize the problem at the initial stages of its development.

Growths on the gums may indicate the following ailments: on the gums, fibroma or.

All these diseases can lead to serious consequences. If you ignore going to the dentist and start treatment, then you cannot do without surgical intervention.

Tumors that arise due to the development of cancer are formed as a result of the uncontrolled division of mutated cells. It is a red growth on the gum with whitish spots of keratinized epithelium. The disease affects soft fabrics, but it can quickly spread to the jaw bones, and if left untreated for a long time, metastases are also found in the submandibular lymph nodes.

The reasons that provoke the development of cancer are still not known exactly, but it has been proven that there are factors that significantly increase the risk of the disease. For example, smoking, low immunity, and regular consumption of junk food containing carcinogens are noted among them. Also, an oncological tumor can form at the site of a cyst or fibroma that has not been treated for a long time.

With gum cancer, in addition to pain, a person may experience symptoms such as constant fatigue, drowsiness, lack of appetite, elevated temperature. Signs of the disease are not enough to make an accurate diagnosis, so doctors conduct a detailed examination. A biopsy of the tumor scraping, an analysis for tumor markers and an MRI of the whole body are required.

Gum cancer is treated surgically. The growth is removed during surgery under general anesthesia. After this, the doctor prescribes a specially selected course of chemotherapy necessary to prevent further development of the cancer. It is impossible to cure gum cancer using traditional methods. But they are sometimes used to alleviate the patient’s condition, treat the oral cavity for the purpose of disinfection and prevent the development of other ailments.

Gum fibroma

Fibroma is a benign neoplasm and consists of soft tissue cells. connective tissue. It looks like a small fleshy growth on the gum, which has a clear outline and a narrowed base. Such neoplasms are characterized by slow growth, which significantly reduces the risk of complications.

Fibroids occur as a result of gum injuries or concomitant inflammatory processes in the body. The likelihood of developing the disease increases in people with a family history, since the tendency to this disease can be transmitted genetically.

Gum fibroma does not cause any pain during the growth process. A person only has the sensation of the presence of a foreign object in the mouth. But if its integrity is damaged and it increases significantly (up to 2-3 cm in size), fibroma can cause severe pain, bleed, and then develop into a malignant tumor.

Treatment of the disease begins with excision of the growth. Surgery to remove fibroids is painful, so it is performed under local anesthesia. After excision, the patient is prescribed medications that promote rapid healing. Among them are antiseptics for treating the oral cavity, immunostimulants. You can also use natural remedies for rinsing, for example, a decoction of oak bark, chamomile or sage.

Cyst on the gum

A cyst is a hard growth on the gum that occurs as a result of a protracted inflammatory process. It is a rounded neoplasm made of connective tissue and walls of stratified epithelium which is filled inside. The cyst can range in size from a few millimeters to 3 centimeters.

The appearance of such a growth is due to several factors, among them are:

• presence of teeth affected by caries, advanced form;
• poorly installed fillings;
• tooth perforation, which occurs as a result of inaccurate canal cleaning procedures;
• accompanying .

A cyst on the gum in the initial stages of growth may not cause any symptoms. But over time, it increases and provokes pain and discomfort when chewing. Also, a tingling sensation may appear at the site of its formation. Based on the fact that a cyst is an inflammatory disease, it is characterized by an increase in body temperature and a general deterioration in well-being.

If a growth on the gum is not properly treated for a long time, it may open up on its own. In this case, pus from the cyst reaches healthy tissues and infects them. In addition, there is a high probability of formation of pathological canals in the gums.

IN modern dentistry Cysts are treated using surgical or conservative methods. The growth is removed using a laser, current or scalpel, depending on its size and the general condition of the patient. If the tooth near which the cyst is located is severely damaged, it may require complete or partial removal.

Conservative treatment involves taking medications that relieve inflammation, stop the proliferation of bacteria, and disinfect the oral cavity. Doctors also prescribe medications to eliminate unpleasant symptoms, such as analgesics. Traditional methods can be used in combination with traditional ones, for example, calendula compresses are suitable. It is important to remember that if you have a cyst, all procedures that involve heating are contraindicated, as they can cause the spread of pus to healthy tissue.

In general, if a growth on the gum bothers you, you cannot delay its treatment. Advanced diseases are more difficult to treat and recovery in such cases takes much longer.

Epulis on the gums does not hurt and practically does not bother a person, so it is often detected by chance. The disease is not dangerous, but with chronic trauma it can become malignant. Therefore, when it is detected or occurs unpleasant symptoms you should consult a doctor.

Causes

There are many reasons why a growth appears on the gum. The main one is considered to be trauma to the tissues or mucous membrane into which microorganisms penetrate - with their pathological effects, tissue proliferation occurs. For example, a growth may form on the gum after tooth extraction if the dentist’s working conditions were not sterile.

Other causes of the disease in adults:

• presence of bad habits;
• unsatisfactory hygienic care;
• dental anomalies;
• malocclusion;
• dental diseases;
• chronic periodontitis;
• hormonal changes;
• benign and malignant tumors;
• soft tissue damage.

The disease often occurs in children, which is associated with changing teeth or more high level traumatic.

The reasons for the appearance of a formation on the gums of a child:

• period of mixed dentition;
• teething;
• dental diseases: caries, periodontitis;
• violations of the bite and position of the teeth.

Children also experience growth on the gums after. After the procedure, it is necessary to follow the doctor’s recommendations and not touch the wound, but children often put foreign objects in their mouths, as a result of which tissue becomes infected.

Types of formations on the gums

The formation on the gum looks like an area that has grown and extended beyond the gingival margin. The growth may look like a small tumor or wart and be red or pink in color. Experts distinguish several types of epulis:

• Angiomatous epulis looks like a red, rough growth. The formation is soft to the touch and may bleed when pressed. Most often, parents note that the growth appeared in children during the period of mixed dentition (5–10 years). It is formed during growth blood vessels gums. The disease is dangerous because it can quickly increase and reoccur after removal.
• Fibrous epulis on the gum has a dense structure, pink color and resembles normal gum. The formation grows slowly and does not cause pain even with pressure.
• Hygintocellular the growth has a specific appearance: a lumpy surface, red or bluish color, elastic structure. Epulis can reach significant sizes. When injured, bleeding occurs, and with chronic injury there is a risk of malignancy. It occurs more often in people 40–60 years old.

A benign formation grows slowly, does not cause discomfort, and is small in size.

• rapid increase in growth on the gum;
• large epulis size;
• inflammation and formation of purulent exudate;
• constant traumatization and bleeding of the formation;
• the occurrence of diseases of adjacent teeth.

Which doctor treats a growth on the gum?

The dentist treats the disease. A dentist of any specialization can conduct a consultation: therapist, periodontist, orthopedist, orthodontist, surgeon. But the treatment and removal of the growth is carried out by a surgeon.

When visiting a specialist, a thorough examination and tests are carried out, and an anamnesis of life and illness is collected. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe tests, additional methods research and consultation with other specialists.

Treatment of epulis on the gum

Medication and surgery epulis on the gum should only be performed by a specialist. Self-medication can injure the formation and cause complications.

Surgical treatment is a minor operation with local anesthesia, which involves removing the growth.

Removal can be done by excision with a scalpel or laser. The second option is less traumatic and more preferable. The operation is considered simple and takes about 30 minutes. The intervention is carried out after testing and diagnosis. If a malignant neoplasm is suspected, the removed tissue is sent for biopsy or histological examination.

After removing the growth on the gum, you need to carry out drug treatment and follow your doctor's recommendations:

• perform high-quality dental hygiene;
• wash the wound with antiseptics;
• rinse the mouth;
• stick to a diet;
• use anti-inflammatory drugs;
• when prescribed by a doctor, use antibiotics to prevent complications;
• use local wound healing agents.

Is treatment possible at home?

Treating the disease at home is almost impossible or ineffective. In addition, if the treatment is incorrect, complications may occur. The best solution would be to consult a specialist.

Application of funds traditional medicine will help relieve inflammation from tissues and speed up recovery after surgical excision of the lump.

Can be carried out next treatment Houses:

• Rinsing the mouth with decoctions medicinal herbs(St. John's wort, chamomile, sage, calendula, oak bark). Healing herbs have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
• Rinsing with a solution of baking soda and salt helps relieve swelling and inflammation.
• Using ointments based on herbs and vitamins to heal the wound.

In the absence of professional treatment, the infection can spread - the gums, periosteum, bone, and lymph nodes are affected. Treatment of complications will be difficult, time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, you should consult a doctor in time and carry out the treatment prescribed by him.

Consequences

If left untreated, the growth on the gum will increase and sooner or later it will begin to bother you. The appearance of bleeding, pain, and discomfort may indicate the degeneration of a pathological process in tissues into a malignant one.

With improper treatment or its absence, other unpleasant complications may occur:

• inflammation of the gums;
• , periodontitis, periostitis;
• lymphadenitis - inflammatory lesion lymph nodes;
• spread of infection in the oral cavity and body;
• development of dental diseases.

Prevention

Seal on the gums occurs due to various reasons, and to prevent the disease, you should adhere to preventive measures. Prevention includes regular visits to the dentist to check the oral cavity, treat diseases, and carry out.

A necessary condition for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and the body as a whole is high-quality and regular hygiene care. it is necessary in the morning and in the evening, for this you should use products selected by a specialist.

After eating, it is advisable to rinse the mouth with water or. Before going to bed, you should use dental floss to clean between your teeth.

After removal of teeth or other surgical interventions it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations, observe postoperative period. If complications or pain occur, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.

We can conclude that epulis on the gums is not dangerous disease, but requires qualified assistance. The disease may not bother you, exist for years and be detected by chance. Since there is a risk of complications and infection entering the body, proper and complete treatment should be carried out.

Useful video about excision of growth on the gum

For students

You can use this article as part or basis of your essay or even thesis or your website

Save the result in MS Word Docx or PDF, share with friends, Thank you:)

Article categories

• Students of dental faculties of medical universities

Deposits (growths) on teeth

Teeth staining (pigmentation) refers to the persistent unnatural color of the tooth surface. Healthy teeth are white with various shades: from bluish-white (baby, or temporary, teeth) to white-gray and even yellowish (permanent teeth).
Teeth staining is divided into external and internal based on its origin. With external staining of teeth, coloring substances are deposited on the tooth surface, sometimes penetrating into enamel defects. The cause of staining (pigmentation) of teeth is determined by color, location and intensity of color.
Discoloration of teeth after teething can be caused by many factors.
The color of the tooth can be changed by pigmented plaque, which is formed as a result of violation of the rules of hygienic oral care.
Black pigment plaque is observed in the form of a black or brown ribbon along the free gingival margin on the tooth enamel. This staining of teeth occurs mainly in women. This staining of teeth is a person’s individual ability to form mucinous plaque on which chromogenic bacteria settle. Poor hygiene and food pigments increase the intensity of this coloring.
Green pigment plaque is more common in children in the area of ​​the neck of the maxillary incisors and consists of epithelial processes of the nasmite membrane, penetrating into the surface defects of the enamel and inorganic elements of destroyed hemoglobin, chromogenic bacteria. The color of the plaque varies from light to dark green. The formation of such plaque is associated with poor oral hygiene. The color is permanent and difficult to remove.
The orange pigment plaque appears as a thin line in the cervical third of the crowns of teeth (usually incisors) from yellow to brick-red. Occurs more often in children. This coloration is caused by chromogenic bacteria. The orange pigment coating is removed during professional hygiene procedures.
TO external factors substances that can change the color of tooth enamel for a given period of time include food substances (coffee, tea, red wine) and medicinal substances. Berries (blueberries, bird cherry) stain teeth blue-black. Medicinal substances, used for mouth rinsing or oral baths (ethacridine, potassium permanganate), also give the teeth and oral mucosa a yellow or brown tint for a short period of time; black pigment is deposited when rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine.
This type of tooth staining is eliminated by treating the stained areas with an abrasive paste using polishing brushes.
Chlorhexidine pigmentation can be eliminated using enamel microabrasion technology.
Dark brown pigmented plaque is deposited on the surface of tooth enamel when using tobacco. Tobacco staining of teeth appears in pits and fissures on the chewing, vestibular and lingual surfaces.
Removing tobacco plaque requires professional hygiene procedures. Smokers should recommend the most abrasive toothpastes and rubber cups.
Good results in removing dense plaque are obtained after using an abrasive powder (usually based on sodium bicarbonate) applied to the surface of the tooth with water under pressure (handy blaster). For the same purpose, the Air Flow device is used, with which plaque is removed and teeth are polished using sandblasting.
Soft plaque (material alba) in the form of a soft, loose mass covers the cervical areas of tooth crowns and interdental spaces. Observed in people who do not take good care of their oral cavity.
In persons with healthy teeth and gums, the soft plaque is partially removed at the time of eating, remaining only in specified places in between chewing acts, for example in the morning, since the teeth are not cleaned during the night.
With poor oral care or difficulty chewing food, soft white food plaque is deposited in significant quantities on all surfaces of the teeth.
Under a microscope, food debris, accumulation of rejected epithelial cells, leukocytes and microorganisms are determined in the soft white plaque. In addition to the coccus group, rod-shaped forms, fungi and spirilla are found. If the soft plaque is not removed, then inorganic substances gradually accumulate in it, mainly calcium salts contained in saliva. This is how hard supragingival tartar is formed.
Soft plaque can be removed partially (by rinsing the mouth with water) or completely (by cleaning the teeth with normal hygiene procedures).

TOOTH CALCULUS
Based on location and origin, supragingival and subgingival tartar are distinguished.
Supragingival calculus is located on the surface of the teeth above the gingival margin. It is usually white or whitish-yellow in color, hard or clay-like
figurative consistency. Its color is often influenced by exposure to tobacco or food pigments. Supragingival stone occurs in 37-70% of children 9-15 years old, 44-88% of young people 16-22 years old and 86-100% of adults over 40 years old. Typically, supragingival tartar is distinguished by color, less often by hardness. Some other properties of tartar also coincide with a certain color: hardness, speed of formation. The lighter the tartar, the less dense and hard it is, the faster it is formed and deposited in larger quantities. Dark tartar is denser and harder, forms more slowly and in smaller quantities (Fig. 8-9).

Rice. 8-9. Supragingival calculus.
Supragingival stone is classified as a salivary type, since it has been proven that the minerals and organic components for the formation of this stone come from saliva.
Subgingival tartar is located in gingival or periodontal pockets. Subgingival tartar is usually dense and hard, dark brown or greenish-black in color. The prevalence of subgingival calculus is slightly lower than supragingival calculus, but it is found in almost all individuals over 40 years of age.
Subgingival stone is classified as a serum type, since gingival fluid, reminiscent of blood serum, serves as a source of mineralization of this type of stone. The composition of subgingival tartar is similar to supragingival tartar.
Tartar irritates and compresses the gingival margin, which leads to injury and inflammation. Dental plaque should be considered as a local infectious focus that can cause a number of pathological processes in the oral cavity and general intoxication of the body, therefore the removal of dental plaque for preventive and therapeutic purposes is very important. Tartar removal can be done mechanically. For this purpose, excavators of various shapes, hooks, enamel knives, and curettage spoons are used. The main tool for removing tartar is a sharp excavator.
Removal of dental plaque should begin with supragingival calculus. Only after this they begin to remove subgingival tartar and granulations. Removal should not be done from all teeth at once. Usually no more than 3-4 teeth are treated. It is very important that the instrument is suitable in shape and size - matches the curves of the tooth surface and the space inside the gingival and periodontal pockets.
Complete removal of subgingival tartar is determined using a probe. When scraping is carried out correctly, the root surface is smooth and hard, and suppuration from the gum pockets stops.
Currently, special burs have been developed to remove subgingival calculus. These burs have a conical shape with flattened, convex or concave surfaces. They are produced in lengths of 22 and 26 cm and diameters of 0.8 and 1 mm in accordance with the shape of the roots and the depth of the gingival and periodontal pockets.
Tartar removal can be done using ultrasound.
Ultrasound devices should be used carefully when performing manipulations on patients with cardiovascular diseases. The use of ultrasound is contraindicated in the presence of a pacemaker.
It has been established that, compared to hand instruments, ultrasonic removal of tartar is more effective and less traumatic for periodontal tissue.
To remove tartar from mobile teeth where the tartar is very firmly attached, you can use chemicals that dissolve the tartar, such as a liquid detergent consisting of concentrated hydrochloric acid, iodine and chloroform. The detergent softens tartar, which can then be easily scraped off the tooth surface. The procedure for removing tartar should be completed by polishing the teeth. To do this, use plastic and rubber cups, brushes and brushes with abrasive pastes.

PLAQUE
Dental plaque (plaque) is a structured sticky plaque on a tooth, which consists of components of saliva, bacterial metabolic products, food debris and clusters of microorganisms tightly fixed on the matrix.
Dental plaque is localized in the fissures and cavities of the teeth, in the cervical third of the tooth crown, and on the open surface of the root. Dental plaque (plaque) begins to accumulate within 2 hours after brushing your teeth. This is especially facilitated by the consumption of soft food and the presence of sucrose in it. Dental plaque (plaque) goes through several stages of formation. Initially, a structureless, cell-free film (0.1-1 microns) forms on the surface of the tooth. This film contains salivary proteins. Then, within a few hours, gram-positive cocci and actinomycetes attach to it, then streptococci, veillonella and filaments, which predominate in the 4-7-day dental plaque. Gradually the thickness of the plaque increases. The density of the layer of bacteria forming the plaque matrix is ​​60-70% of the volume. Most bacteria are acid-forming. Metabolic processes occurring in dental plaque (plaque) cause demineralization of hard tooth tissues - caries.
Plaque is resistant to mouth rinsing and is not washed off with saliva. It can only be removed with careful mechanical treatment with a toothbrush.

Quite often, patients turn to dentists with the question: a lump has appeared on the gum, does it hurt, what is it? Any neoplasm in the oral cavity is usually considered a pathology. Healthy gums have an even pale pink color, a clear and even texture, without any bumps or tumors. Under no circumstances should a growth that appears on the gum be ignored, even if it does not bother you at all. Such neoplasms, as a rule, are the consequences of various pathologies developing in oral cavity. A hard lump on the gum can eventually develop into a malignant tumor and lead to very serious consequences.

What is a bulging gum seal? If the lump on the gum does not hurt, then most likely it may be a manifestation of the following pathologies:

• fistula - looks like white bump on the gum and has an outlet;
• - on an x-ray it looks like a mushroom-shaped formation with a cap on the gum and a stalk towards the root or neck of the tooth;
• exostosis - pathological bone growths;
• - manifested by the formation of a hard lump on the gum;

Sometimes, after the removal of a molar, a hematoma appears on the gum in the form of a hard reddish lump. Each of the above pathologies should be distinguished.

What is a fistula

A fistula most often appears in advanced forms of periodontitis. This disease most often develops due to non-compliance. In this case, the gums grow abnormally (hyperplasia) and become loose. Pathogenic microorganisms that cause inflammation easily settle in such tissue. First, a small whitish bulge appears. If the accumulating pus does not find a way out, then due to the pressure inside the cavity there is a strong It's a dull pain. This acute form fistula It is treated surgically followed by lavage. Under local anesthesia, a small incision is made in the gum and rinsed antiseptics(for example, Furacilin).

If left untreated, the lump sometimes bursts on its own, releasing pus into the oral cavity. With free flow of pus pain syndrome disappears, but in this case the fistula becomes chronic and does not heal on its own. Treatment of fistulas chronic form- the process is much longer. In this case it is also deleted surgical methods or cauterized with chemical reagents. After the operation, the patient must be prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics and mouth rinse with Furacilin or a solution of iodized salt. It is necessary to treat the fistula, otherwise the development of the inflammatory process can lead to the loss of even healthy teeth.

What is epulis

Epulis is a white tumor-like formation. It may look like a lump on the gum above the tooth. If epulis has formed on the lower jaw, then it looks like a white bump on the gum under the tooth. This pathology can occur in both adults and children. In babies, the formation of epulis is often observed during teething. Women suffer from this disease three times more often than men. Epulis occurs mainly over the incisors and premolars. The main reason for the appearance of bumps of this kind is long-term trauma to the gums due to an uncomfortable filling, sharp edges of a decayed tooth, large tartar, or an incorrectly made prosthesis. Factors contributing to the occurrence of epulis are malocclusion, incorrectly positioned teeth, and various hormonal disorders.

Depending on the clinical symptoms There are fibromatous, angiomatous and giant cell epulis. Fibromatous and angiomatous epulis develop as a pathological proliferation of gum tissue in response to chronic inflammation. Giant cell epulis can develop from both gum tissue and alveolar bone.

1. Fibromatous epulis is usually the color of healthy gums, can be round or irregular in shape, and has a stalk that is attached to the teeth. This is a painless and non-bleeding formation.
2. Angiomatous epulis is different rapid growth, bright red color and bleeding, which occurs even with mild injury. The lump in this case is formed in the area of ​​the tooth neck and has a relatively soft consistency.
3. Giant cell epulis - this formation is also painless, distinguished by its purple color and elasticity. It grows slowly, is easily injured and bleeds. The surface is lumpy due to healed erosions and ulcers.

First of all, when treating epulis, the traumatic factor is eliminated. The formation itself can only be removed surgically under local anesthesia. After removal, the wound is cauterized with a laser or chemicals to prevent relapse, then treated with an antiseptic. The disease can be avoided by preventing injury to the gums.

Symptoms and treatment of exostosis

Exostoses are pathological bone outgrowths that can form on the palate, the inner surface of the lower jaw, and the alveolar processes. In many cases, these formations are practically invisible. Sometimes they can be felt by the tongue as firm, smooth bumps on the gums. Exostoses are completely painless, but tend to increase over time. In rare cases, these neoplasms become malignant. The exact causes of this pathology have not yet been clarified. Factors contributing to the development of this disease include genetic predisposition, abnormal jaw structure, injuries (fractures, bruises) of the jaw, complications after incorrect tooth extraction and other dental surgeries.

If exostosis does not cause discomfort, dentists usually do not recommend taking any action regarding these formations. However, if it is necessary to install prostheses, exostoses must be removed, since any prosthesis will injure the soft tissue in the area of ​​the pathological bone growth. In addition, it should be borne in mind that these formations can increase in size. The operation is performed under local anesthesia. Bone outgrowths are cut down using a drill or laser scalpel. The surface of the jawbone is then ground down to its normal shape.

Infectious diseases that cause bumps on the gums

Periodontitis in most cases occurs with massive tooth destruction and unfilled dental canals. When pathogenic microorganisms get to the root of the tooth, they cause inflammation of the soft tissue in this area, which leads to the formation of a granuloma or cyst, which looks like a dense lump on the gum. During an acute infectious process, severe aching pain may be felt, but over time the pain goes away or decreases significantly. If treatment is started at the onset of the disease, then cleaning the canals and removing carious tooth tissue is usually sufficient. Then the canals are carefully filled and a filling is placed on the crown.

In case of a chronic process root canals expanded and treated with an antiseptic. Then a temporary filling with medicinal material is placed and a course of antibiotics is prescribed. After about a week, the temporary filling can be replaced with a permanent one with preliminary filling of the root canals. In some cases, if the tooth is under a crown, surgeons resort to surgical treatment of periodontitis. In this case, under local anesthesia, an incision is made in the gum in the area of ​​the diseased tooth. Then the tip of the tooth root affected by the cyst is cut off with a drill and ground. To prevent the development of inflammatory processes, a course of antibiotics is prescribed, and starting from the third day after surgery, rinsing the mouth with disinfectants. For these purposes, a diluted alcohol solution of Chlorphilipt, a solution of Furacilin, or infusions of herbs with antiseptic properties (sage, chamomile, calendula) can be used.

In the case of advanced periodontitis, pus may not break out through the soft tissue of the gums, but accumulate around the jaw bone, causing inflammation of the periosteum. In this case, a massive formation in the form of a tumor, known as gumboil, forms on the gum. In dentistry this disease is called. If left untreated, this pathology may be accompanied by increased body temperature, enlarged local lymph nodes, and in some cases acute pain.

With improper care of the oral cavity and teeth, a disease such as gingivitis often develops. In addition to swelling and redness of the gums, the symptoms of this disease often include the formation of small red bumps on the gums, which are easily injured even by a toothbrush and often bleed profusely. A lump can form on the gum in the space between the teeth or above the tooth, but it does not hurt. Treatment for gingivitis involves a dentist and subsequent careful oral hygiene at home.

Treatment of periostitis takes several months. First of all, the crown (if any) and the old filling are removed, then the root canals are cleaned and expanded, creating an opening for the pus to escape. Prescribe rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions and a course of antibiotics. When the flux goes away, a temporary therapeutic filling material is placed for 2–3 months. Then the canals are washed again and a permanent filling is placed. Unfortunately, this disease very often relapses. In case of frequent relapses, the tooth on the root of which a cyst has formed must be removed.

A painless lump on the gum may occur due to the formation of subgingival tartar. In this case, the bumps may have an irregular elongated shape, a whitish color, or the color of healthy gums (depending on the location of the stone). These bumps are most often found on the inner surface of the gums under the incisors on the lower jaw or on the outer surface of the gums above the molars on the upper jaw. The cause of tartar formation is insufficient or improper brushing of teeth. The lack of treatment for this pathology over time leads to the development of such a serious disease as periodontitis, in which even healthy teeth become loose and there is a high probability of their loss. Treatment consists of removing tartar mechanically, which has recently been resorted to less and less, or using an ultrasound device. The latter method is absolutely painless, does not damage tooth enamel and disinfects the treated area of ​​the gum.

Since most problems in the oral cavity, including the formation of painless bumps on the gums, arise due to insufficient oral hygiene, it is necessary to follow the following rules from childhood:

1. Brush your teeth twice a day every day. The first time after breakfast, the second time before bed.
2. The procedure for cleaning your teeth and mouth should take at least 3–5 minutes. Teeth need to be cleaned from all sides.
3. In addition to the teeth, a toothbrush should be used to clean the gums, the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the cheeks and the tongue.
4. The brush should be clean, with properly selected bristles. Change toothbrush it is necessary once every three months, since various bacteria also accumulate on it.
5. To clean the space between the teeth, you must use floss (dental floss). It is advisable to carry out this procedure after every meal.
6. After snacks throughout the day, chew sugar-free gum. You can chew it for no more than 15 minutes.
7. Limit your consumption of sweets. It is the sweet environment that promotes the accelerated proliferation of all pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity. Therefore, frequent consumption of products from the confectionery industry inevitably causes various diseases teeth and soft tissues of the oral cavity.

Even in the absence of troubling problems, it is necessary to undergo a preventive examination with a dentist at least once every six months. Often it is not possible to independently detect a developing disease. This can only be done by a professional after a thorough examination. Timely treatment will help maintain healthy teeth and avoid various serious complications.

Tartar (calculus dentalis) is a growth with a high content of mineral elements, which is located directly on the surface of the pellicle. When examining the oral cavity, it can be found near the cervical area of ​​the tooth: a rough neoplasm of a yellowish or gray color - this is a stone.

The stone grows into the alveolar area, begins to peel off the gums and enlarges the periodontal pocket. If left untreated, the formation can lead to caries, gingivitis and periodontitis.

The first symptoms of stone formation are bleeding and itching of the gums, unpleasant odor from the mouth and roughness of the enamel.

Tartar on teeth begins its formation with the appearance of soft protein masses on the surface of the teeth. Hard growths begin to form in places where soft deposits are localized in the absence of independent cleansing from chewing food.

Soft plaque is a loose whitish accumulation above the base of the gums, containing streptococci, lactobacilli and other anaerobic microorganisms that break down collagen. According to scientists, the purpose of dental plaque is that it is a physical and bacteriological protection of the enamel surface from pathogenic microflora. But as a result of objective conditions and individual characteristics, negative transformations occur in the biochemical composition of the plaque.

In the process of their development, deposits increasingly penetrate into the gingival sulcus, become stronger, become saturated with minerals, acquire a dirty yellow tint and block the enamel’s access to oxygen. An oxygen-free space becomes a favorable microclimate for the intensive proliferation of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria, which ultimately leads to gum inflammation. Inflammatory process in gum tissue is a natural reaction of the body to toxic waste from anaerobic microorganisms.

The presence of microorganisms in soft deposits provokes the release of acid, which causes the destruction of enamel and the appearance of caries.

Due to the mineralization of soft deposits by the elements phosphorus, calcium and fluorine, the build-up hardens. The period of transformation of soft deposits into tartar lasts approximately 3 months.

Important! “Tartar often begins to appear during adolescence, this is due to a hormonal surge in which there is a significant increase in pathogenic bacteria due to an increased supply of hormonal regulators.”

Classification of rock deposits

Stones on teeth differ in location:

• Supragingival calculus is located directly above the crestal edge of the gum tissue and is easily diagnosed during examination of the oral cavity. This is a hard growth of a milky or yellowish hue; the color range can vary due to eating preferences or smoking.
• Subgingival calculus appears under the gum tissue and is localized on the root membrane. It cannot be determined by a simple examination of the teeth; only a dentist can diagnose the growth by probing the gum grooves.

The composition of dental plaque above and below the gum is approximately the same and consists of:

• hydroxyapatites,
• magnesium apatite,
• brushita,
• calcium phosphates;
• epithelium;
• pathogenic microorganisms.

The process of development of hard growths

Pathogenic microorganisms attach to the pellicle due to enzymatic amplification. Over time, colonies of bacteria connect, dense bacterial structures begin to appear, in which the microbes themselves can perform different functions. Calcination of a stone begins with the modification of an amorphous colony of bacteria by the method of its crystallization and the subsequent layering of new substances.

The mechanism of mineralization is a structured interaction of bacterial, physicochemical and biological factors. With the participation of pathogenic microorganisms, precipitation from the salivary fluid causes the formation of hydroxyapatites and other needle-like crystals. The precipitation of salts is caused by the action of decay products of anaerobic bacteria.

Scientists have established a relationship between salivation and calcification of dental plaque. Daily norm The salivary fluid secreted should average about 2 liters. If the amount of discharge is exceeded, then the most intense lime deposition begins.

Important! “The stone begins to form on the enamel structure within two hours after eating, and after a few days it occupies more than half of the crown area.”

Etiology of stone growth development

In addition to the composition and intensity of salivation, unilateral chewing of food plays a significant role in the formation of stone; this occurs in the absence of antagonist teeth or due to inflammation and sensitivity of the gums when biting, which prevents the self-cleaning of plaque.

The causes of hard plaque may be incorrect positioning of the dentition, poorly installed fillings, and they may also be a consequence of the use of orthodontic dentures.

The formation of hard tartar is greatly influenced by diet: dental growth cannot appear when eating hard and rough foods, and vice versa, their development is accelerated by soft food.

The lack of thorough oral hygiene also creates optimal conditions for rapid stone formation.

What causes a hard stone build-up:

• metabolic disorganization;
• irregular hygiene procedures;
• incorrectly selected brush for hygiene procedures;
• predominance of soft foods in the diet;
• taking medications;
• diseases of the stomach and intestines;
• pH level in saliva;
• microcirculation in gum tissues;
• excessive salivation and viscosity of salivary fluid;
• malocclusion.

Symptoms of the appearance of hard stone growths

Supragingival stone located in the medial areas directly above the gum tissue. The stone has a milky or beige tint (the color varies depending on the coloring pigments), and has a hard consistency. The growth on the crown of the tooth belongs to salivary formations: since the minerals and organic elements of saliva saturate the plaque and thereby form a hardening. The stone can be located on individual or all surfaces, create a bridge-like arch, and in the absence of antagonists, affect the occlusal (chewing) part.

The maximum location of deposits is opposite the parotid canal and in the lingual region next to the excretory section of the submandibular salivary gland.

Subgingival stone may form in gingival or periodontal grooves. The deposit is not visible during examination, so probing of the pockets is used for diagnosis. The stone located under the gum has a beige or green tint, it is firmly attached to the surface of the cervical area of ​​the root and has a hard texture.

The gum substance saturates with minerals and crystallizes the plaque, and since the sulcular fluid is identical in structure to blood serum, it is classified as a serum variety.

Important! “The appearance of stones is often accompanied by bleeding gums, bad breath, and tooth sensitivity may increase.”

Therapeutic dentistry

Professional therapy includes comprehensive resection of hard and soft growths different methods depending on the etiology of education. Stone is removed by mechanical and hardware methods from the surface of the enamel and in the gingival and periodontal grooves.

Soft dental growths are removed by rinsing with antiseptic agents using hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate.

To remove hard plaque manually, the following means are used:

• sharp excavator;
• silicone polishers;
• curettes (curettage spoons);
• handyblaster is a special dental powder for softening stone build-up.

The process of stone removal itself occurs in a certain order:

• the teeth are coated with a special solution to soften tartar;
• cleaning is carried out from the bottom row of the distal surface of the right eight;
• growths are removed in the medial direction to the premolars;
• The next step is to clean the left side of the dentition and complete the procedure with the lower premolars.
• The upper arch teeth are cleaned from the distal surface of the left eighth molar, then moved to the right side and completed with premolars.

Important! “It is advisable to remove dental plaque in a dental clinic and at least once every six months, then the formation of stone can be prevented.”

Hardware procedures for cleaning teeth

Air Flow– sandblasting machine, removes medium-hard tartar. The cleaning process occurs due to the fact that under strong pressure an abrasive mixture of sodium bicarbonate, an air stream and water is directed through the tip onto the surface of the teeth.

Ultrasonic cleaning– a device with a scaler tip produces ultrasound, with the help of which stone growths are crushed into the smallest elements. The device destroys deposits on the surface of the crown and under the gum.

Laser cleaning– is based on the use of long laser waves, which remove stone deposits layer by layer. The procedure has not only a cleansing, but also an anti-inflammatory and healing effect.

Consequences of tartar

Tartar causes maximum harm not only to the enamel, but also to the gums, jawbone and general condition body.

With prolonged exposure to tartar on the gum surface, gingivitis begins to develop. Gingivitis occurs due to disruption of normal fluid circulation in the gum tissue. Untreated gingivitis often leads to the formation of periodontitis, which entails bleeding gums, suppuration, exposure of the tooth root and subsequent tooth loss.

The enamel is also susceptible to the harmful effects of hard deposits. Due to numerous factors, including oxygen starvation, the presence of anaerobic bacteria and acid damage, caries begins to develop.

The mucous membrane in the presence of stone deposits becomes susceptible to the development of inflammation, the formation of stomatitis, erosion and follicles.

Dental plaque can also provoke the development of diseases. respiratory tract, stomach and intestines and reduce the body's resistance to pathogenic bacteria.

Timely removal of plaque is an important measure to prevent periodontitis, gingivitis, caries and many other diseases. Dental calculus can be considered as an infectious lever, which at any moment can trigger the mechanism of a chronic disease.

Preventive measures

For the transformation of dental growths into stone, the reasons can be varied, but in any case, it is necessary to first pay attention to hygienic procedures.

Daily brushing of teeth with a stiff toothbrush, hygienic paste with abrasive elements and flossing after every meal will reduce the risk of stone formation by 50%.

Important! “The plaque is not washed off with water and is not completely eliminated if the hygiene procedure is poor, so when choosing hygiene brushes it is recommended to give preference to products with hard bristles and hard rounded edges.”

A balanced diet, reducing the amount of soft, carbohydrate-rich foods and predominant healthy, solid foods for chewing thoroughly and cleaning teeth - will help prevent mineralization of plaque.

If any pathologies appear in the oral cavity: increased sensitivity of teeth, bleeding gums, appearance unpleasant odor from the mouth - you should immediately consult a dentist to identify the cause and timely treatment pathology.