Pain during menstruation: causes and treatment. Severe pain during menstruation: causes of spasms Severe cramping pains in the lower abdomen during menstruation

Menstrual flow in medical terminology is the process of removing the old mucosa and endometrium from the uterine cavity through bleeding. The beginning of the menstrual period is the first women's day.

At this time, conception is out of the question, since the smooth muscles of the uterus produce strong contractions and, as it were, help the rejection of the spent endometrium. In addition, this process is accompanied by spasm of veins and capillaries and, accordingly, sufficient amounts of oxygen and nutrients are not supplied to all tissues and organs.

Therefore, there is intense pain on critical days. The basis for this course of events are hormones - prostaglandins. If we consider in more detail, then in the course of 25-30 days the uterus, preparing for fertilization, is saturated inside with many capillaries, main function which, during fertilization of the uterus, deliver nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

If fertilization does not occur, there is no need for the presence of this tissue layer in the uterine cavity, and its removal is carried out by the synthesis of prostaglandins. This is a kind of "mini-birth": the genital organ contracts and seeks to free itself from the unnecessary endometrium, somewhat opening the cervix.

Pain from this physiological process may be present, but if it increases significantly, then you should check with a gynecologist. You can endure such pain, but it is best to eliminate the cause of the increase in pain.

Pain during menstruation

Pain syndrome during critical days is expressed in different ways:

According to medical statistics, the vast majority of women are prone to pain on the first day of menstruation.

The nature of the pain during menstruation

Menstruation- This is a natural process by which a woman's body gets rid of the old one.

Since the process of tissue removal itself is controlled by the nervous system, discomfort and some painful feeling are not ruled out, but if this feeling is more pronounced, then there are some disruptions in the general health of the woman.

Normally, mild painful discomfort can begin some time before the start of bleeding, and lasts for two days.

According to the descriptions, pain manifestations are similar to contractions, sharp, aching with a return to the lower abdomen and lumbar.

Degrees of dysmenorrhea

In terms of intensity, sensations are distributed into 4 degrees:

Causes of painful periods

Why does pain occur? Pain during menstruation may appear due to the incorrect position of the reproductive organs, vulnerability to the slightest changes in the body, strong emotionality, due to blockage of the excretory tract by adhesions and abortion scars.

Also affects heredity, calcium and magnesium deficiency, beriberi and physical inactivity (lack of physical activity).

All of the above can be attributed to interruptions in the synthesis of hormones, with an increase in prostaglandins, impulsive uterine tension increases, and the lumen in the vessels narrows accordingly.

The use of contraceptives, such as a spiral, can also provoke the onset of primary dysmenorrhea. endometriosis, fibroids reproductive organ, pregnancy in the appendages, inflammatory, infectious diseases urinary organs provoke secondary dysmenorrhea. Unbearable pain on critical days is due to the appearance of cysts and polyps in the uterine cavity.

Diagnostics

For any woman, strong pain manifestations turn into a constant oppressed expectation of critical days.

This problem requires a rigorous solution by visiting the gynecological office, passing the appropriate tests for the number female hormones performing ultrasound diagnostics.

Also, a specialist may ask to do a scraping of the intrauterine cavity, laparoscopy, dopplerography of the veins and capillaries, visits to other doctors (neurologist, surgeon, psychiatrist).

In addition, the patient is required to continuously keep a diary and calendar of the menstrual cycle.

It is necessary to record the symptoms, duration, and even volumes of discharge. These records will help the gynecologist determine the stage and complexity of the disease. According to the results of the examination, "algomenorrhea" is often diagnosed. Therapeutic measures are associated with the complexity of the diagnosis.

What to do with pain on the first day of menstruation?

Here are some ways to eliminate soreness on the initial and subsequent days, provided that the ailment is mild:

• drinking more fluids;
• make active movements (physical activity relieves spasms);
• water procedures with warm water;
• taking quality pain relievers.

But when there is a pronounced soreness at the beginning of menstruation, there is simply no strength to get out of bed, you should immediately contact a specialist. Such conditions indicate significant problems in the reproductive sphere.

Be that as it may, with uncomfortable critical days, it is best to visit a gynecologist.

How to reduce pain during menstruation?

To minimize pain before, during and after menstruation contribute to:

1. Foods rich in potassium and calcium. Deficiency of these substances provokes tension and pain;
2. Surgery or gynecological treatment of reproductive organs;
3. Medicines;
4. Alternative medicine and physical activity

When is it necessary to see a doctor?

All women, without exception, should be aware of situations where it is dangerous self-treatment severe pain manifestations in the lower abdomen:

A similar picture of symptoms speaks of serious diseases in the genitourinary and reproductive areas, these include: tumors, polyps, infectious and pathological development, as well as oncology of the uterus.

Consequences of painful periods

According to natural physiology, the endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus, every month it is replaced by a new mucosa. Getting rid of obsolete tissue is carried out through uterine contractions, and as a result, compression of sensitive nerve fibers and narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels appear.

This is what causes pain during menstruation. Pain involves the lumbar and sacrum. The manifestation of dysmenorrhea in time is characterized by the beginning and the first couple of days of critical days.

Painful periods are not normal. The above ailments are sometimes aggravated by a high degree of manifestation. In the case when the cycle is not broken, there are no prominent signs, discomfort is short-lived. If the pain does not leave, appropriate treatment is necessary.

Treatment

The most acceptable way is to use any medicine with an analgesic effect. However, aspirin and all aspirin-containing tablets should not be taken.

Antispasmodics

Almost all doctors prescribe antispasmodics to eliminate menstrual manifestations, with the following name:

• "Analgin",
• "No-Shpa",
• Spazmalgon,
• "Baralgin",
• "Ketanov" ("Ketorol"),
• "Nimesil",
• "Ibuprofen".

ibuprofen

No-Shpa

Analgin

Baralgin

Ketanov

Nimesil

Spazmalgon

suppositories

Today, suppositories for rectal and vaginal use are also widely used. Candles do not have age restrictions, and if uncomfortable manifestations occur, they are used during menstruation.

Paracetamol in suppositories is the main active substance. By imitating the properties of analgin and due to the anti-inflammatory action, this method qualitatively removes all unpleasant symptoms menses.

Many gynecologists prescribe the following topical suppositories:

• "Efferalgan",
• "Ibuprofen"
• "Diclofenac",
• "Paracetamol".

diclofenac

Efferalgan

ibuprofen

Paracetamol

Since each medicine has contraindications, before using suppositories, it is not superfluous to consult a doctor.

other methods

To eliminate pain during menstruation, you can take:

With the aim of drug treatment, the gynecologist recommends radically changing your own habits, including eating, resting and starting sports, for further painless critical days.

Non-drug treatment

healthy diet

The manifestation of the painful syndrome is influenced by food during women's days.

It works well to include the following foods in your diet:

• sea ​​fish meat,
• sunflower oil and seeds
• peanuts, as well as walnuts, almonds,
• fatty and semi-fatty fish.

All these types of food have omega-3 fatty acids, which help to weaken muscle contractions.

The additional intake of calcium and magnesium works in a similar way. The daily intake of these elements is 800 and 300 mg, respectively.

Green vegetables, dairy products, dried fruits, legumes and cereals contain a lot of magnesium.

There are also products that stimulate the onset of pain during menstruation, by spasmodizing smooth muscle tissue reproductive organ:

• Peppered sauces
• fried foods
• Caffeine
• Alcohol

Physical activity

Minor physical activity is very beneficial during menstruation. Motor loads form a normal metabolism, which in turn has a positive effect on the pain background.

Quite significantly reduce ailments - walking, walking in the fresh air, simple cardio.

Relaxation Techniques

Nervousness and bad mood at times increase the degree of pain.

In such cases, several ways to relax can help.

It is only necessary to abstract a little from current problems, settle down with your favorite pastime or business, allow yourself a little relaxation and unloading.

Yoga classes can help with this.

Gestagens

Gestagens are essentially a group of hormones synthesized in the human body.

These enzymes stimulate the growth of new endometrial cells in the uterine cavity, relieve tension from the smooth muscle corset of the reproductive organ, and create all the optimal conditions for the synthesis of estrogen.

In addition, they are directly related to the process of fertilization and their insufficiency can result in the inability to have offspring, interruptions in the cycle of critical days, spontaneous childbirth (miscarriage).

In order to prevent initial dysmenorrhea, hormones with active progesterone are applicable, similar to natural enzymes. In such drugs, the main task is to reduce the presence of prostaglandin in the blood, and normalize the cycle of critical days.

The current gestagenic medicines are significantly different from their counterparts of the late twentieth century, now they are more effective and safe, and have practically no contraindications.

Oral contraceptives (COCs)

Hormonal contraceptives are very common for initial dysmenorrhea, especially in women of sexually active age.

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are considered the most effective in this sense, they contain an imitation of the hormone estrogen.

The principle of their activity is aimed at inhibiting the ovulation process, because of this, there is a decrease in the amount of prostaglandins, and painful syndrome disappears.

In addition, there is a decrease in pressure inside the uterine cavity and the frequency and strength of the contractile tension of smooth muscles slows down, which provides pain relief.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

With the existing contraindications and simply unwillingness to take hormone-based contraceptives, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be completely dispensed with. NSAIDs are characterized by pain-eliminating qualities; they are prescribed for use precisely when painful ailments appear.

These drugs work by analogy with the above, NSAIDs minimize the presence of prostaglandins, the root causes of pain, in the blood. Medicines of this group are instantly absorbed in the digestive tract, and have an effect for 5.6 hours.

The most common names for the NVPS group are:

• Aspirin,
• ibuprofen
• Ketoprofen,
• proxicam,
• Diclofenac.

Aspirin

diclofenac

ibuprofen

Ketoprofen

Piroxicam

Numerous trials conducted to eliminate initial dysmenorrhea through NVPP have shown that naproxen, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and aspirin show great results in the fight against initial dysmenorrhea, but ibuprofen among them, it ranks first in terms of the minimum degree side effects.

Folk remedies for pain during menstruation

In this context, various recipes from herbs and roots are very relevant.

Prevention

Preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of manifestations of dysmenorrhea are difficult to overestimate, but most of the fair sex simply does not use them.

Every woman must visit a specialist once a year.

The initial examination by a gynecologist should be carried out immediately after the established date of the menstrual cycle, but no later than 16 years of age and with the absence of any negative evidence from the girl.

inflammation various etiologies, depressing normal processes in the genitourinary system, it is strictly required to cure in order to avoid complications in the future. This behavior eliminates the possibility of difficulties in the critical days of dysmenorrhea.

Still nulliparous girls, it is strictly forbidden to use spirals for the purpose of contraception. Most gynecologists do not recommend that women use this method of protection and contraception, since it contributes to painful manifestations during menstruation, in addition, it leads to the prospect of the formation of inflammatory pathologies of the genitourinary and reproductive sphere.

Since abortion often leads to mechanical disruption of the uterine mucosa and has a negative effect on a woman's hormonal parameters and her menstrual function, it is best to use high-quality medicines to prevent fertilization.

It is also very important to carry out preventive measures for painful women's days to exclude such severe pathologies as the impossibility of conception, the appearance of neurosis and psychosis due to systematic pain.

When a woman's menstrual period is complicated by pronounced pains, self-medication becomes irrelevant. Seeking a specialist in such a circumstance is very necessary. Through even simple blood tests or a smear, an ultrasound examination, a gynecologist identifies the root causes and determines the method of therapy.

Pain during menstruation can be triggered by several reasons, which may relate to pathological processes in a woman's body or be her feature. Only a specialist who first examines the patient and then prescribes tests and ultrasound can identify the exact cause of discomfort during menstruation. Until the exact cause of the pain is clarified, you can use various techniques and medicines that can normalize the patient's condition.

If the pain is still tolerable, or if you simply do not want to use medicines, you can try to eliminate pain using non-drug methods.

1. Taking a warm bath with aromatic oils will help you relax and relieve stress. Warm water will ease the soreness of the lower abdomen. The procedure should not be taken with heavy bleeding. Orange, rosemary, lavender, and sandalwood are great relaxing oils.
2. A warm compress on the abdomen will also have a bath-like effect. It should be applied to the pubic area and just above it. Keep a warm compress for a maximum of 15 minutes.
3. There is a pose in Pilates that is very useful for relieving menstrual pain. To do this, a woman needs to lie face down on a hard surface. Then she needs to clasp her legs with her hands, lifting them above her back. The chest also rises. The figure forms a kind of oval. In this position, you should fix for 30-60 seconds. You can repeat the exercise an unlimited number of times.
4. If there are no contraindications, sexual intercourse can also be a salvation in the presence of pain. It causes a strong flow of blood to the genitals, and orgasm causes rhythmic contractions of the uterus, after which it relaxes. But during sexual intercourse during menstruation, it is imperative to use a barrier method of contraception. The cervix is ​​very sensitive and ajar, so it is easy to bring an infection into it.
5. To disperse blood, it is also useful to drink 50 ml of red wine, but no more. Wherein alcoholic drink must be of good quality.

Attention! When eliminating pain with heat, the time of the procedure should be controlled. It is impossible to warm a sick stomach during menstruation for more than 10-15 minutes, since a longer exposure will cause increased bleeding.

Fast-acting drugs for stomach pain

A powerful pain reliever that is not addictive and is able to suppress the most severe and prolonged pain. Available in the form of tablets and injections, the latter are used during menstruation only as a last resort. For the treatment of adult patients, it is recommended to take 10 mg of the active substance every 6 hours; with severe pain, Ketanov can be drunk every 4 hours. If pain syndrome so pronounced that it is difficult for a woman to move, and there is confusion, you can immediately drink 20 mg tablets. It is strictly forbidden to drink more than 90 mg of the active substance per day. Do not drink with kidney pathologies. Treat no more than three days.

Shows a quick effect within 5-10 minutes after ingestion. Belongs to the non-steroidal group, the main active substance is nimesulide. Available in several pharmacological forms, tablets are prescribed during menstruation. The dosage of Nise for women is one tablet twice in the morning and evening. In a serious condition of the patient, you can take four tablets in 24 hours, which is equal to 400 mg of nimesulide. Nise can not be used for menstruation for more than 3-5 days.

According to the manufacturer, these pills are designed specifically for women and show the desired effect in the first minutes after taking. The main active ingredient of Nurofen Express Lady is ibuprofen, which also has a general stimulating effect on the body. The drug does not eliminate the very cause of pain, but simply blocks the production pain signals. accept these female pills allowed from 12 years old. The dosage is one tablet every 8 hours. It is strictly forbidden to take more than 3 doses of the active ingredient in one day.

Fast-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Drink the selected dose should be at the same time with food or immediately after it, in order to reduce the negative impact on gastrointestinal tract. The dosage of the active substance is 100 mg of Nimulid no more than twice a day. The ideal interval for taking the drug is 12 hours. With faster intake, there is a risk of problems with internal organs. The duration of therapy is a maximum of 5 days. Take with great caution in case of kidney problems.

Attention! The described medicines are also among the most powerful painkillers. Therefore, they should not be taken for mild pain, as they can cause severe side effects.

Cheap medicines for menstrual pain

Refers to fast-acting antispasmodics. It is taken for moderate and mild pain, provoked by contraction of smooth muscles. The main active ingredient of the drug is metamizole, the action of which is supported by pitophenone. Spazgan should be taken one hour after eating no more than two tablets at a time. For a day, even with severe pain syndrome, more than 8 doses of the active substance are not consumed. The medication is taken no more than 4-5 days.

An Indian drug that can quickly relax the uterine organ and prevent its painful contractions. Taken required to be taken after meals, the ideal interval is 1-2 hours after a meal. The composition of the drug also includes metamizole, but the tablets are more powerful than Spazgan. Assign medicinal product should be from the age of 14, two tablets no more than three times a day. With a moderate pain syndrome, you should not drink more than 3 tablets per day. Girls under 14 years old should take 1 tablet 2 times a day. Reception Brala can be carried out for 3-5 days.

Also an Indian drug of combined analgesic and antispasmodic effects. It has a noticeable result within 30 minutes after use, is available in the form of tablets and injections. For menstrual pain, it is recommended to choose the tablet form of Revalgin. The dosage of the drug is 1 tablet up to 6 times in 24 hours with the same interval. For severe pain, you can take 2 doses at once three times a day. The course of treatment is no more than five days.

The main active ingredient of this effective remedy is ibuprofen, which has a mild effect on the patient. It can reduce the temperature, so when taking the drug with normal indicators power loss may occur. It will pass immediately after the normalization of body temperature. Mig should be taken one tablet at a time, which is equal to 400 mg of the active ingredient. For mild pain, you can take half a single dose. A maximum of 1.2 g of the active substance can be taken per day. Instead of Miga, you can take Ibuprofen or Ibufen, they are in the same price category and are taken according to the same scheme. Accept medicine followed by no more than five days.

Attention! The given drugs at an affordable cost belong to the first or second generation, which can cause side effects in a larger number of patients. But subject to doses and rules of use, their probability is minimal.

The average cost of medicines for pain during menstruation

Attention! When buying the described drugs, their cost in a pharmacy may vary due to different forms and doses of the active substance. The price may also differ due to different manufacturing plants. Original medicines are usually several times more expensive than generics. Prices are displayed in national currencies.

Traditional medicine for menstrual pain

Rue and buckthorn

To prepare the solution, mix the herbal part of the rue and the root part of the buckthorn in a 1: 1 ratio. Grind the ingredients and take 1 teaspoon of the mixture. It is poured with 200-250 ml of boiling water and kept for 20 minutes under the lid. After insisting, all the thick must be removed through cheesecloth. Take the resulting solution should be between meals during the day. You can use the infusion throughout all menstruation.

herbal decoction

In the same amount, the herbal part of lemon balm, cinquefoil, as well as valerian and buckthorn roots should be mixed. All components are well mixed and crushed. Treatment should be taken before the onset of menstruation for 3 three days. This will avoid pain during menstruation. For preparation, a teaspoon of herbs is taken and 200 ml of boiling water is poured. Treatment should be taken 3 times a day, 150 ml.

Video - Exercises to reduce pain during the menstrual cycle

Marigolds and Melissa

These components must also be mixed in equal proportions. Take 1-1.5 teaspoons of the mixture per glass of water. It is recommended to infuse herbs under a tight lid for 30 minutes. After that, you should take a strained infusion throughout the day. The duration of treatment is 5 days. With longer periods, you can drink marigolds and lemon balm for 7-8 days. For greater effect, valerian rhizomes can be added to the solution, they should also be taken in the same proportion with other herbs.

Attention! Home remedies and pills should be supported proper diet. A woman is recommended to eat more vegetables and fruits, take vitamins, Calcium D3 Nycomed and Magnesium B6 are especially useful. This combination will prevent painful contraction of the uterus, and will also be a good prevention of anemia.

If menstruation has become painful, clots have appeared, the nature of the discharge has changed, you should immediately apply for medical care, since the reason may wear dangerous character. In the event that pain accompanies a woman from her first menstruation, it is better to make sure that the hormonal level is normal and that there are no possible pathologies of the reproductive system. In some cases, after a short course of therapy, it is possible to put the patient on her feet and save her from unbearable pain and discomfort during menstruation. read on our website.

Video - Painful menstruation

Minasyan Margarita

Approximately 70% of the female half of the population experience pain during menstruation. In each individual case, discomfort has a different intensity and concomitant symptoms. The article will help you understand in which cases discomfort is considered the norm, and when diagnostics and subsequent treatment are necessary.

Dysmenorrhea

Characterized by dysmenorrhea (algodysmenorrhea, algomenorrhea) painful menstruation, which may be present all day or the entire period of menstruation. In some patients, malaise begins a few days before menstruation, but is not a symptom of PMS.

The risk group is girls and women aged 13 to 45 years. Due to the individual characteristics of the organism, sensations manifest themselves in different ways. By their localization and additional symptoms, the cause of the violation can be identified. But treatment is selected only after a comprehensive examination.

It is important to contact specialists in a timely manner, because painful contractions in the lower abdomen, tingling of the lower back can indicate serious gynecological diseases. And such violations are easier to eliminate in the early stages of development.

Classification of dysmenorrhea

There are two forms of the disease: primary (functional) and secondary (acquired). If the functional form of the disorder is almost never associated with gynecological pathologies, then acquired dysmenorrhea indicates negative changes in the pelvic organs and diseases not only of the reproductive system, but also of other organs.

primary form

Pain syndrome is noted in a teenager girl in the first three years of the formation of the menstrual cycle. Painful periods are inherently not dangerous and do not indicate an independent gynecological disease.

Primary algomenorrhea does not always occur with the first menstruation. Sometimes severe symptoms begin to appear only with the onset of ovulatory cycles. These sensations do not affect performance and do not cause much concern. The following clinical picture is noted:

• menstruation is normal (slight delays);
• the pains are weak, most often aching, but not cutting;
• no need to take painkillers;
• no additional symptoms.

Among the causes of pain during menstruation in primary dysmenorrhea, it is worth highlighting:

• anomalies in the development of the genital organs;
• violation hormonal background;
• increased production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes;
• neurological disorders.

With menstruation, severe pain is not the only complaint of patients with functional algomenorrhea. Other problems complete the picture:

• mitral valve prolapse;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• myopia;
• scoliosis;
• flat feet.

secondary form

The diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea is most often made by women aged 25-30 years, when the onset of a symptom during critical days is provoked by diseases or pathological changes in the structure of the organs of the reproductive system.

In most cases, nulliparous women or girls who have terminated their pregnancy several times are at risk. But after childbirth, the situation often improves, and problems with menstruation go away on their own.

Acquired dysmenorrhea is characterized by the following features:

1. Aching pain before menstruation, almost not felt.
2. The maximum intensity falls on the second or third day of the cycle.
3. Spasms are noted systematically, the stomach is missing.
4. Suddenly begins to pull and whine during physical exertion.

Additional symptoms include:

• general weakness and dizziness;
• nausea and vomiting;
• liquid stool;
• problems with heart rhythm;
• increased sweating;
• pain in the joints and muscles of the whole body;
• psycho-emotional problems;
• elevated body temperature;
• scanty or heavy periods.

If, over the years, minor discomfort turns into very painful menstruation, then the disease is called decompensated. With stable clinical picture(pain with the same intensity) dysmenorrhea is compensated.

When pain during menstruation is not dangerous

Pain is considered a normal physiological phenomenon in the following situations:

• the formation of the female cycle (1-2 years after the first bleeding);
• single painful sensations (several days not in every month);
• discomfort caused by external factors.

Among the relatively benign causes of pain during menstruation are:

• malnutrition (lack of vitamins);
• great physical activity;
• emotional overstrain;
• decreased tone of the uterine muscles;
• inactive lifestyle;
• postpartum recovery.

Pain often goes away if a woman improves her diet, avoids stressful situations and begins to play sports. But still, the usual gynecological examination and ultrasound will not interfere. Because systematic stress, constant fatigue often become the basis for the development of hormonal disruptions.

Intensity and nature of pain

Unpleasant sensations can be localized anywhere. It often hurts in the abdomen, gives to the perineal area, the back area and organs that are located in the small pelvis. By the nature of the pain are:

• aching;
• stabbing;
• jerking;
• cutting;
• sharp;
• cramping.

Women choose different words to describe their feelings. If for someone the pain during menstruation is hellish, unbearable, terrible, wildest, then others because of the high pain threshold note only minor cramps and tingling.

According to these sensations, it is very difficult to independently determine the cause that caused the pain syndrome, so it is better to visit a gynecologist.

Degrees of dysmenorrhea

Before deciding what to do with painful periods, you need to accurately determine the severity of algomenorrhea:

1. Zero. Discomfort is not pronounced, does not interfere with daily activities, easy physical activity. It is noted only in the first days of the cycle.
2. Light. There are slight contractions that radiate to the stomach and lower back. There are accompanying symptoms in the form of depression, indigestion. Sometimes painkillers are needed, but in small quantities.
3. Average. The main symptom is a decrease in daily activities and pain relief at home with the help of pills. The condition is sometimes accompanied by weakness, chills, emotional instability.
4. Heavy. Painkillers no longer help. The situation is aggravated even before menstruation. During the discharge, in addition to severe pain, vomiting occurs, and loss of consciousness is also possible. In rare cases, urgent hospitalization is required.

In most cases, the ailments that caused dysmenorrhea worsen, so the pain becomes stronger. With a zero and mild degree of pathology, there are no or are on initial stage development. Moderate and severe degrees indicate more serious violations in the work of the genital organs.

When to See a Doctor

Over time, stronger discomfort may begin. In this case, you should definitely contact a gynecologist. Especially if the following symptoms are present:

• soreness begins before menstruation;
• the duration of discomfort increases;
• there is a cramping nature of pain;
• discomfort spreads to other organs (ovaries, bladder);
• symptoms are noted in each cycle;
• body temperature rises.

After taking painkillers, it should become easier, but only for a while. Menstrual pain will continue to interfere with a normal life and work. Therefore, it is in the interests of the woman herself to seek medical help so that the situation does not worsen.

Diagnostics

Only by the pain, the nature of the discharge and the accompanying symptoms is it difficult to make a diagnosis on your own. Therefore, a woman needs to go to the hospital, tell the doctor what she drank and describe her problems.

After a gynecological examination, the specialist will prescribe:

• general blood test and hormones;
• Analysis of urine;
• smears;
• dopplerography of vessels.

Usually still required to visit:

• neuropathologist;
• endocrinologist;
• vascular surgeon.

Sick women are afraid of such a diagnosis. But the more complete the picture of analyzes and examinations, the more likely it is to give an accurate explanation of the ongoing processes.

What causes dysmenorrhea

Causes of severe pain during menstruation:

• problems with hormones;
• insufficiency of the luteal phase;
• endometriosis;
• uterine fibroids;
• use of an intrauterine device;
• a consequence of abortion;
• inflammation of the uterus and its appendages;
• infectious disease of the reproductive system;
• salpingitis;
• endometritis;
• adhesions;
• phlebeurysm;
• traumatic rupture of the uterine ligaments;
• anomaly in the position of the uterus;
• genital tuberculosis.

How to fix the problem

The treatment of painful periods is based on the causes that provoked discomfort at the beginning of the cycle. Without eliminating the disease, the pain syndrome can be temporarily drowned out with pills, but it will definitely return next month with renewed vigor.

You can reduce pain by taking:

• antispasmodics;
• analgesics;
• NSAIDs.

If doctors have established that discomfort is a consequence of hormonal failure, then the woman needs to undergo drug correction:

• Light, medium degree - Duphaston, Utrozhestan.
• Severe degree - Lindinet 20.

Read about how it goes in one of our articles.

But hormones should not be taken without a doctor's prescription.

Similar problems are also treated with physiotherapeutic methods, after which the restorative-compensatory functions of the body are accelerated:

• nitrogen, coniferous baths;
• brain galvanization;
• ultratonotherapy;
• electrical stimulation of the cervix;
• heliotherapy.

Physiotherapy is contraindicated if the patient has pain due to inflammatory processes, neoplasms and other diseases of the genital organs.

These women are allowed:

• classical massage;
• acupuncture;
• can therapy;
• applicator Kuznetsov;
• SPA treatments.

Additional measures:

• gymnastics;
• physical exercise;
• taking vitamin complexes;
• traditional medicine recipes.

Terrible and wild pain, tingling and spasms require special injections to alleviate the condition. Most likely, the woman is hospitalized for diagnostic and therapeutic measures.

Elimination of pain in accordance with the day of menstruation

In most situations, discomfort occurs only on the first day of menstruation. In severe cases, discomfort begins even before menstruation, and stops a few days after the end of monthly bleeding. And here you can not do without medical help.

But at home, girls need to know what to do with severe pain during menstruation on the first day. You need to act according to the type of sensations and their intensity.

Able to help:

• painkillers (no more than three tablets);
• heating pad on the lower abdomen;
• sedatives;
• bed rest (it is better not to walk at all);
• relaxing massage;
• herbal tincture based on melissa and mint;
• room ventilation.

If, during menstruation, cramping pains do not go away after such actions, then it is better to consult a gynecologist. It is not excluded the occurrence of pain shock, which is dangerous for the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Shock can occur abruptly and against the background of severe bleeding. Well, if a woman immediately asked for help. Indeed, in the opposite situation, there is a serious threat to life.

Prevention

To prevent and , you must:

• timely visit a gynecologist;
• several times a year to be checked for infectious diseases;
• do not use an intrauterine device;
• avoid mechanical damage to the uterine mucosa (abortion).

According to the reviews of women, it is clear that the main rule for preventing dysmenorrhea is healthy lifestyle life:

• complete rest;
• optimal daily routine;
• active walks in the fresh air (at least two hours a day);
• swimming, aerobics;
• protected sex;
• special diets;
• drinking at least 1.5 liters of water per day;
• giving up cigarettes and alcohol;
• exclusion of stressful situations;
• herbal tea and aromatherapy.

Causes that cause aching, grasping, sharp pains against the backdrop of regulations, a lot. It is necessary to eliminate the violation, and not stop the pain. Therefore, do an examination in the hospital to get the advice of a specialist. It is they who will help get rid of severe pain during menstruation and prevent their occurrence in the future.

Anna Mironova

Reading time: 14 minutes

A A

Many women are familiar with such symptoms of impending or onset menstruation as soreness in the chest area, bad mood, loss of strength, irritability and pain in the lower abdomen. Usually these days the work is not going well, and the mood is such that even household members try to catch the eye less often.

What experts say about painful periods, and how to relieve this pain ?

Why does the stomach hurt during menstruation - the main causes of pain during menstruation

Every woman (with rare exceptions) experiences before or during menstruation least discomfort. The main complaint is abdominal pain.


Why is this happening?

First of all, don't panic : if there are no accompanying "signals", and menstruation is not knocked out of the framework outlined by doctors, then there is nothing to worry about. The natural physiological process (monthly rejection and release of the inner layer of the uterus, which, when contracting, causes pain) does not require an urgent visit to the doctors.

Painful periods have a name - algomenorrhea:

• Primary algomenorrhea. Increased contractile activity of the myometrium by tissue hormones and, as a result, cramping pain and vasospasm. It is peculiar to women 16-25 years old. Symptoms include nausea, headaches, upset stools and soreness in the lower abdomen a day or two before menstruation and in the first two days of menstruation. Pathological changes in the pelvic organs is not observed. Typically, the level of soreness decreases after childbirth and with age.
• Secondary algomenorrhea. In this case, there are any pathologies of the pelvic organs, and the pain becomes a symptom of anatomical changes in the uterus.

TO causes of painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), not associated with diseases of the female reproductive system, include:

• Sex hormone imbalance (progesterone, which promotes uterine contraction, and prostaglandin, the excess of which increases the force of contraction of the uterine muscles), excessive thyroid activity.
• Intrauterine device and other contraceptives.
• High sensitivity to changes in the body.
• An ill-positioned uterus.
• Excitability nervous system.
• Pain as a result of childbirth or.
• Lack of proper physical activity.
• Heredity.
• Calcium or magnesium deficiency.
• Wrong nutrition. Read also:

If the pain during menstruation is of a short-term nature, the level of pain is tolerable, and there is no need to postpone everyday activities, then everything is fine, and there is no reason to panic .

10 best recipes - how to get rid of pain during menstruation

Reduce the level of pain during menstruation (provided there is no serious problems with women's health) traditional folk methods can help:

1. Dry heat, massage and relaxation
   Heat will help relax the uterus and reduce the force of its contractions, a gentle massage of the abdomen (strictly clockwise) will relax the muscles.
   
   
2. Painkiller
   1-2 tablets of no-shpy will help relieve spasms. With severe pain, ibuprofen, spasmalgon or ketonal will help to cope. For pain caused by overexcitation of the nervous system (stress, etc.), a simple sedative can help - even ordinary valerian.
3. Oral contraceptives
   IN birth control pills contains hormones that contribute to the normalization of hormonal levels. These pills are very effective for relieving abdominal pain and other "effects" of menstruation. Of course, without consulting a gynecologist, you should not start taking it.
   
   
4. Physical exercise
   Of course, we are not talking about shock loads and, moreover, not about exercises for the press, but tilts, body rotations, light stretching are quite suitable. Pilates and yoga, which involve working on muscle tone, are also excellent pain relievers.
5. Compresses and baths
   For example, a bath sea ​​salt(taken before and after menstruation for 15-20 minutes, daily). Sitz baths (contrasting) before the onset of menstruation and compresses during menstruation are also suitable. after a bath or contrast shower dress warmly and lie down for at least an hour.
6. Herbal teas, infusions, decoctions
   Such remedies include chamomile and mint tea (you can add honey), parsley or sorrel, mineral water, tansy, acorns, strawberries, angelica, etc.
   
   
7. Massage
   Lumbar massage will help relieve spasms. It is desirable, with someone's help, although you can do it yourself. Put two tennis balls in two socks, lie on them with your back so that the balls are at the level of the lower ribs on both sides of the spine. Gently press them with your back and lightly roll the balls with your muscles.
8. Essential oils
   Before menstruation and the first days, you can rub a mixture of essential oils in the sacral region, as well as in the lower abdomen. Ingredients: St. John's wort oil (50 ml), marjoram (5 caps), clary sage (4 caps), yarrow (5 caps). Rub a couple of times a day. Before the procedure, conduct an allergy test by smearing the mixture a little, for example, on the elbows. Itching or redness is a sign of an allergy.
9. Swimming
   The most useful and least traumatic way to relieve pain. The main benefits are the release of endorphins (a natural pain reliever), muscle relaxation.
10. Cold on the stomach
    Freezing pain is one of the most effective methods. An ice pack should be placed on the stomach (only in a towel and over clothes!) For 15 minutes, no more.
    
    

Some women constantly experience cramping pain during menstruation, which they perceive as a familiar symptom of menstruation. But, normally, this physiological process should not be accompanied by pain and discomfort, the appearance of cramping soreness indicates that not everything is in order with the female reproductive sphere. Consider the main causes of pain during menstruation.

Sections of the article

1. Non-infectious inflammation

Adnexitis, endometritis, adenomyosis and some other non-infectious diseases of the reproductive sphere may hardly bother a woman at the usual time, and during menstruation they manifest as cramping pains in the lower abdomen.

Causes

Causes pain during menstruation Moderate uterine contractions necessary for the expulsion of blood and particles of the torn epithelium of the inner wall reproductive organ.

An additional provoking factor in pain during menstruation is the natural fluctuations of the hormonal background, taking into account the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Symptoms

During menstruation, cramping pains give:

• in the lower back;
• in the groin

The intensity of painful manifestations is different. "Contractions" during menstruation can be moderate, and can cause almost unbearable pain.

In addition to pain discomfort, menstruation is accompanied by profuse bleeding.

Therapy

Treatment gynecological pathologies should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the nature of the inflammatory process. And to alleviate the condition during menstruation, it is recommended to drink antispasmodics.:

• Spazgan;
• Papaverine;
• Drotaverin.

If it hurts unbearably or there is heavy bleeding, you should call an ambulance.

Which doctor treats

Gynecologists deal with pathologies of the female reproductive sphere.

2. Miscarriage

Rejection of the fetal egg is not always possible to determine, often a spontaneous abortion is perceived as the beginning of menstruation and a woman loses a child without knowing that she was pregnant.

Causes

Attachment of the fetal egg occurs with the help of the chorion (placental embryo) and in the first days after implantation, the embryo is not well attached to the wall of the reproductive organ. Can provoke rejection of the embryo:

• stress;
• overwork;
• carrying heavy bags;
• straining with constipation;
• bruises of the abdominal wall.

Sometimes rejection occurs for no apparent reason. Doctors suggest that in this way the body gets rid of a dead or non-viable embryo.

signs

Spontaneous abortion can be suspected by the nature of the appearance of pain:

1. Aching or pulling pain appears, radiating to the sacrum or coccyx. Lobar discomfort is accompanied by the appearance of spotting vaginal discharge.
2. Gradually, it starts to hurt more, contractions appear during menstruation. Cramping pains develop against the background of severe uterine bleeding.

If a woman always has cramping pain during menstruation, then a miscarriage may go unnoticed.

Treatment

Help with spontaneous abortion can only be in a hospital. If there the possibility of maintaining pregnancy, then prescribe drugs that relax the walls of the reproductive organ. In addition to the main therapy, a general strengthening course of taking vitamins is carried out.

If the embryo is completely torn off from the uterine wall, then doctors conduct an audit (preventive cleaning) of the genital organ to prevent complications that occur when the fetal egg is not completely released.

Who will help

If a spontaneous abortion is suspected, hospitalization in the gynecology department is indicated.

3. Ectopic pregnancy

The egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube, and then descends into the uterus and implants in the wall of the organ. But sometimes attachment does not occur in the uterus, but in an organ unsuitable for this - then an ectopic pregnancy occurs.

Causes

Difficulty in the passage of the fetal egg through the fallopian tubes can be caused by:

• obstruction;
• the presence of pathological narrowing;
• the unsuitability of the walls of the reproductive organ for the attachment of a fertilized egg (implantation occurs in the cervix).

Unable to gain a foothold in the reproductive organ, the fetal egg is introduced into the fallopian tube or uterine cervix, less often into other organs that are also unsuitable for bearing a child.

Symptoms

An ectopic pregnancy is characterized:

• cramping pains in the lower abdomen before menstruation;
• the appearance of heavy bleeding against the background of intensified contractions.

With tubal implantation, it additionally hurts on the right or left (at the site of attachment of the embryo).

Almost always, symptoms develop after a delay in menstruation and the woman already knows about the onset of pregnancy. But, unfortunately, with the help of the test it is possible to determine only the fertilization that has occurred, and not the place of the embryo's introduction, and during an external examination it is impossible to distinguish an ectopic pregnancy from a miscarriage.

Help

What to do, doctors decide in stationary conditions. The cervical implant comes out on its own under the supervision of doctors or is removed by cleaning the reproductive organ under local anesthesia.

With tubal insertion, spontaneous evacuation is not possible, and cramping pain can lead to rupture of the fallopian tube. In this case, an abdominal operation or endoscopic removal of the tube along with the embryo is performed.

Where to go

With heavy periods, accompanied by severe cramping pain, it is necessary to call an ambulance. The doctors will take you to the emergency department of the gynecological hospital.

4. Rejection of fibroids

A benign tumor on the leg, growing inside the uterus, can spontaneously be rejected.

Provoking factors

The main reason is considered: spontaneous detachment of the neoplasm, which occurs in some cases:

• when jumping from a great height;
• abdominal bruises;
• tension of the abdominal wall.

Detachment is possible only for small tumor formations. The risk of spontaneous rejection of fibroids increases during menstruation.

signs

At the "birth" of fibroids, pain occurs during menstruation, like contractions, and then the volume of bloody discharge from the vagina increases.

Rejection of the myoma node in symptoms is similar to a miscarriage, but the process ends with the release of a homogeneous formation.

After self-removal of the neoplasm, cramping pains lose their intensity and gradually pass, and the volume of bloody discharge decreases. If the bleeding does not decrease, then this may indicate damage to the vessels inside the uterus or internal ruptures.

Treatment

Regardless of what the result of the expulsion of the myoma formation is: the knot came out and the contractions stopped, or the process is actively continuing, the woman must be hospitalized. At the same time, the “born” neoplasm is also taken for subsequent cytological examination.

In stationary conditions, an ultrasound of the uterus is performed and the size of the detached tumor is determined - the treatment tactics depend on this. After receiving the necessary information under local anesthesia remove fibroids and conduct a revision of the uterus.

For bleeding from large vessels that cannot be stopped with curettage or cauterization, a surgical operation is indicated.

If the node has already left and the bloody discharge, as during menstruation or after childbirth, then the patient is left under observation and the examination is carried out as planned.

Who will help

The necessary assistance will be provided by doctors in the department of gynecological surgery.

What else provokes cramping pain during menstruation

Let's see what other causes of cramping pain during menstruation can be.:

• Intestinal diseases. Intestinal loops are located next to the uterus and the symptoms of organ pathology intensify during menstruation due to the fact that the genital organ begins to contract slightly. A characteristic feature is that cramping pains are accompanied by nausea, flatulence and other dyspeptic disorders.
• Scars or adhesions on the uterus. Due to abortions, gynecological diseases or surgical interventions cicatricial changes appear, so the walls of the reproductive organ cannot evenly contract during menstruation. This causes pain in the lower abdomen of a cramping nature.
• Individual pain sensitivity. Some girls have an increased reaction to pain and physiological contractions of the reproductive organ during menstruation begin to be perceived as cramping pain manifestations.
• Puberty. In girls, for 1-2 years from the beginning of the first menstruation, cramping pains may occur until the menstrual cycle is fully established.

The appearance of cramping pains almost always indicates the development of pathology. You should not ignore the symptoms that have arisen - this can lead to the development of complications.

What to do when cramping pains appear during menstruation

First of all, assess your condition:

• Pain intensity. If it hurts during menstruation, then immediate medical attention is required.
• The nature of menstrual bleeding. Abundant bloody issues during menstruation, they can talk about a miscarriage or uterine bleeding. If cramping pains intensify, then hospitalization is required.
• When it started hurting. If painful cramping sensations appear during menstruation regularly for several years, then this may be a sign of a hidden chronic process of the reproductive sphere or an incorrectly installed intrauterine device. emergency assistance not required, but an examination by a gynecologist is necessary.
• The duration of pain. If it hurts throughout the entire menstruation and moderate pain persists after menstruation, then this is an alarming sign that requires attention.

The appearance of cramping pain during menstruation, with rare exceptions, indicates pathological process. Turning to gynecologists will help make menstruation less painful and maintain women's health.