Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations with fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What medications are the safest?
The drug is an antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of action (eye and ear drops). Used in ophthalmology in the treatment of superficial infectious diseases (conjunctivitis, blepharitis) and otorhinolaryngology for external and otitis media.
Note! "Before you start reading the article, find out how Albina Gurieva was able to overcome vision problems using ...
Description
The manufacturer provides for the release of drops in bottles with a spray nozzle of 5 ml. The solution is a transparent, colorless, sometimes green, liquid. After opening the package, the drug is good for no more than 10 days. The hermetically sealed product is stored for two years in a dark place inaccessible to children.
Properties
Norfloxacin drops are antibacterial agent. Possess high activity against most bacteria. They are also used to avoid complications such as infection after surgery on the organs of vision and hearing. Antimicrobial drugs are not used to treat viral and fungal diseases.
Instructions for use
Drops are used differently depending on the disease.
Use in ophthalmology
The solution is suitable for external use only.
- Wash the hands;
- if there are crusts or purulent discharge, rinse the eyes;
- instill 1-2 drops up to 6 times a day (the dosage and duration of treatment is selected strictly individually and depends on the characteristics of the disease);
- Avoid driving for about 30 minutes.
After eliminating the symptoms of the disease, the medicine continues to be used for two days. During the treatment period, you need to avoid contact lenses.
Application in otorhinolaryngology
- Warm the solution to body temperature.
- Wash the hands;
- remove purulent discharge from the ear canals;
- tilt your head or lie on your side;
- drip 5 drops 3 times a day;
- cover the ear with cotton;
- wait a couple of minutes.
Contraindications
- individual intolerance active substance;
- pregnancy;
- children under 15 years of age;
- lactation period.
Side effects
- stomach ache;
- stool disorder;
- skin rashes and itching;
- swelling;
- drowsiness;
- depression;
- irritability;
- tachycardia;
- arrhythmia;
- joint pain;
- tendon rupture;
- protein in urine;
- increased levels of creatinine and urea in the blood;
- excessive urination.
Skin rash is a possible side effect
Local reactions:
- swelling of the conjunctiva;
- burning;
- photophobia.
Price and replacement
The cost of drops varies from 70 to 150 rubles.
Before purchasing the necessary medicine, it is important to understand that there are several types of analogues.
- structural (contain the same components), these include: Nolicin, Norbactin, Normax, Norilet;
- similar in active ingredient: Ciprofloxacin.
If norfloxacin is not suitable for the patient for a number of reasons, it can be replaced with ciprofloxacin. This medicine belongs to the same pharmacological group, as norfloxacin, but with a modified composition.
1 ml of solution contains 3 mg of active ingredient norfloxacin . Additional components: disodium edetate, sodium chloride, , buffer solution, purified water.
1 tablet contains 200 or 400 mg of active substance. Additional components: lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, water, povidone, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate.
Release form
Available in tablet form, in the form of drops for the eyes and ears.
pharmachologic effect
Instructions for use of Norfloxacin (Method and dosage)
Norfloxacin tablets, instructions for use
Orally: for cystitis without complications - 400 mg twice a day for 7 - 10 days; at infectious diseases urinary tract – within 3-7 days; for chronic recurrent urinary tract infections - up to 12 weeks.
For acute bacterial gastroenteritis – 5 days; for cervicitis, proctitis, acute gonococcal urethritis - 800 mg once; for typhoid fever - 400 mg of the drug three times a day for 14 days.
As a prophylactic agent: against sepsis – 400 mg twice a day; against bacterial gastroenteritis – 400 mg once a day; against travelers' diarrhea - 400 mg of the drug the day before departure and throughout the trip (no more than 21 days); against relapses of infectious diseases of the urinary system - 200 mg of Norfloxacin per day.
In patients with impaired renal function with CC greater than 20 ml per minute, no dosage adjustment is required.
Patients on hemodialysis, as well as with CC less than 20 ml per minute (or serum level above 5 mg per 100 ml), are prescribed half the therapeutic dose twice a day or a full dose once a day.
Norfloxacin drops, instructions for use
Locally: 1 or 2 drops into the affected ear or eye 4 times a day. Depending on the level of infection, the first dose may be increased to 2 drops every two hours.
Overdose
When taking 3 g within 45 minutes, nausea, vomiting, “cold” sweat, dizziness, puffy face in the absence of distortions in the main hemodynamic parameters, and drowsiness develop.
There is no specific antidote.
Treatment: emergency gastric lavage, use of adequate hydration therapy with forced. Required medical examination and inpatient observation for several days.
Interaction
Norfloxacin reduces clearance by 25% theophylline . Increases the level of concentration of indirect anticoagulants in blood serum. Reduces effect nitrofurans .
The simultaneous use of antacids with magnesium and, as well as drugs with a negative effect on the absorption of Norfloxacin - there should be an interval of at least 4 hours between taking these drugs.
Simultaneous use of Norfloxacin with drugs that lower the epileptic threshold can provoke the development of epileptic seizures.
The simultaneous use of Norfloxacin and drugs that can potentially reduce arterial pressure, can lead to a sharp decrease. Therefore, in such cases, as well as with the simultaneous use of barbiturate-containing and other drugs for general purposes, it is necessary to monitor the pulse, level blood pressure, the work of the heart.
Terms of sale
Requires a prescription.
Storage conditions
Keep out of the reach of children at a temperature of no more than 25 degrees Celsius.
Store the opened solution for no more than 10 days.
Best before date
No more than two years.
special instructions
During treatment with Norfloxacin, direct exposure to sunlight should be avoided and it is recommended to take plenty of fluids. Particular care should be taken when driving, operating complex mechanisms, performing work that requires high concentration and rapid psychomotor reactions (especially in the case of simultaneous intake of ethanol).
During therapy there may be an increase prothrombin index ; at surgical intervention It is necessary to constantly monitor the level of blood clotting.
Norfloxacin analogs
Level 4 ATX code matches:Norfloxacin eye and ear drops(Guttae Norfloxacinum)
international and chemical name: norfloxacin; (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid);
basic physical and chemical properties: transparent, colorless or slightly greenish liquid;
Compound. 1 ml of solution includes norfloxacin 3 mg (0.003 g);
excipients: sodium chloride, decamethoxin, disodium edetate, buffer solution, purified water.
Release form of the medicinal product. Eye and ear drops.
Pharmacotherapeutic group. Means used in ophthalmology and otology. Antimicrobial agents. Norfloxacin. ATC code S03A A09**.
Pharmacological properties.
Pharmacodynamics. Norfloxacin is an antimicrobial drug from the fluoroquinolone group; inhibits the activity of bacterial cell DNA gyrases and bacterial DNA replication. Norfloxacin has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action affecting the majority of gram-negative microorganisms. The MIC for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp. is 2 mg/L or less. Less sensitive are Acinetobacter spp., Providencia spp., Serratia spp. MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa – less than 1 - 2 mg/l, for Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis – less than 2 mg/l, for pathogenic strains of Salmonella and Schigella – less than 1 mg/ml, for Campylobacter – less than 4 mg/ml , for staphylococci 1 - 4 mg/ml, for streptococci - 2 - 16 mg/l. Anaerobic bacteria are insensitive to the action of the drug; Enterococcus and Acinetobacter are insensitive.
Pharmacokinetics. There is no information about the distribution of norfloxacin when used in ophthalmology and otology, but it is known that norfloxacin is distributed in most body fluids and tissues, including the eyes and ear. From 10% to 15% of the drug is bound to proteins. It begins to act 1 hour after instillation into the eye. The maximum serum concentration for a daily ophthalmic dose of 2.5 mg is 10.2 ng/ml.
Norfloxacin breaks down into 6 active metabolites, the antibacterial activity of which is lower than that of the parent substance. Norfloxacin is metabolized in the liver and kidneys. Approximately 30% of the active substance is excreted unchanged in the urine. The half-life of the drug is 3 - 4 hours.
Indications for use. Superficial eye infections (bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis), infections of the outer and middle ear (external otitis media, chronic purulent otitis media).
Method of use and dose. Eyes. For acute infectious diseases of the eyes, the drug is prescribed 1 - 2 drops every 15 - 30 minutes, then the frequency of administration is reduced.
With a moderately expressed process, 1-2 drops are prescribed 2-6 times a day.
For acute and chronic trachoma, 2 drops are prescribed in each eye 2-4 times a day for 1-2 months.
After the symptoms of the disease disappear, use of the drug should be continued for the next 48 hours.
Ears. For ear diseases, administer 5 drops into the ear 3 times a day.
The drops must be at body temperature. Before using the drops, the external auditory canal should be sanitized. The patient should lie on his side or tilt his head to facilitate instillation. After insertion, the head should be kept in this position for approximately 2 minutes. You can place a cotton wool pad into the external auditory canal.
When the symptoms of the disease subside, use of the drug should be continued for the next 48 hours.
Side effect. Local reactions are possible (burning sensation or pain, hyperemia and swelling of the conjunctiva, photophobia).
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to norfloxacin and other fluoroquinolone drugs. Pregnancy and lactation. Children and adolescence up to 15 years.
Overdose. There have been no reports of cases of Norfloxacin overdose in ophthalmology and otology.
If you accidentally take drops inside, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea are observed, headache, dizziness, feeling of anxiety.
Treatment: if necessary, carry out symptomatic therapy; it is necessary to ensure sufficient fluid intake into the body, the formation of an acidic urine reaction to prevent crystalluria.
Features of use. Norfloxacin in the form of drops is prescribed only for local use. To achieve the best therapeutic effect, drops should be used in combination with systemic antimicrobial therapy (except for mild cases).
Norfloxacin drops should be prescribed with caution to patients with epilepsy, convulsive syndromes of other etiologies, with severe liver/kidney dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cerebral vessels.
Photophobia may develop; Wear sunglasses and avoid prolonged exposure to bright light.
During 30 minutes after instilling the drug into the eyes, you should refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in potentially unsafe activities that require increased attention.
Interaction with others medicines. Interaction with other drugs with topical use of Norfloxacin has not been described.
Storage conditions and periods. Store out of reach of children, protected from light at a temperature of 15°C to 25°C. Shelf life – 2 years. The shelf life of the solution after opening the bottle is 10 days.
