The modern pharmacological industry produces a large number of synthetic medicines which are widely used in various fields of medicine, including ophthalmology. Moreover, many drugs are synthesized on the basis of formulas of natural chemical compounds of plant origin. Such drugs occupy a worthy place among the most innovative developments. Similar drugs include atropine.

What is atropine

Atropine is an ester of one of the organic acids. Previously, this drug was isolated from plants of the nightshade family. These are belladonna, dope, henbane and mandrake. All plants of this group are very poisonous and atropine is a strong alkaloid. Now the drug is synthesized on an industrial scale and has insignificant differences from plant components. Atropine is available in several dosage forms, but in ophthalmology are used eye drops, which is a solution of atropine sulfate. In its pure form, atropine is a white powder, odorless. It is highly soluble in water, alcohol and saline solutions.

Keep atropine out of the reach of children.

Group and pharmacological action

Atropine belongs to the group of strong m-anticholinergics that reduce or block the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. This part of the nervous system turns on when a person is at rest, that is, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for relaxation. When it dominates, there is a decrease in heart rate, constriction of the pupils and activation of the endocrine glands. For ophthalmology, the reverse process is desirable, in which the pupils dilate and the release of tears decreases. Atropine is an acetylcholine receptor antagonist, meaning it deactivates the parasympathetic nervous system.

When using atropine in the form eye drops all the muscles of the eye relax, while the pupil is completely dilated and at the same time occurs. Accommodation is a process of "automatic" focusing of the eye, when a person distinguishes well between objects located at different distances. Due to the distortion of visual perception, when using atropine, it will not be possible to engage in small and delicate work.

After instillation of atropine solution, it is strongly not recommended to drive a vehicle.

Method of use and indications

Atropine, as eye drops, is used in the form of a 1% solution and is available in vials of 5 and 10 milliliters. After the introduction of 1-2 drops of atropine into the eyes, the therapeutic effect, that is, occurs after about 30 minutes and can last up to 10 days. After the injection of the drug, you need to lightly press on the corner of the eye, which is closer to the nose, to avoid getting the drug into the windpipe. The interval between instillations should be at least four hours. In addition to drops for intraocular administration, atropine is part of some ointments and special films.

In the conditions of a medical institution, atropine can be administered by electrophoresis, in which a 0.5% solution is used, and the anode is applied to the eyelid. In diagnostic practice, atropine is usually used as in the study of the fundus. Since the drug relaxes the muscles of the eye, it has been successfully used to treat certain diseases. Drops help well with the following pathologies:

• All types inflammatory processes(, blepharitis, keratitis, corneal ulcer and others);
• Spasm of capillary vessels;
• The formation of microthrombi.

Atropine is also used after eye operations during the recovery period, when complete relaxation of the eye muscles contributes to rapid healing and recovery.

Atropine is released strictly by prescription, since it belongs to the "A" list (Poisonous and narcotic drugs).

Side effects

Atropine, like other alkaloids, has a number of negative effects, which in some cases limits its use. First of all, atropine increases intraocular pressure, so its use in such a serious disease as glaucoma is not allowed. Also, some patients may have a biological intolerance to the drug, so it can not be used independently, without consulting a doctor. This is especially true for people over 40 years of age, as they may have latent or undiagnosed glaucoma. Quite often, when using eye drops based on atropine, the following negative reactions may occur:

If such symptoms appear, you should immediately stop using eye drops and consult a doctor. In case of overdose, there is an increase in all negative reactions. If eye drops are used together with anticholinergic drugs, there is an increase in the action of atropine. During the entire course of treatment and two weeks after its completion, in sunny weather, dark glasses should be constantly worn. The dilated pupil lets in almost all the sunlight, which can cause serious complications.

Atropine-based eye drops should not be used without the advice of a specialist.

Contraindications for use

There are many diseases in which the use of atropine is not recommended. These include the following pathologies:

• kidney failure;
• Cardiac ischemia;
• Ulcerative colitis;
• prostatic hypertrophy;
• Arterial hypertension.

In some cases, validol is prescribed to reduce possible tachycardia. It is not recommended to use drops with atropine for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During pregnancy and lactation, drops are not prescribed, since studies have shown that the drug easily passes into breast milk, which is unacceptable. For eye examination and medical procedures in children under 7 years old, a solution of reduced concentration is used. Usually these are 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% solutions. During the use of atropine, you should abandon contact lenses and switch to glasses. In extreme cases, lenses can be installed an hour after instillation. Midriacil.

Adverse reactions with new drugs are extremely rare and less pronounced. These eye drops can be used without age restrictions.

For treatment various diseases associated with the organs of vision, doctors recommend the use of Atropine eye drops. The drug stands out as a highly effective remedy that allows you to eliminate the symptoms of the disease, as well as completely neutralize the causes due to which the pathological condition has developed. The drug is widely used not only in ophthalmology, but also to influence the cardiovascular and other body systems.

Pharmacological action and group

Atropine is a drug for the treatment of diseases eyeball. The drug belongs to the group of antispasmodics, and is also taken into account in the group of anticholinergic substances.

The trade name of the drug has several positions:

1. Atropine is nova;
2. Atropine;
3. Atropine sulfate;
4. Atropine sulfate solution for internal injection.

International non-proprietary name INN: Atropine.

The mechanism of action of the drug is aimed at communication with the endings of nerve cells of a sensitive type. Which leads to blocking in the organs of vision of the transmission of impulses from nerve endings.

Active substance, getting on the mucous membrane of the eyes, is quickly absorbed into the mucous membrane and blocks the activity of cholinergic receptors. Due to the ongoing action, the latter cease to be sensitive to acetylcholine, which is a mediator of postganglionic synapses.

An effective agent tends to enter the systemic circulation and has the following effect on the human body:

1. Decreased ability to secrete internal secretion of sweat glands, as well as salivary and lacrimal. Additionally, there is a decrease in organ activity digestive system and bronchi;
2. The pupils begin to dilate, which can lead to a heavy withdrawal of fluid inside the eye cavity;
3. Stimulates the paralysis of accommodation - the process becomes a factor for the further formation of farsightedness in the patient. This is done by relaxing the muscles of the ciliary type of the organ of vision, which provokes a thickening of the lens.
4. There is an increase in large blood capillaries, as well as an effect on atrioventricular patency. In addition, a decrease in cardiac contraction is detected.

Atropine is an effective antidote, which is necessary as an antidote in case of intoxication with anticholinesterase and cholinomimic substances. Atropine is instilled into the duct of tears when an infection is detected.

With prolonged action of Atropine on the mucous membrane of the eyeball, an increase in intraocular pressure occurs, while if Procainamide is used simultaneously, it enhances the anticholinergic effect. In addition, if you use eye drops along with other medicines, such as Zopiclone or Mexilene, then there is a decrease in the absorption of additionally administered medicines.

After the administration of the drug, the active substance has the ability to be transported with the systemic circulation. Thanks to this possibility, the drug is distributed to all internal organs, it takes place to affect the developing fetus, and also to concentrate in breast milk.

After half an hour or an hour, a significant concentration of the substance in the central nervous system is detected. The half-life is not more than 2 hours. Half of the substance that has entered the body is excreted by the kidneys, the rest is by conjugation and hydrolysis.

Release form and composition

The active component of Atropine is atropine sulfate. An auxiliary substance that enhances its action is saline. The main ingredient is the most dangerous poison, which, if used improperly, can harm the human body. The active substance in some cases is extracted from plant components such as belladonna, henbane, dope or scopolia.

The product is transparent appearance. During storage, the appearance of sediment or flakes is not allowed. If the latter process is manifested, this indicates an incorrect preservation of the drug.

Atropine is an alkaloid that purposefully affects the body and its systems. The drug can be purchased in the following forms:

1. Powder;
2. Eye films, which are contained in a package of 30 pieces, with a volume of 0.0016 g;
3. Solution for injection, produced in ampoules of 1 mg 0.1%;
4. Eye drops in polyethylene bottles 1% consistency;
5. Tablets containing 0.5 mg of the active substance;
6. Atropine ointment.

As a cream, the drug is not available. If necessary, if the drug does not have the proper effect in any variations of the substance produced, it is worth purchasing a synonymous medication: Atropine sulfate. It has an identical spectrum of activity, but is not detected side effects.

Indications for use

The drug is used not only as eye drops, but also in a number of other situations. In the annotation, Atropine is prescribed for the treatment of the following diseases of the organs of vision:

1. In case of eye injury;
2. In case of infection of the lacrimal ducts;
3. With the development of inflammatory processes for rest of the functional type;
4. If spasms of the blood capillaries of the retina are detected, leading to visual impairment;
5. With the possibility of thrombus formation in blood vessels eyeball;
6. For the rapid restoration of the normal functioning of vision;
7. To relieve tension from the eye muscles of the motor type;
8. If necessary, expand the pupil;
9. To achieve accommodation paralysis for examination of the bottom of the organ of vision.

Instructions for use

To use Atropine eye drops, the doctor describes the therapy for each patient: he identifies an individual treatment regimen and the optimal rate for instilling the drug into the eyes. For the appointment, the doctor is guided by the severity of the disease, the stage of the course, the presence or absence of chronic diseases, as well as the weight category of the patient, age and the possibility of simultaneous administration of other medications.

Instill the agent into the eyes should be no more than 1-2 drops in each conjunctival sac. During the day, you should use the medication 2-3 times. After getting drops into the inner corner of the eye, you should blink often, forcing the active substance to be evenly distributed throughout the eyeball. Be sure to press on the inner corner so that the substance does not get into the nasal passage.

The drug can be used parabulbarno, through electrophoresis, and also as eye baths.

When pain is detected, provoked by the lubricating process of smooth muscles, atropine is recommended to be administered simultaneously with analgesic drugs such as Promedol, Analgin or Morphine.

During treatment, pupillary constriction after Atropine is detected. The phenomenon is observed for a long period. If the process does not return to normal on its own, doctors advise additionally introducing mydriatics, drugs such as Midrium, Cyclomed, Irifrin, Finilephrine. These medicines not only normalize the size of the pupil, but also affect the focus of the eye.

Side effects and contraindications

Before use, it is recommended to consult with your doctor and identify any contraindications. If you do not detect a ban on taking the medication in time, it is possible to provoke a negative effect of the medication. The latter is dangerous due to the fact that the drug is a potent poison and, if used incorrectly, can cause serious harm to the patient.

It is forbidden to use Atropine in patients who have the following indications:

1. Individual intolerance to the drug or its individual components;
2. The age of the child is up to 7 years;
3. Glaucoma of open-angle and closed-angle type;
4. Keratoconus.

If you do not follow the rules for using the drug, you can provoke the appearance of side effects. They are identified by the following negative situations:

1. The occurrence of photophobia;
2. Paralysis of accommodation;
3. Midriaz;
4. Intestinal obstruction;
5. Problem with urination;
6. The manifestation of dryness in the oral cavity;
7. Redness of the eyeball and adjacent tissues, the appearance of puffiness.

If you use the funds incorrectly - instill more than necessary, you can provoke an overdose. The negative state appears within 45-60 minutes after instillation of the eyes.

With the development of such a situation, nausea is revealed, combined with profuse vomiting, the work of the sebaceous glands decreases, dryness is felt on all mucous membranes, the skin acquires a reddish tint.

All signs indicate the administration of an overdose. First aid should be to wash the organs of vision with plenty of warm boiled water, drink antihistamines and urgently contact your doctor.

Interactions with other drugs

Simultaneous administration of Atropine and cholinomimetics, as well as anticholinesterase drugs, leads to a decrease in the effects of the latter. The increased activity of Atropine is affected by Promethazine or Diphenhydromine taken immediately after instillation of eye drops.

The intake of nitrates provokes an increase in eye pressure inside the organ of vision. At the same time, Atropine tends to change the absorption process of Mexiletine or Levodopa.

Therefore, it is worth refraining from taking various drugs at the same time. If such a need is identified, you should consult with your doctor.

Use in children

The use of the drug in childhood prohibited until the onset of a small patient of 7 years. This is due to the fact that the drug tends to enter the systemic circulation and disrupt the functioning of various internal organs and systems. Such a process negatively affects the well-being of the child.

Use in pregnancy

It is not worth using Atropine eye drops during childbearing and breastfeeding. The process negatively affects both the small person and the developing fetus during pregnancy.

The active substance freely passes through the placental barrier and settles in breast milk. Therefore, the use of the drug is prohibited. It is used only as directed by a doctor, and if the likelihood of the expected result exceeds the risk of developing pathologies in the child.

Storage conditions and shelf life

When purchasing the drug Atropine, you need to take care of a place inaccessible to children. The medicine should be kept in a dark, cool room. The shelf life of eye drops is no more than 3 years from the date of production.

Analogues

If the use of atropine is prohibited due to contraindications or for other reasons, the doctor may recommend other atropine-like drugs. The following medicines are distinguished:

1. Buscopan;
2. Cyclomed;
3. Atropine sulfate;
4. Tropicamide;
5. Midriacil;
6. Atrovent.

They have a similar active substance and an identical spectrum of action on the organs of vision. The doctor, after prescribing an analogue, selects the optimal treatment regimen. it is strictly forbidden to choose a drug on your own, self-medication can negatively affect the patient's well-being and condition.

Price and reviews

You can buy the drug Atropine at any stationary pharmacy. Its cost varies from 8 rubles for a solution in an injection ampoule to 40-50 rubles for a bottle of eye drops.

People who have previously used the medication respond only in a positive way. Patients note not only its effectiveness during treatment, but also the absence of side effects, as well as the affordable cost.

Thus, atropine is effective medicine. It helps to solve many problems in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, as well as in the diagnosis of the fundus. The only thing is to follow the treatment regimen and the recommendations of the doctor. Otherwise, side effects may occur.

During the examination of patients suffering from eye diseases, doctors often use drugs to dilate the pupils. Among them, the drug Atropine is very popular. After instillation, the effect of pupil dilation persists for a sufficiently long period, which can reach 10 days.

But it is not recommended for patients to use it on their own for treatment due to the presence of many contraindications for this medicine. Last time even doctors are trying to find a safer substitute for these drops. If the doctor decides to prescribe this medication, then the patient must first be examined by an ophthalmologist and measure eye pressure. Attempts to apply these drops on their own will not lead to anything good, but will only aggravate the patient's condition.

Composition and form of release of eye drops Atropine

In pharmacies, the drug Atropine is offered in the form of a solution with a concentration of 1%, which is in convenient 5 ml bottles. This medicine looks like a colorless liquid. You can buy Atropine eye drops in pharmacies by prescription only.

The effect of atropine eye drops

Atropine is one of the preparations of the alkaloid group, which has a plant basis. As a result of its use, the pupils dilate, and this makes it difficult for moisture to escape inside the eye tissues. Against this background, increased intraocular pressure and a decrease in visual acuity. In this state, a person temporarily loses the ability to read books, write and drive a car. It takes about half an hour after taking the medicine for the drug to reach its maximum concentration in the blood. The organ of vision returns to normal approximately 3-4 days after instillation, although in some cases this can happen even after a week.

Of the advantages of the drug, it is worth highlighting the fact that the drug Atropine is perfectly absorbed through the conjunctiva of the eye.

Atropine eye drops contain the following components:

• Water for injections;
• Hydrochloric acid;
• Atropine sulfate.

Indications for use

Atropine eye drops are prescribed in cases where it is necessary to dilate the patient's pupils during diagnosis and treatment eye diseases. Atropine instillation helps to conduct an examination of the fundus, the diagnosis of myopia and the treatment of certain diseases. Most often it is prescribed as a means of therapy in the following cases:

• Sensitivity to the formation of blood clots;
• Weakening of the eye muscles for rapid recovery and recovery of visual function;
• Spasm of the retinal arteries;
• Inflammatory disorders requiring complete rest for the patient;
• Eye injury.

Contraindications drops Atropine

Like most other drugs, Atropine has certain restrictions on its use:

• Age up to 7 years;
• The presence of synechia of the iris;
• Glaucoma of narrow-angle and closed-angle type;
• Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Before starting treatment with Atropine drops, you should consult with a specialist. Especially gotta be careful women during the period of bearing a baby and during breastfeeding, as well as patients over the age of 40 years.

Another contraindication to the use of Atropine drops are problems with blood pressure and disorders of the heart muscle. Knowing about it the patient must notify about these pathologies by the attending physician. It is not recommended to treat with drops of Atropine for patients with diseases of the stomach and intestines, urinary tract and kidneys, as well as disorders in work. endocrine system and elevated body temperature.

Adverse reactions of eye drops Atropine

In some patients, Atropine drops may cause adverse reactions. Therefore, you need to be careful if you notice the following symptoms after using the medicine:

Noticing in myself any of the above symptoms, the patient should immediately stop taking the drug and contact your doctor.

Atropine eye drops: instruction

Patients in the treatment of most diseases are prescribed a general scheme for taking Atropine drops, provided that a special dosage has not been prescribed by the ophthalmologist:

The drug is administered drops. After the procedure, you need to cover the inner corner of the eye with your finger and press lightly to avoid getting the medicine into the respiratory tract.

• During the day, Atropine drops can be injected into the eyes no more than 3 times;
• Between instillation of drops, you need to take a break lasting from 4 to 6 hours;
• Children can be administered special eye drops with a concentration of 1.5% of the substance.

Special instructions for the use of drops Atropine

As can be judged from the reviews, patients who have been prescribed Atropine eye drops will have to accept for the duration of treatment with certain restrictions. They should temporarily give up driving and other activities where concentration of vision is necessary. Also, do not take drops if they have expired.

Atropine should not be instilled in patients who have soft lenses on their eyes. During the procedure, they should be removed and glasses should be used. It is best to carry out the procedure for instillation of Atropine drops in the evening.

If the instillation of Atropine drops coincided with the period when there is bright sunny weather outside, then patients are recommended use sunglasses. The fact is that the dilated pupil will absorb more sunlight than usual, and this can cause the patient to develop photophobia.

Analogues

Not all patients can be treated with Atropine drops. In such cases, the optometrist must select safe analogues. The most famous substitutes for Atropine are:

Irifrin. The main purpose of these eye drops is to constrict blood vessels, dilate the pupils and lower the pressure inside the eyes. Side effects are noted in rare cases, and if they occur, they are manifested by a decrease in visual acuity, the appearance of lacrimation, itching, irritability and burning. Compared with the original drug, Irifrin drops are 6 times more expensive - they can be purchased at pharmacies at a price of 400 rubles.

Cyclomed. This analogue of Atropine is prescribed to patients in the diagnosis of eye diseases. Many experts consider this medicine one of the best. But even that can cause adverse reactions- redness of the eyes, a feeling of discomfort, increased pressure in glaucoma, as well as weakness, nausea and dizziness. In pharmacies, Cyclomed drops can be bought at a price of 400 to 500 rubles. This medicine can be considered a complete replacement for atropine sulfate and can be used to treat children of different ages.

Midriacil. This medicine is often used in the treatment of eye diseases due to its wide spectrum of action. Adverse reactions as a result of the use of drops occur in rare cases, while the drug itself has a short period of action. Adverse reactions occur only in young children and the elderly. The body reacts to this with a feeling of dryness in the mouth, headaches and dizziness. The price in pharmacies for these drops is approximately 400 r.

As for original drug, then you can buy Atropine eye drops in pharmacies at a price of 70 r.

Drops are a 1% solution of atropine sulfate. Are issued in bottles of 5 and 10 ml. The composition also includes auxiliary components: water for injection, sodium chloride and metabisulphite.

Atropine solution is a potent remedy, so it is dispensed in a pharmacy only by prescription. The main purpose of the drops is to dilate the pupil. The maximum effect is observed after 30-40 minutes. after installation, the action of Atropine persists for 3-4 days, sometimes 5-7 days.

During the use of the drug, patients should take into account the duration of the effect, since it is impossible to narrow the pupil with any ophthalmic agent.

Atropine sulfate is a plant alkaloid, it is quickly absorbed into the conjunctiva, relaxes the eye muscles, which fix the lens in one position. As a result, the outflow of ocular fluid changes and intraocular pressure increases.

In addition to prolonged pupil dilation, Atropine solution causes a spasm of accommodation, since the normal outflow of eye fluid is hindered. The patient does not see objects well, regardless of their distance from him.

Indications and contraindications

Indications for the use of eye drops Atropine sulfate:

• examination of the structure of the fundus and other diagnostic manipulations;
• treatment of injuries and inflammatory processes of the eye;
• detection of true refraction;
• spasm of the central retinal artery.

This ophthalmic preparation cannot be used in case of individual intolerance to the components in the composition, children under 7 years of age and patients over 60 years of age. Do not use the remedy for severe diseases thyroid gland, gastrointestinal tract and urinary system. The list of contraindications includes elevated body temperature.

It is allowed to use Atropine eye drops during pregnancy, lactation, hypertension and other diseases. of cardio-vascular system.

Instruction and dosage

The treatment regimen should be determined by an ophthalmologist, especially for the treatment of a child. 1-2 drops of the product are injected into each eye, the frequency of installations is 2-6 times a day. It is necessary to observe the time interval between instillations of at least 5-6 hours.

Atropine solution should be instilled into the eyes in the conjunctival sac. To prevent the agent from getting into lacrimal canal, before installation, it is necessary to compress the lacrimal ducts. You need to press your finger on the inner corner of the eye (lacrimal punctum).

Instructions for use assumes the following features of the use of drops:

• the solution affects visual acuity and reaction speed, therefore, for the duration of the treatment process, it is necessary to refuse to drive a car and other work associated with a high concentration of attention;
• store the drug in the refrigerator, after opening the vial, the shelf life is no more than 14 days;
• for the duration of treatment, it is worth abandoning, replacing them with glasses;
• children are prescribed a 0.5% solution;
• Sunglasses should be worn over the eyes to prevent vision problems.

Despite the fact that Atropine is contraindicated in children under 7 years of age, it is used in pediatric ophthalmology for patients of a younger age group. If the child is less than 3 years old, safer drugs that have a similar effect should be preferred.

In some cases, atropine can be used for an infant under one year of age, but there is a high chance of an increase adverse reactions. Before dripping the solution, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of an allergy.

Side effects

During the use of Atropine sulfate, the following adverse reactions may occur:

• redness of the eyelids or mucous membranes;
• burning;
• swelling of the conjunctiva and the eyeball;
• dry mouth;
• dizziness and headache;
• tachycardia;
• violation of skin sensitivity.

Queue rarely arise more severe side effects, namely, violation of the stool, urinary retention, atony of the intestines and bladder.

If such symptoms appear, stop using the drops and visit an ophthalmologist. Unwanted symptoms disappear instantly.

Lachrymation, photophobia and reduced visual acuity are normal consequences of the Atropine installation.

In case of overdose, atropine poisoning is possible. It is manifested by vomiting, dizziness, increased excitability and motor activity.

Interaction with other drugs

Atropine should not be used in conjunction with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, with quinidine, novocainamide and chlorthalidone. There is an increased load on the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.

Price

This tool is cheap, about 50 rubles. But it is problematic to purchase it, since not all pharmacies have it.

Analogues

For children, pregnant and nursing mothers, it is worth choosing a safer remedy. Among the analogues are:

• Midriacil. These are drops whose active ingredient is tropicamide. They are used to dilate the pupil and spasm of accommodation. The tool is contraindicated in glaucoma, increased eye pressure and allergies to the active substance. It is undesirable to use for children under the age of 3 years. The cost of a bottle of 15 ml is 320-400 rubles.
• Tropicamide. The active substance is tropicamide. Indications and contraindications are similar to those of Midriacil. The cost of 10 ml is about 100-140 rubles.
• Unitropic. The active ingredient is tropicamide. Released by prescription. The cost of 10 ml is about 150 rubles.
• Midriatikum-Shtuln. The active substance is tropicamide. The maximum effect is achieved 1 hour after installation. The pupil returns to natural size after 6 hours. The cost is from 350 rubles.
• Cyclomed. Drops to dilate the pupil. The active substance is cyclopentolate hydrochloride. The cost of 10 ml is 400-500 rubles.

These drugs are available only on prescription. Most of the time they need to be pre-ordered.

Atropine eye drops are usually prescribed once. For longer periods of use, it is important to carry out the installation correctly. This will help avoid side effects.

Useful video on how to instill eye drops

Instructions for use:

Atropine is an anticholinergic drug, a blocker of m-cholinergic receptors.

Release form and composition

Atropine is produced in the following forms:

• Solution for injection containing 1 mg of atropine sulfate in 1 ml (in ampoules of 1 ml);
• Eye drops 1% containing 10 mg of atropine sulfate in 1 ml (in 5 ml polyethylene dropper bottles).

Indications for use

Atropine is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic agent. Its active substance is a poisonous alkaloid, which is found in the leaves and seeds of plants of the nightshade family, such as henbane, belladonna, dope. The main chemical feature of the drug lies in its ability to block the m-cholinergic systems of the body, which are located in the heart muscle, organs with smooth muscles, the central nervous system and secretory glands.

The use of atropine helps to reduce secretory function glands, relaxation of the tone of smooth muscle organs, pupil dilation, increased intraocular pressure and accommodation paralysis (the ability of the eye to change focal length). The acceleration and excitation of cardiac activity after the use of the drug is due to its ability to remove the inhibitory effects of the vagus nerve. The effect of the drug on the central nervous system occurs in the form of stimulation of the respiratory center, and when using toxic doses, motor and mental excitation (convulsions, visual hallucinations) is possible.

• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• Spasms bile ducts, smooth muscle organs of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi;
• Hypersalivation (parkinsonism, poisoning with salts of heavy metals, dental interventions);
• bradycardia;
• Acute pancreatitis;
• Intestinal and renal colic;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• Bronchospasm;
• Bronchitis with hypersecretion;
• AV block;
• laryngospasm;
• Poisoning with anticholinesterase substances and m-cholinomimetics.

Atropine is also used in X-ray studies. gastrointestinal tract, for sedation before surgical operations and in ophthalmology (to dilate the pupil and achieve accommodation paralysis in order to determine the true refraction of the eye, study the fundus, treat spasm of the central retinal artery, keratitis, iritis, choroiditis, iridocyclitis, embolism and some eye injuries).

The use of Atropine is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the components that make up the drug.

Method of application and dosage

Depending on the indications, Atropine is administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously at 0.25-1 mg, the frequency of use is up to 2 times a day.

For adults, to eliminate bradycardia, 0.5-1 mg is administered intravenously, if necessary, after 5 minutes, the administration of the drug is repeated. Children's dosage is determined by body weight - 0.01 mg / kg.

For premedication, Atropine is administered intramuscularly 45-60 minutes before anesthesia:

When using Atropine in ophthalmology, 1-2 drops of a 1% solution are instilled into the sore eye, the frequency of use (determined by the indications) is up to 3 times a day with an interval of 5-6 hours. In some cases, it is possible to introduce a 0.1% solution:

• Subconjunctival - 0.2-0.5 ml;
• Parabulbarno - 0.3-0.5 ml.

For electrophoresis, a 0.5% solution of Atropine is injected from the anode through the eyelids.

With the systemic use of Atropine, the following can develop:

• Tachycardia;
• dry mouth;
• Difficulty urinating;
• Dizziness;
• Constipation;
• Photophobia;
• Midriaz;
• Paralysis of accommodation;
• Violation of tactile perception.

When using Atropine in the treatment of eye diseases, in some cases, there may be:

• Swelling of the conjunctiva and hyperemia of the eyeball and eyelids;
• Hyperemia of the skin of the eyelids;
• dry mouth;
• Photophobia;
• Tachycardia.

Atropine should be used with caution in diseases of the cardiovascular system, in which an increase in heart rate is undesirable:

• Tachycardia;
• Atrial fibrillation;
• Cardiac ischemia;
• Chronic heart failure;
• Arterial hypertension;
• mitral stenosis.

Atropine should also be used with caution in thyrotoxicosis, acute bleeding, reflux esophagitis, elevated temperature body, increased intraocular pressure, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by obstruction, preeclampsia, dry mouth, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, chronic diseases lung, liver and kidney failure, prostatic hypertrophy without urinary tract obstruction, myasthenia gravis, cerebral palsy, brain damage in children, Down's disease.

An interval of at least 1 hour between the use of antacids and Atropine should be observed.

With parabulbar or subconjunctival administration of the drug, in order to reduce tachycardia, the patient should be given a validol tablet under the tongue.

During the period of treatment with Atropine, care should be taken when engaging in potentially hazardous activities and when driving vehicles.

According to the mechanism of action, analogues of Atropine are: Bellacehol, Appamid Plus, Cyclomed, Tropicamide, Hyoscyamine, Midriacil, Cycloptik, Midrimaks, Bekarbon.

Terms and conditions of storage

The drug is dispensed by prescription. The shelf life of Atropine at temperatures up to 25 ° C is:

• Solution for injection - 5 years;
• Eye drops - 3 years.

Information about the drug is generalized, is provided for informational purposes and does not replace official instructions. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

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How to instill drops of atropine in the eyes of children

It is known that "all medicines are poisons." Atropine, if used incorrectly, can also lead to poisoning. Its first signs: dry mouth, redness of the face.

In order to avoid poisoning during atropinization, a number of precautions must be observed:

1. Store eye drops in the refrigerator, not in the freezer. At the same time, exclude the possibility of getting the solution on food and make sure that no one accidentally drinks it.

2. Any fluid is removed from the eyes along the tear ducts into the nasal cavity. There, the drug is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and can have its adverse effect. The tear ducts begin at the inner canthus of the eye. Therefore, some doctors recommend immediately after instillation of eye drops "to press a finger in the inner corner of the lacrimal canaliculi." In most cases, parents do this ineptly and inefficiently. I recommend a different way of giving strong eye drops to children. Namely:

• the child is laid face up on the sofa (bed);
• his head is turned towards the eye into which the drops are going to drip; while the outer (temporal) angle of the palpebral fissure should be lower than the inner, located at the bridge of the nose;
• the lower eyelid is pulled back and instilled behind it, into the outer (closest to the temple) part of the conjunctival sac 1 drop of the solution; if the child closes his eyes sharply and “squeezed out” the medicine, then they instill the 2nd drop;
• within 3-5 sec. keep the eyelid pulled back, then let it go; at the same time, the excess of the medicine flows down to the temple, where it is wiped with a cotton swab.
• If you need to drip the medicine into the other eye, then do the same.

3. In order to minimize the likelihood of even mild poisoning, the drops should be instilled 5-10 minutes after a meal (with 2 daily instillations - after breakfast and after dinner).

Most drugs are excreted from the body in the urine. Therefore, during the period of atropinization, children need to be given more to drink (juice, jelly, compote, milk, tea, water).

When atropine solution is instilled into only one eye, some children experience discomfort (double vision, dizziness, nausea and vomiting) due to a violation of binocular vision. They are easy to eliminate by blocking one eye, for example, with a bandage.

Experience shows that those who follow these rules have no problems during the period of atropinization. I wish you don't have them.