4150.00 r.

Service cost: Rostov-on-Don

Taking biomaterial is paid additionally

Taking blood from a peripheral vein: 130.00 rub.

99-10-115. Amino acids and acylcarnitines in the blood (42 indicators, HPLC-MS method)

Nomenclature of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Order No. 804n): B03.016.019.003 "Complex determination of amino acid concentration (42 indicators) by high performance liquid chromatography in blood"

Biomaterial: Blood EDTA

Deadline (in the laboratory): 5 w.d. *

Description

When possible, synthesis in the body, there are nonessential and nonessential amino acids. Essential amino acids include: arginine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine. Non-essential amino acids include: alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, tyrosine. With a defect in enzymes different stages transformation can lead to accumulation of amino acids and products of their transformation, and have a negative effect on the body. There are primary (congenital) and secondary (acquired) disorders of amino acid metabolism. Congenital diseases are caused by a deficiency of enzymes and / or transport proteins that are associated with the metabolism of amino acids. Acquired amino acid disorders are associated with diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, with insufficient or inadequate nutrition, with neoplasms.

The study helps to determine the level of amino acids in the blood, their derivatives, to assess the state of amino acid metabolism. An insufficient amount in the diet of any of the amino acids or acylcarnitine can lead to disruption of redox processes in the body, which can lead to disorders of the central nervous system. Muscle weakness and other pathological conditions are also possible. Analyzes for acylcarnitines allows you to determine the violation of the metabolism of organic and fatty acids.

IN this study includes 42 indicators:

• 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (C4OH)
• 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (C5OH)
• 3-hydroxymyristoylcarnitine (C14OH)
• 3-hydroxyoctadecanoylcarnitine (3-hydroxystearoyl, C18OH)
• 3-hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitine (3-hydroxyoleyl, C18:1OH)
• 3-hydroxypalmitoylcarnitine (C16OH)
• 3-hydroxypalmitoleylcarnitine (C16:1OH)
• L-carnitine free
• Alanine (Ala)
• Arginine (Arg)
• Acetylcarnitine (C2)
• Butyrylcarnitine (C4)
• Valine (Val)
• Hexadecenoylcarnitine (C16:1)
• Hexanoylcarnitine (C6)
• Glycine (Gly)
• Decanoylcarnitine (C10)
• Decenoylcarnitine (C10:1)
• Dodecanoylcarnitine (Lauroyl,C12)
• Isovalerylcarnitine (C5)
• Leucine + Isoleucine (Xle)
• Methionine (Met)
• Myristoylcarnitine (Tetradecanoyl, C14)
• Myristoleylcarnitine (Tetradecenoyl, C14:1)
• Octadecanoylcarnitine (Stearoyl, C18)
• Octadecenoylcarnitine (Oleyl, C18:1)
• Octanoylcarnitine (C8)
• Octenoylcarnitine (C8:1)
• Ornithine (Orn)
• Hexadecanoylcarnitine (C16)
• Propionylcarnitine (C3)
• Tetradecadienoylcarnitine (C14:2)
• Tiglilcarnitine (C5:1)
• Tyrosine (Tyr)
• Phenylalanine (Phe)
• Citrulline (Cit)
• 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine (C6OH)
• Decadienoylcarnitine (C10:2)
• Dodecenoylcarnitine (C12:1)
• Proline (Pro)
• Adipylcarnitine (C6DC)
• Linoleylcarnitine (C18:2)

When possible, synthesis in the body, there are nonessential and nonessential amino acids. Essential amino acids include: arginine, valine, isoleucine,

Indications for appointment

• confirmation of diseases that are caused by a violation of the metabolism of amino acids and acylcarnitines in the body;
• diagnostics of all organs and systems of the body.

Study preparation

Interpretation of results/Information for specialists

Interpretation of the results is carried out taking into account age, nutritional characteristics, clinical condition and other laboratory data indicators.
Reference boost: eclampsia; fructose intolerance; diabetic ketoacidosis; kidney failure; Reye's syndrome.
Lowering the reference values: hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex; fever; Hartnup's disease; chorea of ​​Huntington; inadequate nutrition, starvation (kwashiorkor); malabsorption syndrome in severe diseases gastrointestinal tract; hypovitaminosis; nephrotic syndrome; pappatachi fever (mosquito, phlebotomy); rheumatoid arthritis.

Most often ordered with this service

* The site indicates the maximum possible time for the study. It reflects the time of the study in the laboratory and does not include the time for the delivery of the biomaterial to the laboratory.
The information provided is for reference only and is not a public offer. For up-to-date information, please contact medical Center Contractor or call center.

Amino acids- organic compounds that are the main component of proteins (proteins). Violation of amino acid metabolism is the cause of many diseases (liver and kidney). Amino acid analysis (urine and blood) is the main means of assessing the degree of digestion of dietary protein, as well as the metabolic imbalance that underlies many chronic disorders.

Biomaterial for complex analysis for amino acids in the Gemotest Laboratory, blood or urine can serve.

The following essential amino acids are being investigated: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, hydroxyproline, serine, asparagine, α-aminoadipic acid, glutamine, β-alanine, taurine, histidine, threonine, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, γ-aminobutyric acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, α-aminobutyric acid, proline, cystathionine, lysine, cystine, cysteic acid.

Alanine - an important source of energy for the brain and central nervous system; strengthens the immune system by producing antibodies; is actively involved in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids. May be a raw material for the synthesis of glucose in the body, making it an important source of energy and blood sugar regulator.

Decrease in concentration: chronic diseases kidneys, ketotic hypoglycemia.

Increased concentration: hyperalaninemia, citrullinemia (moderate increase), Cushing's disease, gout, hyperorotininemia, histidiaemia, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance.

Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid. Participates in the cycle of transamination and excretion of the final nitrogen from the body, that is, the product of the breakdown of spent proteins. From the power of the cycle (ornithine - citrulline - arginine) depends on the body's ability to create urea and cleanse itself of protein slags.

Decreased concentration: 3 days after surgery on abdominal cavity, chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis.

Increased concentration: hyperargininemia, in some cases type II hyperinsulinemia.

Aspartic acid is part of proteins, plays an important role in the reactions of the urea cycle and transamination, participates in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines.

Decreased concentration: 1 day after surgery.

Increased concentration: urine - dicarboxylic aminoaciduria.

citrulline increases energy supply, stimulates the immune system, turns into L-arginine in metabolic processes. Neutralizes ammonia, which damages liver cells.

Increased citrulline concentration: citrullinemia, liver disease, ammonium intoxication, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance.

Urine - citrullinemia, Hartnup's disease, argininosuccinate aciduria.

Glutamic acid is a neurotransmitter that transmits impulses in the central nervous system. It plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and promotes the penetration of calcium through the blood-brain barrier. Decreased concentration: histidinemia, chronic renal failure.

Increased concentration: pancreatic cancer, gout, glutamine, aciduria, rheumatoid arthritis. Urine - dicarboxylic aminoaciduria.

Glycine is a regulator of metabolism, normalizes the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, has an anti-stress effect, increases mental performance.

Decreased concentration: gout, diabetes mellitus.

Increased concentration: septicemia, hypoglycemia, type 1 hyperammonemia, severe burns, starvation, propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia, chronic renal failure. Urine - hypoglycemia, cystinuria, Hartnup's disease, pregnancy, hyperprolinemia, glycinuria, rheumatoid arthritis.

Methionine an essential amino acid that helps the processing of fats, preventing their deposition in the liver and arterial walls. The synthesis of taurine and cysteine ​​depends on the amount of methionine in the body. Promotes digestion, provides detoxification processes, reduces muscle weakness, protects against radiation exposure, is useful for osteoporosis and chemical allergies.

Decreased concentration: homocystinuria, violation of protein nutrition.

Increased concentration: carcinoid syndrome, homocystinuria, hypermethioninemia, tyrosinemia, severe liver disease.

Ornithine helps release growth hormone, which promotes fat burning in the body. Required for immune system, participates in detoxification processes and restoration of hepatic cells.

Decreased concentration: carcinoid syndrome, chronic renal failure.

Increased concentration: spiral atrophy of the choroid and retina, severe burns, hemolysis.

Phenylalanine - an essential amino acid, in the body it can turn into tyrosine, which, in turn, is used in the synthesis of two main neurotransmitters: dopamine and norepinephrine. Affects mood, reduces pain, improves memory and learning ability, suppresses appetite.

Increased concentration: transient neonatal tyrosinemia, hyperphenylalaninemia, sepsis, hepatic encephalopathy, viral hepatitis, phenylketonuria.

Tyrosine is a precursor of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Participates in the regulation of mood; lack of tyrosine leads to a deficiency of norepinephrine, which leads to depression. Suppresses appetite, reduces fat deposits, promotes the production of melatonin and improves adrenal function, thyroid gland and the pituitary gland, is also involved in the metabolism of phenylalanine. Thyroid hormones are formed by the addition of iodine atoms to tyrosine.

Decreased concentration: polycystic kidney disease, hypothermia, phenylketonuria, chronic renal failure, carcinoid syndrome, myxedema, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis.

Increased concentration: hypertyrosinemia, hyperthyroidism, sepsis.

Valine an essential amino acid that has a stimulating effect. Necessary for muscle metabolism, repair of damaged tissues and to maintain normal nitrogen metabolism in the body, can be used by muscles as an energy source.

Decreased concentration: hyperinsulinism, hepatic encephalopathy.

Increased concentration: ketoaciduria, hypervalinemia, insufficient protein nutrition, carcinoid syndrome, acute starvation.

Leucine and Isoleucine - protect muscle tissue and are sources of energy, and also contribute to the restoration of bones, skin, muscles. Able to lower blood sugar levels and stimulate the release of growth hormone.

Decreased concentration: acute starvation, hyperinsulinism, hepatic encephalopathy.

Increased concentration: ketoaciduria, obesity, starvation, viral hepatitis.

Hydroxyproline found in the tissues of almost the entire body, is part of collagen, which accounts for most of the protein in the body of mammals. The synthesis of hydroxyproline is impaired in vitamin C deficiency.

Increased concentration: hydroxyprolinemia, uremia, cirrhosis of the liver.

Serene belongs to the group of non-essential amino acids, participates in the formation of active centers of a number of enzymes, ensuring their function. Important in the biosynthesis of other essential amino acids: glycine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan. Serine is the initial product of the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, sphingolipids, ethanolamine, and other important metabolic products.

Decreased concentration: deficiency of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, gout.

Increased serine concentration: protein intolerance. Urine - burns, Hartnup's disease.

Asparagine necessary to maintain balance in the processes occurring in the central nervous

system; prevents both excessive excitation and excessive inhibition, participates in the synthesis of amino acids in the liver.

Increased concentration: burns, Hartnup's disease, cystinosis.

Alpha-aminoadipic acid - a metabolite of the main biochemical pathways of lysine.

Increased concentration: hyperlysinemia, alpha-aminoadipic aciduria, alpha-ketoadipic aciduria, Reye's syndrome.

Glutamine performs a number of vital functions in the body: participates in the synthesis of amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, cAMP and c-GMP, folic acid, enzymes that carry out redox reactions (NAD), serotonin, n-aminobenzoic acid; neutralizes ammonia; converted to aminobutyric acid (GABA); can increase permeability muscle cells for potassium ions.

Reduced Glutamine Concentration: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Increased concentration: Blood - Hyperammonemia caused by the following causes: hepatic coma, Reye's syndrome, meningitis, cerebral hemorrhage, urea cycle defects, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, carbamoyl phosphate synthase deficiency, citrullinemia, arginine succinic aciduria, hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, homocitrullinemia (HHH syndrome), in some cases hyperlysemia type 1, lysinuric protein intolerance. Urine - Hartnup disease, generalized aminoaciduria, rheumatoid arthritis.

β-alanine - is the only beta-amino acid, formed from dihydrouracil and carnosine.

Increased concentration: hyper-β-alaninemia.

Taurine - contribute to the emulsification of fats in the intestine, has anticonvulsant activity, has a cardiotropic effect, improves energy processes, stimulates reparative processes in dystrophic diseases and processes accompanied by impaired metabolism of eye tissues, helps to normalize the function of cell membranes and improve metabolic processes.

Decreased taurine concentration: Blood - Manic-depressive syndrome, depressive neuroses

Increased taurine concentration: Urine - Sepsis, hyper-β-alaninemia, folic acid deficiency (B9), first trimester of pregnancy, burns.

Histidine is part of the active centers of many enzymes, is a precursor in the biosynthesis of histamine. Promotes tissue growth and repair. It is found in large quantities in hemoglobin; used in the treatment rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, ulcers and anemia. A lack of histidine can cause hearing loss.

Decreased histidine concentration: Rheumatoid arthritis

Increased histidine concentration: Histidinemia, pregnancy, Hartnup's disease, generalized

naya aminoaciduria.

Threonine is an essential amino acid that contributes to the maintenance of normal protein metabolism in the body, is important for the synthesis of collagen and elastin, helps the liver, participates in the metabolism of fats, stimulates the immune system.

Decreased threonine concentration: Chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis.

Increased threonine concentration: Hartnup's disease, pregnancy, burns, hepatolenticular degeneration.

1-methylhistidine the main derivative of anserine. The enzyme carnosinase converts anserine to β-alanine and 1-methylhistidine. High levels of 1-methylhistidine tend to inhibit the carnosinase enzyme and increase anserine concentrations. A decrease in carnosinase activity also occurs in patients with Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and in post-stroke patients. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to 1-methylhistidinuria due to increased oxidative effects in skeletal muscle.

Increased concentration: chronic renal failure, meat diet.

3-methyhistidine is an indicator of the level of protein breakdown in the muscles.

Reduced concentration: fasting, diet.

Increased concentration: chronic renal failure, burns, multiple injuries.

Gamma aminobutyric acid - is contained in the central nervous system and takes part in neurotransmitter and metabolic processes in the brain. GABA receptor ligands are considered as potential agents for the treatment of various disorders of the psyche and the central nervous system, which include Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, sleep disorders (insomnia, narcolepsy), and epilepsy. Under the influence of GABA, the energy processes of the brain are also activated, the respiratory activity of tissues increases, the utilization of glucose by the brain improves, and blood circulation improves.

Beta (β) - aminoisobutyric acid - non-protein amino acid is a product of the catabolism of thymine and valine. Increased concentration: various types of neoplasms, diseases accompanied by increased destruction of nucleic acids in tissues, Down syndrome, protein malnutrition, hyper-beta-alaninemia, beta-aminoisobutyric aciduria, lead poisoning.

Alpha (α) -aminobutyric acid is the main intermediate in the biosynthesis of ophthalmic acid. Increased concentration: nonspecific aminoaciduria, starvation.

Proline - one of the twenty proteinogenic amino acids, is part of all proteins of all organisms.

Decreased concentration: Huntington's chorea, burns

Increased concentration: Blood - type 1 hyperprolinemia (proline oxidase deficiency), type 2 hyperprolinemia (pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase deficiency), protein malnutrition in newborns. Urine - hyperproleemia types 1 and 2, Joseph's syndrome (severe prolinuria), carcinoid syndrome, iminoglycinuria, Wilson-Konovalov's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration).

cystathionine is a sulfur-containing amino acid involved in the biosynthesis of cysteine ​​ismethionine and serine.

Lysine - is an essential amino acid that is part of almost any protein, is necessary for growth, tissue repair, production of antibodies, hormones, enzymes, albumins, has antiviral action, maintains energy levels, participates in the formation of collagen and tissue repair, improves the absorption of calcium from the blood and its transport to bone tissue.

Decreased concentration: carcinoid syndrome, lysinuric protein intolerance.

Increased concentrations: Blood - hyperlysinemia, glutaric acidemia type 2. Urine - cystinuria, hyperlysinemia, first trimester of pregnancy, burns.

Cystine in the body is an important part of proteins such as immunoglobulins, insulin and somatostatin, strengthens connective tissue. Decreased cystine concentration: protein starvation, burns. Increased cystine concentration: Blood - sepsis, chronic renal failure. Urine - Cystinosis, cystinuria, cystinlisinuria, first trimester of pregnancy.

cysteic acid - sulfur-containing amino acid. An intermediate product of the exchange of cysteine ​​and cystine. It takes part in transamination reactions, is one of the precursors of taurine.

In the human body, only half of the necessary amino acids are synthesized, and the remaining amino acids - essential (arginine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) - must be supplied with food. Exclusion from the diet of any essential amino acid from the diet leads to the development of a negative nitrogen balance, which is clinically manifested by a violation of the functions of the nervous system, muscle weakness and other signs of metabolic and energy pathology.

Indications for the purpose of the analysis:

• Diagnosis of diseases associated with impaired amino acid metabolism.
• Assessment of the state of the human body.

Must comply general rules preparation. Blood for research must be taken on an empty stomach. At least 8 hours should elapse between the last meal and blood sampling.

Urine for research to collect the average morning portion.

The basis of protein protein is amino acids - organic compounds in the human body. To identify problems with the functioning of the liver and kidneys, it is necessary to conduct a blood test for amino acids, since disturbed amino acid metabolism leads to diseases of these organs. The degree of assimilation and metabolic imbalance is determined by analyzing 20 amino acids.

Signs of violation

The following combination of symptoms in children and adults are signs of an amino acid metabolism disorder:

• mental retardation;
• blurred vision;
• skin lesions of various types;
• specific smell and color of urine.
• periodically.

Some amino acids are synthesized in the body and some come from food intake.

Types

Alanine. With the help of the amino acid alanine, the central nervous system and the brain get energy. Alanine is involved in the metabolism of organic acids and sugars, and also produces, which helps to strengthen the immune system. In addition, glucose can be produced from this type of amino acids, that is, regulation takes place with the participation of alanine.

Arginine. This is a non-essential amino acid, with the help of which the final nitrogen is excreted from the human body.

Aspartic acid. Contains protein. With an increase in its concentration in the urine, dicarboxylic aminoaciduria occurs.

Glutamic acid. Glutamine amino acid performs many functions in the body, including participation in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, stimulating oxidative processes, increasing the body's resistance to hypoxia (), normalizing metabolism. It helps to remove toxins and ammonia from the body.

Glycine. The processes of excitation and inhibition take place in the CNS. Glycine is responsible for the normal functioning of these processes. It improves mental performance and also helps a person cope with stress.

Threonine. Threonine stimulates the immune system, improves energy supply. Its functions include the neutralization of ammonia.

Methionine. Detoxification of xenobiotics proceeds with the help of methionine. Hormones, vitamins, proteins and are activated by methionine.

Tyrosine. The synthesis of tyrosine can take place in the body. It is an essential amino acid. An increased content of tyrosine in the blood indicates a possible sepsis.

Valin. Synthesis of body tissue growth is impossible without valine. It promotes stimulation of coordination, improves mental activity and activity. Damaged tissues are restored thanks to valine, and muscle metabolism also proceeds with its participation.

Phenylalanine. The amino acid phenylalanine also contributes to the ability to learn. Phenylalanine can reduce pain and suppress appetite. It also has an effect on mood.

Leucine and Isoleucine. Leucine and isoleucine are amino acids, acting together, serve as sources of energy. Another function is to protect muscle tissue. Isolycein affects mental stability and physical endurance. Without it, development is impossible. It also regulates blood sugar levels and plays an important role in mental and physical activity. Leucine is responsible for the restoration of the skin, muscles, bones, as it produces growth hormone.

Diagnostics

• Cushing's disease - high levels of alanine;
• Gout - high levels of alanine elevated level glutamic acid, reduced glycine content;
• – reduced content of glycine;
• Protein intolerance - increased content of alanine;
• Keotic hypoglycemia - lack of alanine;
• Chronic renal failure - lack of alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, high glycine content;
• Hyperinsulinemia type 2 - high level arginine;
• Rheumatoid arthritis - lack of arginine, tyrosine, increased levels of glutamic acid;
• Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria - an increased concentration of aspartic acid in the urine;
• Pancreatic cancer - elevated levels of glutamic acid;
• Type 1 hyperammonemia - high glycine content;
• – high content of glycine;
• Severe burns - high glycine content;
• Starvation - increased content of glycine, valine.
• Impaired protein tolerance - elevated threonine levels;
• Liver disease - elevated levels of threonine, methionine;
• Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency - elevated threonine levels;
• Ammonium toxicity - elevated threonine levels;
• Homocystinuria - elevated threonine levels;
• Carcinoid syndrome - elevated threonine levels;
• Homocystinuria - reduced level threonine;
• Violation of protein nutrition - a reduced level of threonine, an increased level of valine;
• - increased levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine;
• Myxedema - low levels of tyrosine;
• Hypothyroidism - low levels of tyrosine;
• Polycystic kidney disease - low levels of tyrosine;
• Hypothermia - low levels of tyrosine;
• Phenylketonuria - low levels of tyrosine, high levels of phenylalanine;
• Carcinoid syndrome - low tyrosine, high valine;
• Hepatic encephalopathy - lack of valine (also indicates a violation of coordination, increased skin sensitivity to irritants), an increased content of phenylalanine;
• Transient tyrosinemia of newborns - increased content of phenylalanine;
• Viral hepatitis - high levels of phenylalanine;
• Hyperphenylalaninemia is an increased content of phenylalanine.

Abnormal amino acid blood tests are cause for concern.

According to doctors, the following groups of people need to do a blood test for amino acids (32 indicators):

• babies;
• vegetarians and dieters;
• athletes and people experiencing increased physical activity.

The procedure for passing the analysis

A blood test for amino acids can be taken in many clinics. Before taking the amino acid analysis, you should not eat for 4 hours. carried out from the heel. Possible hematoma formation. The turnaround time for the analysis is approximately 16 days.

A blood test for amino acids for children is of great importance, as it helps to identify health problems in a timely manner and begin treatment.

A blood test for amino acids and acylcarnitines is performed to identify hereditary diseases. The sooner a pathology is detected, the more likely it is to prevent serious diseases.

Amino acids is a fundamental part of proteins or proteins. When their indicators are normal, then all processes in the body proceed normally. The analysis is carried out according to 32 indicators by taking blood; urine can also serve as a biomaterial for this analysis. Blood is donated on an empty stomach.

Reasons for the appointment of an analysis for amino acids.

• Control of the normal functioning of all body systems.
• For a more accurate diagnosis of diseases associated with impaired amino acid metabolism.

The norms of the content of amino acids in the blood in µmol / l for adults.

Alanine -177-583.
Arginine - 15-140.
Aspartic acid - 1-240.
Citrulline - 16-51.
Glutamic acid - 92-497.
Glycine - 122-422.
Methionine - 6-34.
Ornithine - 27-183.
Phenylalanine -20-87.
Tyrosine - 24-96.
Valin 92-313.
Leucine 74-196.
Isoleucine 35-104.
Hydroxyproline-0-96.
Serine-60-172.
Asparagine31-90.
Alpha-aminoadipic acid-< 1,5.
Glutamine -372-876.
beta-alanine<5.
Taurine-29-136.
Histidine-57-114.
Threonine-73-216.
1-methylhistidine-0-12.
3-methylhistidine-0-9.8.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid<1,5.
Beta-aminoisobutyric acid-0-3.2.
Alpha aminobutyric acid-<40.
Proline -99-363.
Cystathionin-<0,3.
Lysine-120-318.
Cystine-0.8-30.
Cysteine ​​acid-0.

What do amino acids do.

Amino acids answer for many processes occurring inside the human body - they are involved in the work of the liver, kidneys, stimulate the digestive system. Metabolism is also not complete without them.

Amino acids activate mental activity, improve memory, activate metabolism. The endocrine system also cannot function normally without amino acids. Going beyond the boundaries of certain norms indicates serious diseases, most often the liver and kidneys. The human body can synthesize half of the above amino acids on its own, the rest must come from outside with food. The human need for each amino acid is small and amounts to 0.5-2 grams per day. The exclusion of any amino acid from the diet entails a violation of the delicate balance of metabolic processes in our body.

Arginine (Arg), Valine (Val), Leucine (Leu), Methionine (Met), Phenylalanine (Phe), Alanine (Ala), Aspartic Acid (Asp), Glycine (Gly), Glutamic Acid (Glu), Proline (Pro ), Tyrosine (Tyr), Ornithine (Orn), Citrulline (Cit).

Amino acids in the blood are special structural chemical units that form proteins. Many of these are produced in the liver, but some cannot be synthesized, so they must be replenished with food. In addition to the fact that they are involved in the formation of proteins that make up the tissues and organs of the human body, some of them:

If the human body lacks one of the amino acids, then serious problems begin that lead to depression, obesity, kidney failure, digestive problems, etc., up to slow growth and development. Athletes who maintain a positive nitrogen balance with the help of anabolic drugs and sports nutrition are at a special risk group. Due to the exclusion from the diet of many necessary products, vegetarians, vegans and those who lose weight with the help of specific diets also get there.

An analysis of amino acids in blood and urine is recognized as an indispensable way to assess and determine their sufficient content, the degree of digestion of dietary protein, as well as the metabolic imbalance underlying chronic diseases of the liver, kidneys, respiratory organs, and the cardiovascular system.

Functions of Basic Amino Acids

Amino acids include 12 indicators: arginine, alanine, aspartic and glutamic acids, citrulline, methionine, glycine, ornithine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, the ratio is leucine / isoleucine.

• 
  Alanine is involved in the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism and is an integral part of panthenolic acid (vitamin B5) and coenzyme A, which produces the necessary energy for muscle activity. It slows down the growth of neoplasms, including malignant ones, by stimulating the immune system. Increases the size and improves the activity of the thymus gland, which produces T-lymphocytes (protect the body from tumor cells and signal the start of antibody synthesis), and also improves detoxification processes in the liver (neutralization of ammonia).
• Arginine is an essential component in the metabolism of muscle tissue. It helps in maintaining optimal nitrogen balance, as it is involved in the neutralization and transport of excess nitrogen in the body.
• With the help of asparagine-amide of aspartic acid, bonds are formed in toxic ammonia. It is found in free form in the composition of proteins and plays a special role in the metabolism of nitrogenous substances, the formation of urea and pyrimidine bases. It has an immunomodulatory biological effect, stabilizes the balance of inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system, increases endurance, etc.
• Glutamic acid is a neurotransmitter that transmits impulses to the CNS. It improves the penetration of calcium through the blood-brain barrier and can be used by brain cells as an energy source, since it is important in the process of carbohydrate metabolism. It also takes away nitrogen atoms during the formation of glutamine, thereby neutralizing ammonia.
• Citrulline is not found in proteins. It is produced in the liver during the conversion of ammonia to urea and the biosynthesis of arginine as a by-product. At pathologically high concentrations, it has a toxic effect. A child with a congenital deficiency of one of the enzymes designed to chemically break down proteins in the urine develops poorly. He may have a pronounced mental retardation, because due to disturbances in the blood, an accumulation of the amino acid citrulline and ammonia occurs.
• 
  Glycine reduces the degeneration of muscle tissue, since it is the source of the substance contained in the muscles and used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA - creatine. Acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and prevents epileptic seizures. It serves for the synthesis of bile and nucleic acids, as well as non-essential amino acids.
• Methionine takes part in the processing and elimination of fatty deposits in the walls of the arteries and in the liver. The synthesis of cysteine ​​and taurine depends on the amount of methionine in the body. It improves digestion, protects against radiation exposure, provides detoxification processes, reduces muscle weakness, and is useful for chemical allergies and osteoporosis.
• Ornithine helps release growth hormone, which promotes fat burning. This effect is enhanced by the use of ornithine in combination with carnitine and arginine. It is also necessary for the functioning of the immune system, participates in the restoration of liver cells and detoxification processes.
• Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine, which is used in the synthesis of two major neurotransmitters: norepinephrine and dopamine. Therefore, it has an effect on mood, improves memory, reduces pain and increases learning ability, and suppresses excessive appetite. It is used in the treatment of arthritis, menstrual pain, depression, obesity, migraine, Parkinson's disease.
• Tyrosine is a precursor of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, and is very important in the metabolism of phenylalanine. It is involved in mood regulation; its deficiency leads to a lack of norepinephrine, which is expressed in a depressive state. Tyrosine helps to reduce body fat, reduces appetite and improves the production of melatonin (it fights aging and is responsible for healthy sleep), the functions of the endocrine system, adrenal glands and pituitary gland. Thyroid hormones are formed by the combination of iodine atoms with tyrosine.
• Valine has a stimulating effect and serves to restore tissue integrity, muscle metabolism and maintain normal nitrogen metabolism in the body. Belongs to the group of branched-chain amino acids and is used by muscles as an energy source. It is also often used for severe amino acid deficiencies resulting from addiction to certain drugs. Too much of it can lead to symptoms such as goosebumps (paresthesia) and even hallucinations.
• Isoleucine is one of the three branched chain amino acids that is used for the synthesis of hemoglobin. It helps in the regulation and stabilization of blood sugar and also supports energy processes. The metabolism of isoleucine occurs in muscle tissue. It is needed for many mental illnesses, the lack of this amino acid leads to the appearance of symptoms similar to hypoglycemia.
• Leucine also belongs to the group of branched amino acids. Together, they help protect muscle tissue and provide energy, as well as promote recovery, of bones, muscles, and skin. That is why they are recommended to be taken in the postoperative period or after various injuries. Leucine slightly lowers sugar levels and stimulates the release of growth hormone. Its excess can increase the amount of ammonia in the body.

Causes and consequences of violations of the concentration of amino acids in the blood

Doctors' studies have shown that the lack of amino acids leads to the insufficiency of all synthetic processes in the human body. Fast-renewing systems (humoral and sexual, bone marrow, etc.) suffer in particular.

Hereditary disorders characterized by changes in the concentration of amino acids in the blood and acylcarnitines represent the most numerous heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases (tyrosinemia, PKU, histidinemia, hyperglycinemia, etc.). The importance of accurate laboratory diagnosis of these diseases is determined by the fact that often their forms have a similar clinical picture, which complicates the process of identifying the disease. Excess accumulation and increase in the level of many amino acids has a toxic effect.

• The optimal time for the blood sampling procedure is from 8:00 to 11:00.
• The day before the study, adhere to the established daily diet. Excessive consumption of products of the same type is not recommended: only meat, only vegetables, etc.
• 24 hours before blood sampling, exclude:
• - physical and emotional overload; air travel; temperature effects (visiting baths and saunas, hypothermia, etc.); violation of the "sleep-wakefulness" mode;
• - alcohol consumption;
• - intake of dietary supplements;
• - instrumental medical examinations (ultrasound, X-ray, etc.) or procedures (physiotherapy, massage, etc.).
• At least 12 hours (but not more than 14 hours) before taking blood, refuse to eat and drink, with the exception of drinking water. The last meal before taking blood is light.
• Do not smoke for 1 hour before blood sampling.
• Before taking blood, you must stay at rest for at least 20 minutes.
• In preparation for taking blood against the background of drug therapy, the intake or withdrawal of drugs should be agreed with the attending physician.