Should your child be vaccinated against measles? Measles vaccination

Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations with fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What medications are the safest?

The situation is dire, there are recorded deaths and 735 people have fallen ill with a CONTROLLED infection.

When is measles vaccination given and to whom??

Routine vaccination against measles (simultaneously with vaccination against rubella and mumps) is carried out twice:

At the age of 12 months. (when babies usually lose maternal antibodies passed on to them through the placenta)

At 6 years old (before entering school).

Routine vaccination against measles is also carried out for children aged 15-17 years inclusive and for adults who have not been vaccinated previously, do not have information about vaccinations against measles and have not had measles before.

It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines twice with an interval of at least 1 month between vaccinations.

Persons previously vaccinated once receive another dose once at an interval of at least 1 month. between vaccinations.

According to epidemic indications, contact persons from foci of the disease who have not been sick, not vaccinated and have no information about preventive vaccinations against measles, vaccinated once without any age limit, are vaccinated.

Can measles vaccination be given at the same time as other vaccinations?

It is allowed to administer vaccines (except for vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis), used within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, on the same day with different syringes in different parts of the body.

Vaccination against measles can be carried out simultaneously (on the same day) with other scheduled and non-calendar vaccines (both live and inactivated), except BCG.

Even with DPT it is possible, no matter what individual “experts” say.

What vaccines against measles are used in our country?

A foreign-made vaccine is currently used in Ukraine Priorix( Belgium) - a combined three-component vaccine against measles-mumps-rubella.

Can it be given at the same time as the chickenpox vaccine?

Measles (rubella, mumps) vaccines can be given at the same time as the chickenpox vaccine. In economically developed countries, a four-component vaccine for simultaneous vaccination against measles-rubella-mumps-chickenpox is already widely used for routine vaccination of children (in Ukraine it is not yet available, as is the “pure” chickenpox vaccine Varilrix - not expected, alas, this year).

If the measles (rubella, mumps) vaccine was not administered at the same time as other vaccinations, then after what time can other vaccines be administered?

The interval for administering other vaccines after vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) depends on the recommendations given in the instructions for the specific measles (rubella, mumps) vaccine administered. The instructions for some vaccines state that any other vaccinations can be administered no earlier than 1 month later. There are no such recommendations in the instructions for other measles vaccines.

International recommendations and recommendations from developed countries state that if the vaccines were not administered simultaneously, then the interval between the administration of two live vaccines should be at least 4 weeks, and if an inactivated vaccine is administered after a live vaccine, then the interval can be any (General Recommendations on Immunization — Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6002.pdf).

Thus, since the vaccine against measles (rubella, mumps) is a live attenuated vaccine, then, according to international recommendations, other live vaccines should be administered no earlier than 4 weeks after it, and inactivated vaccines - at any interval.

Conducting tuberculin diagnostics (Mantoux test) and vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) - what are the intervals?

Tuberculin diagnostics (Mantoux test) is not a vaccination, but a diagnostic test.

If the Mantoux test is carried out before the planned vaccination, then all preventive vaccinations can be carried out immediately after assessing the results of the Mantoux test

In cases where the Mantoux test is performed not before, but after various preventive vaccinations, tuberculin diagnostics should be carried out no earlier than 1 month later. after vaccination.

Some instructions for specific vaccines against measles (rubella, mumps) indicate that the Mantoux test should be performed 4-6 weeks after administration of this vaccine.

What are the contraindications (temporary or permanent) to vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps)?

Temporary contraindications are:

Acute infectious and non-infectious diseases or exacerbation chronic diseases(vaccination is postponed until recovery or remission), if the disease occurs with fever, it is better to postpone vaccination until body temperature normalizes. But the symptoms of ARVI (cough, runny nose, etc.) are not a contraindication to vaccination).

Constant contraindications are:

Heavy allergic reactions to the antibiotic neomycin, but contact dermatitis to this drug in the past is not a contraindication to vaccination.

Primary immunodeficiency, but in patients with asymptomatic HIV, the vaccine is not contraindicated.

Egg white allergy and MMR vaccine.

Vaccines against measles do not contain any eggs; they are produced on cell culture of chicken or quail embryos and are subsequently highly purified. No amount of purification can completely remove traces of these proteins, so trace, extremely microscopic amounts of this protein may be present.

Priorix, which we use in our work, is a vaccine against measles-mumps-rubella produced by GlaxoSmithKline - the measles strain is grown on chicken embryo cells.

Just a food allergy to chicken or quail protein is not a contraindication to vaccination. People who have severe reactions to chicken or quail egg white/meat (anaphylactic shock, generalized urticaria, Quincke's edema) should not be vaccinated.

For information, neither the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP, "Red Book") nor the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) consider egg allergy as a contraindication to MMR vaccines and recommend routine vaccination of people with egg allergy without use of special preparation protocols or desensitizing procedures.

I don’t remember if I was vaccinated as a child, what should I do?

If there is no documented information about previously received measles vaccinations, it is necessary to vaccinate, ask medical workers to make an appropriate entry in the vaccination certificate, keep this certificate with you and present it to medical workers in case of questions.

You can also take a blood test for the presence of antibodies, but it has a large error in the form of both false positive and false negative results.

If measles vaccinations have been previously administered but there are no records, is it safe to administer additional vaccinations?

Safely. In fact, the same situation will occur as if you came into contact with a wild measles virus. If, after previously administered vaccinations, there is protective immunity, then it simply inactivates the vaccine viruses, as it would do with a wild virus. If there was no post-vaccination immunity or it has faded, then the introduction of vaccine antigens will result in the development of a protective level.

As with any vaccine, local or general reactions may sometimes develop.

If a person is believed to have previously had measles, but there is no documented evidence, is it safe to get vaccinated against measles?

Safely. In fact, the same situation will occur as if you came into contact with a wild measles virus. If, after suffering from measles, there is protective immunity, then it simply inactivates the vaccine viruses, as it would do with a wild virus. If there was no measles immunity, then the introduction of vaccine antigens will result in the development of protective immunity.

Planning pregnancy and vaccination of surrounding people (children, adults).

There is no negative impact of vaccinating others with any vaccines on a woman planning a pregnancy. On the contrary, these vaccinated people will not be sources of infection for a pregnant woman (and then a newborn child), who for some reason is not vaccinated or has not been sick before, and the newborn is not vaccinated due to age.

The pregnant woman was vaccinated against measles (measles-rubella-mumps). Is this dangerous and should the pregnancy be terminated?

Pregnant women should not be vaccinated against measles; pregnancy is a temporary contraindication. But sometimes it happens that a woman does not know that she is pregnant at the time of vaccination; such cases are described in the medical literature. Publications of the results of observation of such women show that these vaccinations had no effect on the fetus.

In developed countries, there are no official recommendations for doctors to terminate pregnancy due to vaccinations. Those who give recommendations for termination of pregnancy precisely because the pregnant woman is vaccinated are dangerously mistaken.

Can a breastfeeding woman be vaccinated against measles (rubella, mumps)?

Lactation is not a contraindication to vaccination. Vaccination of a nursing mother does not affect the breastfed infant through milk. When vaccinating a breastfeeding woman against measles, you must use vaccines whose instructions for use include: breast-feeding is not a contraindication.

Priorix is approved if the potential benefit outweighs the risk.

The child was vaccinated against measles (measles-rubella-mumps), is it dangerous for others, including other children who have not been vaccinated?

The vaccine virus does not spread to others; it is impossible to become infected with measles, rubella, and mumps from a vaccinated person.

And if a person vaccinated against measles (rubella, mumps) after vaccination develops a reaction in the form of a rash, etc., will he also not be contagious?

A vaccinated person, with or without reactions to the measles (rubella, mumps) vaccine, is in any case not contagious to others.

If the child is already one year old, and previous vaccinations have not yet been completed (for example, DTP has not been completed, etc.) or have not been started at all, is it possible to first get vaccinated against measles (rubella, mumps), and then start other vaccinations? Some doctors do not give the measles vaccine until all doses of DTP have been administered.

There are no recommendations for doctors that the measles (rubella, mumps) vaccine should not be administered until previous vaccinations have been completed. If the child has already reached the age of 1 year, then the measles vaccine (especially in case of epidemic problems) can be administered at any time in the near future, simultaneously with any vaccines (except BCG) or separately. In this case, the order of administration (first DPT, then measles vaccine) indicated in the vaccination calendar is no longer followed, since the child has reached the age when the vaccine can be administered.

Why is a second measles vaccine necessary?

About 2% to 5% of people do not develop protective immunity against measles after one vaccination. This happens for various reasons. The second shot gives people who did not have an immune response to the first shot a chance to develop protective immunity against measles.

Can I drink alcohol after vaccination?

Alcohol consumption and vaccinations are not related in any way.

Is it possible to walk and wash the child after vaccination?

You can walk and wash your child immediately after vaccination if he feels normal. The ban on walking and washing is a misconception.

Why, according to the standard schedule, is the first vaccination administered at the age of 1 year, and the second at the age of 6 years?

The first vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) is administered at the age of 12 months, since by this age the child usually loses protective maternal antibodies received during pregnancy through the placenta. Sometimes children do not receive protective antibodies from their mother during pregnancy, since the mother herself does not have them (she has not been sick before or has not been vaccinated).

The second vaccination is administered at the age of 6 years, since this is the time of admission to school (or preparation for school), when the child goes to school (to a new team).

If there are 2 vaccinations, is it necessary to check the strength of the immune response to assess whether the vaccinations worked or not? A friend who received 2 vaccinations against measles had her immunity checked in the laboratory - the laboratory did not find any protective immunity.

It is not recommended to specifically check the presence of post-vaccination immunity in a twice-vaccinated person.

At the same time, international recommendations and recommendations from developed countries generally do not recommend testing for antibodies in those who have been vaccinated twice against measles due to the likelihood of a false negative response - it is not clear how to interpret such an analysis. And there are no recommendations to re-vaccinate those who have been reliably vaccinated against measles twice and who have a negative result.

Their recommendations also state that “..If a person has 2 documented measles vaccinations, then no additional doses need to be administered. Any diagnostic test has the potential for false positive and false negative results.”

What to do if there is contact with a person with measles?

According to epidemic indications, persons who have had contact with a patient (if the disease is suspected), who have not had measles before, who have not been vaccinated, who do not have information about vaccinations against measles, as well as persons who have been vaccinated against measles once - without age restrictions, are subject to vaccination against measles according to epidemic indications.

Immunization against measles according to epidemic indications is carried out within the first 72 hours from the moment the patient is identified. When the boundaries of the measles outbreak expand (at the place of work, school, within the region, settlement) the immunization period can be extended up to 7 days from the moment the first patient is identified in the outbreak.

Children who have not been vaccinated against measles or mumps (who have not reached vaccination age or who have not received vaccinations due to medical contraindications or refusal to vaccinate) no later than the 5th day from the moment of contact with the patient are given normal human immunoglobulin (hereinafter referred to as immunoglobulin) in accordance with with instructions for its use.

What is measles immunoglobulin and who is it used for?

Measles immunoglobulin is a medical and biological preparation obtained from donor blood, containing ready-made measles antibodies. Intended for emergency prevention of contacts who, for some reason, have not previously been vaccinated against measles (refusal, contraindications, or have not reached the age of vaccination).

Forms so-called passive immunity, which is short-lived. Donor antibodies are eliminated from the body after a few weeks and do not leave any protection behind.

As far as I know, it is currently not available in Ukraine.

What reactions can be expected from the administration of Priorix?

In practice, we noticed the following reactions: redness and thickening at the injection site, fever up to 39 degrees, a small rash on the body and enlargement of the posterior cervical lymph nodes.

Usually 7-10 days after vaccination.

Based on materials from the CDC websites, privivka.ru, instructions for Priorix

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Regulatory documentation was used to compile responses Russian Federation and international recommendations.

Measles prevention is not a topic for correspondence consultation. The best solution is to contact a full-time specialist.

Where can I find out about the incidence of measles in a specific region of the Russian Federation?

You can find out about the epidemiological situation regarding measles from the Rospotrebnadzor department of your city or region by visiting the website of this organization or by calling the epidemiological surveillance department there.

When did they start vaccinating people against measles in Russia?

In the USSR, a single vaccination against measles was introduced in 1968 for children aged 15-18 months, and since 1986 - from the age of 12 months.

Revaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) at the age of 6 years was introduced in the Russian Federation in 1997.

What schedule of vaccination against measles is currently regulated in the Russian Federation?

According to the current National Preventive Vaccination Calendar, routine vaccination against measles (simultaneously with vaccination against rubella and mumps) is carried out twice: at the age of 12 months (when infants usually lose maternal antibodies transmitted to them through the placenta) and at 6 years (before entering school) .

Routine vaccination against measles is also carried out for children aged 15-17 years inclusive and adults under the age of 35 who have not been vaccinated previously, do not have information about vaccinations against measles and have not had measles before. It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines twice with an interval of at least 3 months between vaccinations.

Persons previously vaccinated once are subject to a single immunization with an interval of at least 3 months between vaccinations

Why does the National Vaccination Calendar indicate the age limit for measles vaccination at 35 years? Do older, but unvaccinated and not sick people no longer need it?

The age of 35 years is a conditional limit; the indication in the Vaccination Calendar only says that routine measles vaccination is funded by the state only for persons under 35 years of age.

This does not mean that people over 35 years old do not need measles vaccination.

If a person over 35 years of age wants to be routinely vaccinated against measles, he can do so at his own expense.

Without age restrictions, vaccination of unvaccinated (or once vaccinated) and non-sick people who have come into contact with a person with measles should be carried out at public expense. This event is called vaccination for epidemic reasons and is paid for by the state.

What documents regulate vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) in the Russian Federation?

Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 N 125n “On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications” - Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2952-11 “Prevention of measles, rubella and mumps”

Measles vaccines (Position of the World Health Organization - document in Russian, 2009) www.who.int/immunization/WER_35_Measles_Position_paper_Russian_23Sep_09.pdf

Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization (USA, documents at English language) Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella and mumps (June 2013) - “Prevention of Measles, Rubella, Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and Mumps”

What vaccines against measles are used in Russia?

Vaccines of Russian and foreign production are currently used in the Russian Federation

Against measles

Combined two-component vaccine against measles-mumps

Combined three-component measles-mumps-rubella vaccine

Can measles vaccination be given at the same time as other vaccinations?

The text of the National Preventive Vaccination Calendar states: “It is allowed to administer vaccines (except for vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis), used within the framework of the national preventive vaccination calendar, on the same day with different syringes to different parts of the body.”

Therefore, vaccination against measles can be carried out simultaneously (on the same day) with other scheduled and non-calendar vaccines (both live and inactivated), except BCG.

Can it be given at the same time as the chickenpox vaccine?

If the measles (rubella, mumps) vaccine was not administered at the same time as other vaccinations, then after what time can other vaccines be administered?

International recommendations and recommendations from developed countries state that if the vaccines were not administered simultaneously, then the interval between the administration of two live vaccines should be at least 4 weeks, and if an inactivated vaccine is administered after a live vaccine, then the interval can be any ( "General Recommendations on Immunization - Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6002.pdf ).

Conducting tuberculin diagnostics (Mantoux test) and vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) - what are the intervals?

Tuberculin diagnostics (Mantoux test) is not a vaccination, but a diagnostic test.

If tuberculin diagnostics is carried out before the planned vaccination, then in accordance with Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of March 21, 2003 N 109 “On improving anti-tuberculosis measures in the Russian Federation” (Appendix No. 4 Instructions for the use of tuberculin tests) – “..5.1. ..Healthy children and adolescents infected with MTB, as well as with positive (doubtful) post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity and children with negative reaction for tuberculin, but not subject to BCG revaccination, all preventive vaccinations can be carried out immediately after assessing the results of the Mantoux test..."

In cases where the Mantoux test is performed not before, but after various preventive vaccinations, then the same document states that “..tuberculin diagnostics should be carried out no earlier than 1 month after vaccination.”

Some instructions for specific vaccines against measles (rubella, mumps) indicate that tuberculin diagnostics should be carried out 4-6 weeks after administration of this vaccine.

What are the contraindications (temporary or permanent) to vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps)?

Temporary contraindications are:

Acute infectious and non-infectious diseases or exacerbation of chronic diseases (vaccination is postponed until recovery or remission),

Pregnancy.

Constant contraindications are:

Severe allergic reactions to aminoglycosides,

For chicken or quail protein (depending on the type of specific vaccine, if it is produced using chicken or quail eggs),

Primary immunodeficiency,

Malignant blood diseases and neoplasms,

Severe reaction (hyperthermia above 40 degrees C, hyperemia or swelling more than 8 cm in diameter at the injection site) or complication of a previous administration of measles vaccine

HIV infection is not a contraindication to vaccination.

If a person (child, adult) is allergic to chicken or quail eggs, can they be vaccinated?

Which measles vaccines are made using eggs, and which ones?

Russian-made anti-measles – on quail embryo cells

Against measles-mumps produced in Russia - on quail embryo cells

Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline - measles strain grown on chicken embryo cells

Vaccine against measles-mumps-rubella produced by MSD Pharmaceuticals - the measles strain is grown on chicken embryo cells.

I don’t remember if I was vaccinated as a child, what should I do?

If measles vaccinations have been previously administered but there are no records, is it safe to administer additional vaccinations?

If a person is believed to have previously had measles, but there is no documented evidence, is it safe to get vaccinated against measles?

As with any vaccine, local or general reactions may sometimes develop.

Planning pregnancy and vaccinating women against measles.

In the instructions for the use of vaccines against measles and measles-mumps, pregnancy is a contraindication to vaccination, but a specific period for preventing pregnancy is not indicated.

The instructions for use of three-component vaccines against measles-rubella-mumps indicate that a woman childbearing age After vaccination it is necessary to protect yourself for 3 months.

Vaccination of men against measles when planning pregnancy.

Vaccination of the husband with any vaccines does not affect pregnancy planning in any way.

Planning pregnancy and vaccination of surrounding people (children, adults)

The pregnant woman was vaccinated against measles (measles-rubella-mumps). Is this dangerous and should the pregnancy be terminated?

In developed countries of the world and in Russia, there are no official recommendations for doctors to terminate pregnancy due to vaccinations. Those who give recommendations for termination of pregnancy precisely because the pregnant woman is vaccinated are dangerously mistaken.

I'm pregnant and to a loved one or the older child has been vaccinated. Is it safe for the pregnant woman and the fetus?

There is no negative impact of vaccinating others with any vaccines on a woman planning a pregnancy. On the contrary, these vaccinated people will not be sources of infection for a pregnant woman (and newborn child), who for some reason is not vaccinated or has not been sick before, and the newborn is not vaccinated due to age.

How soon after giving birth can the measles vaccine be given?

The measles (measles-rubella-mumps) vaccine can be administered at any time after childbirth.

Can a breastfeeding woman be vaccinated against measles (rubella, mumps)?

Lactation is not a contraindication to vaccination. Vaccination of a nursing mother does not affect the breastfed infant through milk.

But in the instructions for use of some measles vaccines, the manufacturer states that lactation is a contraindication.

Therefore, when vaccinating a breastfeeding woman against measles, it is necessary to use vaccines whose instructions for use do not include breastfeeding as a contraindication.

The child was vaccinated against measles (measles-rubella-mumps), is it dangerous for others, including other children who have not been vaccinated?

The vaccine virus does not spread to others; it is impossible to become infected with measles, rubella, and mumps from a vaccinated person.

And if a person vaccinated against measles (rubella, mumps) after vaccination develops a reaction in the form of a rash, etc., will he also not be contagious?

A vaccinated person, with or without reactions to the measles (rubella, mumps) vaccine, is in any case not contagious to others.

The first vaccination against measles was done with a domestic vaccine, is it now possible to vaccinate a child with Priorix or another vaccine?

Yes, measles (rubella, mumps) vaccines are interchangeable.

If the child is already one year old, and previous vaccinations have not yet been completed (for example, DTP has not been completed, etc.) or have not been started at all, is it possible to first get vaccinated against measles (rubella, mumps), and then start other vaccinations. Some doctors do not give the measles vaccine until all doses of DTP have been administered.

Is it possible to walk and wash the child after vaccination?

You can walk and wash your child immediately after vaccination if he feels normal. The ban on walking and washing is a misconception.

Can I drink alcohol after vaccination?

Alcohol consumption and vaccinations are not related in any way.

Why is a second measles vaccine necessary?

Why, according to the standard schedule, is the first vaccination administered at the age of 1 year, and the second at the age of 6 years?

The first vaccine against measles (rubella, mumps) is administered at the age of 12 months, since by this age the child usually loses protective maternal antibodies received during pregnancy through the placenta. Sometimes children do not receive protective antibodies from their mother during pregnancy, since the mother herself does not have them (she has not been sick before or has not been vaccinated).

The second vaccination is administered at the age of 6 years, since this is the time of admission to school (or preparation for school), when the child goes to school (to a new team).

What is the minimum age for receiving the first and second measles vaccinations?

The standard minimum age for the first measles (rubella, mumps) vaccination is 12 months. The minimum age for the second vaccination is 6 years.

The instructions for measles vaccines also indicate that children born from seronegative (who have laboratory methods mothers have not been found to have immunity to measles; they are vaccinated at the age of 8 months, then at the age of 14-15 months and at the age of 6 years. There is no such direct recommendation in the national vaccination calendar and the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules, but it does say that immunization is carried out with vaccines in accordance with the instructions for their use. Thus, if it is suddenly discovered that a woman does not have antibodies against measles (seronegative reaction), then her child can be vaccinated against measles at the age of 8 months.

The second vaccination should not be given earlier.

If the first vaccination has already been administered, what is the interval until the second?

With the standard vaccination schedule, the interval is 5 years - at 12 months and the second vaccination at 6 years.

But if the vaccination schedule is violated, this interval can be much shorter, the main thing is that the second vaccination is not given before the age of 6 years.

For example, if a child received the first vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) at the age of 4 years, then the next vaccination should be administered to him not after 5 years, but at the standard age of 6 years.

What is the minimum interval for administering measles vaccinations with a staggered vaccination schedule in children and adults?

The instructions for measles vaccines indicate at least 6 months.

Also, according to the current National Preventive Vaccination Calendar, persons previously vaccinated against measles once are subject to a single immunization with an interval of at least 3 months between vaccinations.

For example, if a child received his first vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) over the age of 6 years, then the second vaccination can be administered to him after 6 months. It's the same for adults.

A child was mistakenly given a second vaccination against measles (rubella, mumps) before the age of 6 years. Does he need to be vaccinated a second time at 6 years old?

It is not recommended to specifically check the presence of post-vaccination immunity in a twice-vaccinated person.

The Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules SP 3.1.2952-11 “Prevention of measles, rubella and mumps” states that “clause 7.3. In order to assess the state of population immunity to measles, rubella and mumps, studies of the intensity of immunity in vaccinated individuals are conducted in the prescribed manner. Persons identified by the results of serological monitoring who are not immune to measles or rubella or mumps are subject to immunization.”

What to do if there is contact with a person with measles?

Actions are regulated by Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules SP 3.1.2952-11 “Prevention of Measles, Rubella and Mumps”

5.10. Immunization against measles according to epidemic indications is subject to persons who have had contact with a patient (if the disease is suspected), who have not had measles before, who have not been vaccinated, who do not have information about vaccinations against measles, as well as persons who have been vaccinated against measles once - without age restrictions.

Immunization against measles according to epidemic indications is carried out within the first 72 hours from the moment the patient is identified. If the boundaries of a measles outbreak expand (at a place of work, school, within a district, a settlement), the immunization period can be extended to 7 days from the moment the first patient in the outbreak is identified.

5.12. Children who have not been vaccinated against measles or mumps (who have not reached vaccination age or who have not received vaccinations due to medical contraindications or refusal to vaccinate) no later than the 5th day from the moment of contact with the patient are given normal human immunoglobulin (hereinafter referred to as immunoglobulin) in accordance with with instructions for its use.

5.14. Contact persons from foci of measles, rubella or mumps who have not been vaccinated and have not previously suffered from these infections are not allowed to planned hospitalization to non-infectious medical organizations and social organizations during the entire period of medical observation specified in paragraph 5.7 of these sanitary rules.

Hospitalization of such patients during the period of medical observation in non-infectious medical organizations is carried out for health reasons, while additional sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures are organized in the hospital in order to prevent the spread of infection.

What is measles immunoglobulin and who is it used for?

Anti-measles immunoglobulin is a medical and biological product obtained from the blood of donors and contains ready-made anti-measles antibodies. Intended for emergency prevention of contacts who, for some reason, have not previously been vaccinated against measles (refusal, contraindications, or have not reached the age of vaccination).

Forms so-called passive immunity, which is short-lived. Donor antibodies are eliminated from the body after a few weeks and do not leave any protection behind.

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Many adults are confident that vaccinations are exclusively a measure for children to prevent all kinds of diseases. However, people who work in educational institutions, hospitals and food preparation places know that there are many vaccines for adults that help protect against various diseases in adulthood. Among them is the measles vaccine, which is known to be highly contagious. infectious disease. Let's look at how many times adults are vaccinated against measles, and is it necessary at all?

Do adults need a measles vaccine??

I think those readers who recently studied the symptoms of measles in adults on the site initial stage, has no doubt about the positive answer to the question posed. Yes, measles is traditionally considered a childhood infection. If a child gets sick from it, he will have lifelong immunity. If this does not happen, the infection may well be transmitted to an adult, and very easily. But at the same time, in adult patients, measles is much more complicated than in children. Recently, the site also published material that discussed the consequences of measles vaccination for adults:

Pneumonia (measles or bacterial);
- bronchitis;
- otitis;
- hepatitis;
- sinusitis;
- keratitis (there is a possibility of even loss of vision);
- pyelonephritis;
- eustacheitis (fraught with hearing loss and even complete hearing loss);
- meningitis;
- meningoencephalitis.

At the same time, the most dangerous complication of measles infection in adults is considered to be defeat nervous system, which is classified as meningoencephalitis. There is no specific treatment for this condition and it can be fatal.

The only possible method of preventing measles in adults is vaccination. Thus, readers of Popular About Health can themselves draw the correct conclusion about the need for such a vaccination in adulthood.

Who needs the measles vaccine??

This vaccination is extremely important for those who have not received the measles vaccine in childhood, and also did not suffer from this disease. It is worth noting that the risk group for the incidence of this disease includes people who are in contact with a significant number of children or adolescents.

When are adults vaccinated and how many times??

In accordance with the framework of the adopted national program, doctors carry out routine measles vaccination according to schedule. Thus, in Russia there is a specific vaccination schedule.

Adults under thirty-five years of age who have not previously had measles and have not been vaccinated (or do not have information about previous vaccinations) are vaccinated free of charge. Also, all those (regardless of age) who have been in contact with a patient with measles and have not previously been vaccinated and have not had such an illness are vaccinated free of charge. Everyone else gets vaccinated for a fee.

Adult patients are vaccinated twice, maintaining a three-month interval between vaccine administrations. In the event that an adult has already been vaccinated once before, vaccination is still carried out from the very beginning in accordance with a two-time schedule.

There is no routine revaccination for adult patients. A cycle of two vaccinations allows you to obtain lasting immunity for at least twelve years, but generally longer. Doctors recommend that those who care about their health, ten years after vaccination, donate blood for an antibody titer and, depending on the results obtained, decide on the need for revaccination against measles (the vaccination is repeated if the analysis shows a lack of immunity).

Additional Information

Every adult needs to remember that:

Any vaccination is possible only at the stage of remission of all ailments;

Vaccination is best carried out in parallel with the prophylactic use of antihistamines;

In the presence of allergic diseases, vaccinations should be carried out exclusively in those medical institutions that are equipped with all the necessary equipment to provide emergency assistance.

Most contraindications to measles vaccinations are temporary, they can be eliminated and vaccination can then be carried out. There are only three cases when medical exclusion from vaccinations is absolute. These include the presence of:

Allergic reactions to vaccine components;

Oncological diseases.

Thus, measles vaccination should also be carried out in adulthood. This method of prevention is the only effective way to prevent this disease.

Measles is extremely contagious viral disease, which is often considered a harmless childhood disease. Contrary to popular belief, the virus can infect a person of any age, causing dangerous complications including death, so vaccination against measles is an important preventive measure that should not be neglected.

General information about the disease

Measles - acute viral infection which affects the mucous membranes respiratory tract human and is accompanied by rashes, conjunctivitis and general intoxication of the body. Along with chicken pox or rubella, this virus has a record level of susceptibility - upon contact with a patient, up to 100% of people without previously acquired immunity become ill.

Being very volatile, the infection easily travels vast distances, so it is not necessary to come into close contact with the patient. The incubation period of the disease lasts 1-2 weeks, the last couple of days of which a person becomes infectious to others. Common symptoms of infection include:

cough, runny nose;
temperature up to 39-40 degrees Celsius;
tearfulness, photophobia;
swelling.

Approximately on the 3rd day from the moment the temperature rises, spots begin to appear throughout the body, which last for 3 days and begin to fade, completely disappearing.

Is vaccination against measles necessary?

Despite widespread ideas about the relative harmlessness of the virus, which is more easily transmitted in childhood, the mortality picture presented by Rospotrebnadzor and WHO data does not look so rosy. According to statistics, this infection affects about 150 thousand people a year, and in the absence of proper nutrition and care, up to 10% of those affected die.

Even if the risk of death passes the patient, it is rarely possible to avoid serious complications. For an adult, measles infection usually causes the development of a number of problems and diseases:

otitis (up to hearing loss);
bronchitis, pneumonia;
meningitis;
hepatitis;
renal failure, pyelonephritis, liver disease;
deterioration of vision or its complete loss (up to 20% of cases);
diseases of the central nervous system;
general decrease in immunity.

Measles vaccination for children

Vaccination to prevent the virus in childhood is extremely necessary, since this disease can cause serious neurological complications in the child and provoke the development of chronic health problems. At what age is the measles vaccine given?

Even in the last century, measles was one of the most dangerous diseases, since in childhood every fourth child died when infected with the virus of this disease. Often, the measles pathogen enters through the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract or eyes. The incubation period of the disease lasts from 8 to 12 days, after which a full-blown clinical picture diseases.

The onset of measles is very similar to the course of normal respiratory disease, is characterized by an increase in body temperature, runny nose, lethargy and general malaise, but after a couple of days whitish rashes begin to appear on the inner surface of the cheeks, which are a marker of measles.

After a few days, the rash affects all parts of the body. The most dangerous consequence of the disease is weakened immunity, since multiple diseases can progress against its background. For example, otitis media, inflammation of the larynx, bacterial pneumonia and brain lesions, which are the most terrible complication of measles.

Today, the measles vaccine is effective method prevention of the disease, since it hundreds of times reduces the number of deaths that are observed in the unfavorable course of the disease and, on top of that, reduces the likelihood of contracting measles.

Vaccination against measles can be either a monovalent vaccine or a polyvalent one. The vaccine is called mono- or polyvalent due to the number of components. A monovalent vaccine can only protect against measles, while a polyvalent vaccine consists of several active ingredients and generally protects against measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox.

The drug used for vaccination is not resistant to external factors, therefore requires careful storage, since if stored incorrectly, even with the introduction of the vaccine, you can get measles. The vaccine is available in powder form, which must be diluted immediately before vaccination against measles.

If the diluted drug is stored at room temperature for more than an hour, it will lose almost half its ability to provide immunity. If the drug is stored for about an hour at a temperature of 37 ° C or more, it will lose all pharmacological properties.

The vaccine is extremely susceptible to open sunlight, so it should be stored in a dark place whose temperature does not exceed 20 ° C.

Vaccination against measles can provide long-term immunity to the disease - at least 20 years. Sometimes there have been cases where immunity against measles was active in those people who were vaccinated 36 years ago. In such cases, a repeat vaccine is not needed for several years.

Rules for administering the measles vaccine

Vaccination with a monovalent solution is needed to maintain immunity, so it is carried out 2 times in a lifetime. The first time the vaccine is administered is at the age of 12-15 months, and the second time is before attending the first class, that is, at 6 years.

Throughout life, another vaccination against measles is carried out, but it is polyvalent, as it is combined with a vaccine against mumps and rubella.

In subsequent times, vaccination should be carried out every 10 years.

There are 3 points in total where the injection is given:

the lateral part of the shoulder on the border between its upper and middle parts;
anterior thigh;
subscapular region.

The injection site is selected based on the development of the muscle layer in a particular area of the body. The preferred location for vaccination is the point containing the largest amount of muscle. Basically, the injection is carried out subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

The solution should not be allowed to enter the skin, as compactions may form, from which the substance will enter the blood extremely slowly, as a result of which the vaccine will be ineffective.

How to prepare your child for vaccination

Completely healthy children, whose immunity is not weakened during vaccination, do not need any special preparation and, for example, complementary feeding can be introduced during this period without any fear. To eliminate parents' concerns, it is enough just to measure the temperature and make sure that it is normal.

Some doctors resort to prescribing antihistamines before vaccination against measles and mumps. But, as practice shows, such actions have neither a positive nor a negative effect.

Only a small percentage of children are predisposed to allergic reactions after vaccination.

The task of the paramedic or nurse is to conduct a detailed survey of the parents, because there are situations when the child’s body is extremely susceptible to the introduction of such substances.

As a rule, the reaction to the introduction of a vaccine manifests itself in the form of a typical allergy, which is accompanied by an increase in temperature and the appearance of a rash on the child’s skin. Therefore, before administering the injection, the nurse is obliged to inform the doctor about the existing characteristics of the body.

If a child falls ill immediately before vaccination, the injection should be given after complete recovery. In accordance with this principle, the introduction of complementary foods should be carried out.

Contraindications to vaccination against measles and mumps

There is a list of certain pathological reactions in which vaccination with drugs against measles and mumps is not recommended or contraindicated.

Contraindications:

The reaction to the measles vaccine or to the amount of the substance administered on the previous occasion was supported by various complications.
Each vaccine contains a small amount of antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group, so allergic reactions to the administration of these substances may be contraindications.
Allergic reactions that occur when eating egg whites.
The presence of any disease or a period of exacerbation of existing ones. In this situation, the vaccine is postponed and not canceled altogether.
Primary or secondary immunodeficiency, diseases that reduce immunity.
Drugs that help reduce the overall resistance of the body.
Blood transfusion, which was carried out less than 2 months before vaccination.
Diseases accompanied by the development of tumors in the body.

Normal reaction to a vaccine

As a rule, the measles vaccine rarely causes complications in childhood. Usually there are natural reactions of the body to the introduction of the vaccine, which disappear within 3-4 days. The following typical reactions are often observed after administration of the measles and mumps vaccine:

increased body temperature;
manifestations of skin rashes over the entire surface of the body;
pain and aching sensation in the joints;
runny nose and cough;
itching or burning at the injection site.

An increase in body temperature is a typical reaction to the introduction of a foreign substance into the body. This manifestation doesn't help at all immune system in its work, so the temperature can be brought down with various antipyretic drugs containing paracetamol.

Also in the background elevated temperature febrile convulsions may occur, which is a typical reaction accompanying low-grade fever.

A rash is a common reaction of the body after receiving the measles and mumps vaccine. Sometimes it can spread over the entire body, but, as a rule, it is local and appears on the face, neck, arms, skin behind the ears, buttocks and back.

To eliminate the rash, it is necessary to use ointments that help dry the skin.

Complications and adverse reactions after administration of the measles and mumps vaccine

Measles vaccine in rare cases is accompanied by the manifestation side effects or complications in childhood. According to statistics, only 1 in 10 may experience a fever or a rash. Often these manifestations are observed in children who are prone to allergic reactions.

In children who have increased allergic susceptibility, in addition to the above manifestations, they may experience side effects in the form of Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock, as a reaction to the introduction of chicken protein.

Vaccination of such children should be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor, since in some situations emergency care may be needed.

To prevent fever, it is necessary to give the child medications containing paracetamol for five days after vaccination.

The rarest consequence (it is observed in 6-22 cases per million) is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Thrombocytopenia is also a rare adverse reaction. As a rule, it is observed when a monovalent vaccine is administered.

Complementary feeding and vaccine

It is recommended to introduce new complementary foods to babies 2 weeks after vaccination, since the child’s body is weakened after the procedure. It is necessary to start complementary feeding gradually due to the fact that the child’s body may react negatively to the new product.

The consequences can be quite unpleasant: vomiting or nausea. Complementary foods should be introduced gradually, moving from one product to a mixture of several, slowly expanding the baby's diet.

Useful video about whether you need to get vaccinated against measles

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