Bones grow rapidly during childhood. However, the blood supply to these areas of bone growth is sometimes interrupted. Penner's disease occurs when the blood supply to the entire brachial condyle is interrupted. When cells within the growth cartilage of the humeral condyle die, the surrounding bone softens and decomposes, causing the rounded end of the humeral condyle to flatten.

Because bones usually go through a continuous process of remodeling, old cells are reabsorbed into the bone and new cells begin to form and re-grow cartilage within weeks or months. Over time, through a process called remodeling, the original rounded shape returns to the brachial condyle.

Doctors don't fully understand why some children get Panner's disease, but many believe the disease is hereditary. This is usually due to excessive and repetitive use of the elbow, which is under pressure and is forced during this period rapid growth bones. This overuse can result from participation in activities that involve throwing objects or applying heavy pressure to the joints, such as baseball and gymnastics. These mild and repetitive injuries cause the area to swell and irritate, which causes pain.

The main symptom of Panner's disease is Blunt pain around the outside of the elbow, near the humeral condyle. Typically, the pain gets worse when you do an activity, like throwing a ball, and it gets better when you rest. Children may also experience the following.

Insensitivity to touch swelling to fully expand the elbow inability to fully rotate the arm. Symptoms usually appear unexpectedly and may not be related to any specific event or trauma. The duration can be from several weeks to several months.

To determine if a child has Panner's disease, the doctor will first gather some information; to do this, he will ask about the age of the child, his activity, participation in sports events and his dominant group. He will press on and around the elbow to see if it causes pain. He will also ask the child to move his arm in certain directions to see how well he can move it and if the movement causes pain.

The doctor will likely give x-rays of the elbow to see if there are abnormalities and confirm the diagnosis. An x-ray allows the doctor to see the shape of the humeral condyle, which may be flat. In addition, they can show that the growth cartilage has an irregular or fragmented appearance and reveals areas where bone resorption occurs.

It is possible that some physicians use magnetic resonance imaging studies to more detailed analysis bones and assessment of the degree of swelling. Because the bones supply blood and repair themselves, most children with Panner's disease require very little treatment. The immediate goal is to relieve pain, and The best way to do this is to leave the injured elbow alone. This may include not participating in certain sports and sports until the elbow has healed.

Rest should help greatly relieve pain and swelling and gradually restore motion to the elbow. The doctor will monitor the recovery and determine when the child will start playing sports again. In general, children do not need to play sports for a long time.

The doctor may also recommend the following. Apply an ice pack or rub on the elbow to relieve pain and swelling, do physical therapy, especially if the child has difficulty folding and stretching the arms take an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve pain and swelling, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Note. Children should not be prescribed aspirin for pain relief due to the risk of a very serious condition called Reye's syndrome.

If rest does not relieve pain, the doctor may recommend that the child wear a cast or splint around the entire arm to immobilize the elbow and allow it to heal. The child can use the cast for 3-4 weeks until the pain, swelling and tenderness subsides.

While recovery sometimes takes time, most children with Panner's disease are completely cured without any problems in the future. Over time, the child's bones mature, the brachial condyle grows back into its original shape, and pain and other symptoms usually disappear completely.

However, in some cases, children suffering from Panner's disease continue to have trouble expanding their arms fully even after treatment. Silva, Luis Claudio Lopez Correia da Roncati, Neymar Wanderlei Zoppa, Andre Luis do Valle de. Surgical treatment of osteochondrosis dissections in horses: a retrospective and critical analysis.

Articulation Arthroscopy Equine osteochondral fragment Osteochondrosis. Osteochondrosis is one of the major developmental orthopedic diseases affecting horses and is commonly defined as a failure in the process of endochondral ossification. Unfortunately, its mechanisms are not well defined, but genetic predisposition, imbalance or excess nutrition, endocrine factors, and biomechanical forces acting on the joints are thought to be involved in a multifactorial etiology. One of the manifestations of osteochondrosis is the dissection of osteochondrosis, when, after the interruption of the ossification process, the chondrocyte colonies are disrupted and the basal layer necrosis occurs, generating an area of ​​fragility where biomechanical forces can lead to the separation of cartilage fragments or osteochondral.

Usually the lesion develops in the first year of life, but clinical signs may appear later or even go unnoticed. Within clinical signs the most common is joint effusion, which may or may not be associated with lameness. Although there are several forms of treatment, most authors recommend surgical removal with arthroscopy as it has a higher success rate with better functional and aesthetic results. There are diverging works in relation to the prognosis and when these animals should undergo surgery.

In order to answer these doubts and present the results obtained with surgical treatment in the medium and long term, this work was carried out. The lesions mainly affected animals under four years of age, during the pretreatment phase or during dressing, with most of them showing no clinical signs or lameness associated with joint effusion. Most of the lesions were located at the tibita-arsal joint, and in this joint the most affected site was the intermediate tibial crest.

After the surgical procedure, 72% of the animals presented no clinical signs, and improvement was more significant in 3 and 4 year olds, and little improvement was achieved in lameness in animals over 6 years old. Surgical treatment of osteochondrosis dissections in horses: a retrospective study and critical analysis.

Arthroscopy End articular osteochondrosis. Osteochondrosis is the main development of an orthopedic disease affecting horses and is usually defined as a failure in endochondral ossification. Unfortunately, its mechanisms have not been determined, but it is believed to be a multifactorial etiology associated with genetic predisposition, nutritional imbalance or excess, endocrine factors, and biomechanical forces acting on the joints. Osteochondrosis dissecans, one of the representations of osteochondrosis, occurs after the cessation of the ossification process, disintegration of chondrocyte colonies and necrosis of the basal layer occurs, creating an area of ​​weakness where biomechanical forces, when applied, can lead to separation of cartilage or osteochondral fragments.

Within clinical signs, total effusion is the most common, which may or may not be associated with lameness. Although there are various forms of treatment, most authors recommend surgical removal arthroscopically as this has a higher success rate with better functional and cosmetic results. There are conflicting studies regarding prognosis and the best time to refer an animal for surgery. To answer these questions and present the results obtained with surgical treatment in the medium and long term, this work was carried out.

Most of the lesions were located in the articular joint, in the intermediate tibial crest. Postoperatively, 72% of the horses showed no clinical signs, and the improvement was more significant in animals at 3 and 4 years and little improvement in lameness in animals at six years. Effect of age and clinical manifestations in postoperative results surgical treatment osteochondritis with dissecans in horses. At the 12th World Equine Veterinary Association Congress in Hyderabad, arthroscopic approach to the volar notch of the distal interphalangeal joint through the flexor digitorum lamina in horses. Comparison of inflammatory response due to fluid or gas joint distension on arthroscopic examination in horses. Due to recent searches in my practice and mostly conversations with a few athletes different ages, levels of education and different genders about extremely painful syndrome in the leg, which hinders or even hinders learning, and, even worse, does not really effective treatment to Haglund's syndrome.

A problem related to the mechanical impact of the posterior superior elevation of the posterior calcaneal tuberosity against the retrocalcaneal bursa and the Achilles tendon itself. This situation of local “impact” causes an inflammatory process. Since the patient is extremely uncomfortable and in the chronism of the picture, weakening and even local rupture of the tendon.

Trendy calcifications resulting from a non-specific chronic inflammatory process or secondary to mechanical hypersocialization of the region appear as true posterior calcaneus spurs. In addition to pain caused by internal inflammatory process, there is the possibility of friction and compression with the help of shoes, which aggravates the symptoms.