The sun and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus and summer heat

Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations with fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What medications are the safest?

If we also take into account the positive effect of light on mood, performance and the state of the skeletal system, then it is impossible to completely abandon sunbathing.

When traveling on vacation, you need to monitor your blood sugar more often than at home, so you should always have with you a sufficient supply of the prescribed drug and means of measuring blood glucose, and a tonometer for daily blood pressure measurements.

How to sunbathe with diabetes?

Many people are sure that sunbathing with diabetes is possible and even necessary. Such thoughts are frivolous, which is why the number of hospitalized people doubles during the hot season. Sun and heat in the air affect the well-being of a diabetic, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. You shouldn’t give up the sun completely, but just follow the rules that help you maintain general state fine.

Benefits and harms

Tanning has the following positive aspects:

beauty appearance skin;
accelerating the healing of dry wounds, dermatitis and non-inflammatory rashes;
saturating the body with vitamin D.

Not only diabetics, but also healthy people are prohibited from sunbathing during certain hours (from 12:00 to 15:00) under the scorching rays of the sun. High air temperatures negatively affect blood sugar levels, causing unnecessary surges and imbalances. In addition, the health of patients worsens, weakness, loss of strength appear, and heart problems are possible. According to medical statistics, it is in the summer that the number of hospitalizations of people with diabetes increases.

The dangers of tanning are also as follows:

Possible burning of thin and light areas of skin, eyes, and burns.
Heatstroke.
Weakening and dehydration of the body caused by burns.
Violation of the integrity of the dermis layer, which entails infection of the damaged areas and the development inflammatory process.

Return to contents

Rules for tanning for diabetes

Patients of an endocrinologist are recommended to sunbathe in the shade of trees or under a beach umbrella. A tan obtained in the shade is considered no less beautiful and even, and most importantly, safe. There are preventive measures for proper tanning in diabetes, aimed at protecting the body from the troubles of ultraviolet radiation and exacerbations of the condition. The rules include the following points:

Sunbathing on an empty stomach is prohibited; you must first eat well and drink water.
Dry your skin after each bath, do not leave droplets of water on your body to dry under the scorching rays of the sun. This often provokes increased burning.
Use protective creams before and after tanning. Use it on different parts of the body.
Do not remove your hat to protect yourself from ultraviolet radiation and its negative effects on the body.
Sunbathe in the morning before 11 am, and after 15:00 until the evening.
Do not walk barefoot on sand and soil.
Wear dark glasses to prevent sun rays from causing retinal damage and blindness.

People who have diabetes, it is important to protect your eyes from ultraviolet radiation as they are considered a sensitive area. Prolonged exposure to the sun disrupts the production of insulin, which can lead to decreased vision and eventual blindness. It is necessary to strictly follow the rules of protection against sunburn and take care of your health.

Is it possible to go to the solarium?

There is no veto on the solarium, but visiting it if you have diabetes is still not recommended. This cosmetic procedure is quite common among the female half of the population, but its use in diabetic patients is undesirable. In a solarium, the skin is exposed to long ultraviolet rays, which in case of endocrine disorders can only cause harm, aggravating the general condition and course of the disease.

The information is provided for general information only and cannot be used for self-medication. You should not self-medicate, it can be dangerous. Always consult your doctor. When partially or completely copying materials from the site, an active link to it is required.

Just not for long: is it possible and how to sunbathe properly if you have diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the pancreas does not produce enough of the pancreatic hormone, insulin.

As a result, there is present in the blood increased level Sahara. This disease cannot be treated, but if you follow the recommendations of doctors and take special medications, the condition can be stabilized to such an extent that the person will not feel any discomfort at all.

Many questions constantly arise regarding the course of this disease. One of them is the following: can you sunbathe if you have diabetes?

Sun and diabetes

As you know, people suffering from this disease sometimes find it very difficult to keep their sugar levels normal. But at high temperatures it is even more difficult to do this.

Most people suffering different types diabetes has a certain sensitivity to increased temperature, both indoors and outdoors.

There is confirmed evidence that high temperature can increase the concentration of glucose in human blood.

In extreme heat, diabetics feel thirsty because their bodies lose moisture incredibly quickly. This is what leads to an increase in plasma sugar concentration. On a very hot day, the patient must drink enough clean water to avoid loss of moisture.

It is also very important to avoid open areas of the street that are exposed to the sun. It is advisable to do everyday activities at the beginning of the day or closer to its end, when the heat has completely subsided.

Many diabetics do not know exactly how their body reacts to heat. This is explained by the fact that most of them have insensitive limbs.

It is because of this that they can expose themselves to danger while under the scorching sun.

Some patients feel the moment when their body begins to overheat, others do not. The moment when the body temperature begins to rise rapidly is accompanied by slight malaise and dizziness.

Do not forget that even at this second he may already be susceptible to heatstroke. Doctors recommend refraining from prolonged exposure to open sunlight during the hottest months of summer. Diabetics may experience what is called heat exhaustion or stroke much more quickly. This is explained by the fact that their sweat glands periodically contract.

Doctors strongly recommend that all people with diabetes constantly monitor their blood sugar levels. We should also not forget that the set of necessary funds (insulin and devices) should not be exposed to aggressive sunlight. This could ruin them. Insulin should only be stored in the refrigerator, and special devices should be stored in a dry and dark place.

Is it possible to go to the sea with diabetes?

Every person should know whether he is allowed to be on the beach or not.

There are several main rules for people with diabetes that should be followed in the scorching heat:

It is important to avoid sunbathing, since prolonged exposure to rays on the skin can lead to an immediate increase in sugar levels;
you need to maintain the level of moisture in the body, avoiding dehydration;
It is advisable to exercise early in the morning or in the evening, when the sun is less aggressive;
It is important to check your glucose levels as often as possible;
Do not forget that instant temperature changes can negatively affect the quality of medications and devices for diabetics;
it is very important to wear only light-colored clothes made from natural fabrics that can “breathe”;
should be avoided physical exercise on air;
It is not recommended to walk on hot ground or sand without shoes;
it is important to ensure that sunstroke does not occur;
It is imperative to avoid excessive consumption of caffeine and alcohol as this will lead to dehydration in the first place.

Why not?

To answer the question of whether it is possible to sunbathe with diabetes, it is necessary to understand in more detail the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the diabetic body.

Vitamin D, which is produced in the body under the influence of ultraviolet rays, has the ability to improve all existing metabolic processes in the body, including carbohydrates.

And if we take into account the positive effect of the sun on mood, work ability and the general condition of the musculoskeletal system, then it is also impossible to completely refuse to be in the sun.

As you know, in the presence of diabetes, the reactions of the cardiovascular and nervous systems are radically different from the norm. Therefore, the most important thing on a summer vacation is compliance with the existing rules for safe stay on the beach. The head must be reliably protected from exposure to sunlight.

You can only be in the sun until eleven o'clock in the afternoon and after seventeen o'clock in the evening. During this most dangerous period of time, it is imperative to be in reliable shelter from the negative effects of the aggressive sun.

But is it possible to sunbathe with type 2 diabetes? The answer to this question is quite clear: the permissible time for being in the sun is no more than twenty minutes.

When sunbathing or swimming, you should definitely take care of your skin by applying an expensive sunscreen with a protective filter of at least twenty. The eyes should also be protected with tinted glasses.

It is important to note that walking barefoot on the sand is strictly prohibited. If even a slight injury to the skin suddenly occurs, it will end in infection and a rather long healing time.

The skin of the extremities must be reliably protected from drying out and loss of moisture, so after each swim in sea water you should take a bath and apply a special nourishing protective cream.

The greatest danger for people with diabetes is that they drink too little water during such a hot period.

Since moisture loss occurs much more intensely in summer, this fact should be taken into account and the situation needs to be corrected. The amount of fluid consumed per day should be at least two liters. Also, do not forget that it must be without gas.

Since many patients do not know whether it is possible to sunbathe with type 2 diabetes, doctors categorically do not recommend staying in the open sun for a long time.

To protect yourself, you should use a special cream with high level skin protection.

Patients taking sulfonylureas should be aware that this drug may increase sensitivity to sunlight. Therefore, it is imperative to take all precautions, in particular limiting regular exposure to the sun.

You also need to regularly check your glucose concentration to ensure it does not exceed the permissible level. You need to drink more than two liters of purified cool water per day - this will help maintain normal moisture levels in the diabetic’s body.

Video on the topic

A film for patients with type 2 diabetes, which is a guide in the fight against this disease:

So is it possible to sunbathe if you have diabetes? Doctors recommend being extremely careful while on the beach. Diabetics should only be in the sun if basic precautions are taken. It is very important to ensure that all diabetic equipment and medications were not exposed to direct sunlight as this could damage them. Insulin and other medications should only be stored in the refrigerator.

Stabilizes sugar levels for a long time
Restores insulin production by the pancreas

Short and long trips with diabetes

When going on a relatively short (several hours) trip (tourist excursions, trips to the forest to pick mushrooms and berries, etc.), you need to take with you a “food first aid kit” for about 5 -6 XE, that is, 60 -70 g of carbohydrates, and with high and medium glycemic indices. During such walks and other intense and (or) long-term physical activity, you need to “listen” to your well-being so as not to miss the development of hypoglycemia and quickly eliminate its first symptoms by taking appropriate food.

If you are planning a trip with clearly significant physical activity (biking out of town, skiing, hiking over 5 km, etc.), the morning dose of insulin should be reduced so as not to cause an excessive decrease in blood glucose levels. The specific degree of dose reduction can be determined based on the initial glycemia data.

You should not sunbathe in direct sunlight in the heat (more than 25 ° C) and after 10 - 11 o'clock in the afternoon, you should not walk barefoot even on soft sand, so as not to burn or injure your feet. The latter is especially important for people with the first signs of “diabetic foot”. You need to swim near the shore and, preferably, in company. You cannot swim to depth during long (more than 20 - 30 minutes) swimming. It is best to swim for a few minutes along the shore, and alternate swimming with relaxing on the beach.

If you have diabetes, long and long trips are not prohibited. If the patient feels well, knows how to control glycemic levels, has acquired the minimum required knowledge on nutrition and drug treatment In order to solve most of his problems on his own on the way and upon arrival, he can travel to different countries.

Long-distance travel is not recommended in the first year of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Such a patient still does not know well the intricacies of insulin therapy, does not yet know how to properly vary the diet, does not recognize the development of hypoglycemia well, etc. When planning a trip, you should undergo an examination to make sure that diabetes is compensated. If there are objective signs of insufficient compensation, a long trip should be postponed until the results of more effective treatment.

For long trips, especially abroad, and long-distance flights, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

Apply to medical institution certificate of diabetes mellitus; when traveling abroad - in Russian and English. Get it from a doctor additional recipes(legible, in Latin) in case of loss of medications during the trip. A certificate of illness will help you freely carry syringes, insulin and other medications through the airport checkpoint and customs. Vials of insulin or glucagon must have clear pharmaceutical labeling.

Before traveling, you must carefully read your insurance documents and check what medical services they provide in cases of deterioration in your health in the host country.

All accessories related to the treatment of diabetes (insulin, syringes, glucometers and batteries for them, test strips, glucose-lowering tablets, etc.) must be in your bag or other carry-on luggage. They should not be checked in as baggage, which may get lost. It is equally important that these accessories are always at hand. It is advisable to have two sets of glucometers and batteries, packed in different bags, and additional (above the estimated requirement for the days of the trip) bottles of insulin, glucagon and other medications. We must act on the principle: it is better to take more with you than less. If a patient uses U-40 insulins and travels to the United States, it is necessary to stock up on U-40 syringes in order to administer the correct dose of insulin. In the US, insulins and U-100 syringes are standard. If you draw U-40 insulin with such syringes, you can get an underestimated dose of insulin, and using a U-40 syringe for U-100 insulin will give a larger dose than necessary. In Europe and South America, insulins and U-40 syringes are sold.

Carry-on luggage must contain an “emergency” food set consisting of sources of slowly absorbed carbohydrates (cookies, biscuits, crackers and other dry starch-containing products) and quickly absorbed carbohydrates: glucose tablets, lumps of sugar, small-packaged jelly or honey, non-chocolate candies, sweets without alcoholic drinks, juice, sweet tea in a thermos or other container of 250 - 300 ml. There may be various delays and changes while traveling that will affect your daily routine and meal times. Slowly absorbed carbohydrates are needed for “snacks” if food intake has been delayed; rapidly absorbed carbohydrates are needed to urgently eliminate the symptoms of hypoglycemia.

Regular monitoring of your blood glucose levels is essential to ensure you stay safe throughout your trip. If the patient does not carry out frequent blood glucose measurements at home, then on long-haul flights they are needed every 4 to 5 hours. Please note that during a flight, blood glucose levels tend to rise.

When traveling in an easterly direction, the day is shortened - the clocks must be set forward. If in this way the day is shortened by 3 hours or more, then the next morning the dose of long-acting insulin should be reduced by 4 - 6, less often 8 units. In the future, insulin administration is done in the same doses. When traveling westward, the days become longer and the clocks are set back. On the day of departure, you need to give an insulin injection in the usual dose, but if the day has lengthened by 3 hours or more, at the end of the day you can give an additional injection of 4 - 6 - 8 units of short-acting insulin, followed by a small meal containing carbohydrates. These changes in insulin doses are especially important on long-haul flights. Usually, dose changes are not required if less than 5 time zones are overlapped. However, the rule: “east direction - less insulin, west direction - more insulin” is not always true. Varying departure times, flight durations, and stopovers on an aircraft may require more complex approaches to insulin administration, requiring self-monitoring of glycemic levels. When traveling long distances from north to south or from south to north, the usual daily insulin therapy plan does not change.

Changes in time zones during travel do not have as significant an impact on the intake of glucose-lowering tablets as on the administration of insulin. If a patient takes metformin or a sulfonylurea twice daily, it is better for him to reduce the dose and have mild hyperglycemia during the flight (rarely more than 7 - 8 hours) than to take two doses with a shortened period of time between them, which increases the risk hypoglycemia. No changes are required when taking acarbose or new drugs such as repaglinide: these drugs are taken as usual, before meals.

When traveling by sea, nausea, vomiting, aversion to food and other symptoms of seasickness are possible. In most cases of seasickness, your insulin dose should be reduced slightly. If it is impossible to eat, the dose of short-acting insulin should be reduced by half, and long-acting insulin by one third. If you are thirsty, you can drink sweet and sour fruit and berry juices. On a sea voyage, it is necessary to take medications that reduce the manifestations of seasickness as a preventive measure.

A diabetic patient who has a driver's license and a car has double responsibility: for the health of others (pedestrians, car passengers) and their own health. The main concern of a diabetic patient driving a car is the prevention and timely elimination of hypoglycemia. To do this, the following conditions must be met:

Before any, but especially before a long trip, you should not increase the dose of insulin and you should definitely eat no less than usual, and not delay eating until the expected roadside cafe.

During the trip, always keep fast-absorbing carbohydrate products close to you on the seat or drawer of the car: glucose tablets, lump sugar, sweet juice or other sweet drink that can be quickly opened, sweet cookies, etc.

During the trip, carefully follow the usual diet and insulin administration, without skipping a single meal. Every 2 hours of driving it is advisable to stop, walk around a little, have a snack and drink.

At the slightest sign of hypoglycemia, you should immediately stop and eat or drink anything containing instant carbohydrates. After an attack of hypoglycemia, you can drive a car only half an hour later, or better yet, after your next meal.

It is not recommended to drive for patients with labile (i.e., hypoglycemia) diabetes mellitus; patients who have recently (less than a year) started treatment with insulin and who do not yet know how their disease will progress - stable or labile, as well as patients who have started taking glucose-lowering tablets (especially glibenclamide) in the last 3 - 4 months and have not yet adapted completely towards these drugs.

When traveling or a long trip to another country, it is difficult to follow the same diet as at home, especially if we are not talking about countries in Europe and North America. But as far as possible, you should stick to the same number and time of meals as you did at home, and try to choose familiar or close to them foods and dishes. It was noted above that it is advisable to plan long-distance and long trips for diabetes mellitus of types 1 and 2, respectively, a year or 3 to 5 months after diagnosis and initiation of treatment. During these periods, patients should accumulate the first experience of determining the amount of food by eye, approximate assessment of products based on carbohydrate content, and converting them into “bread units” during insulin therapy. It is advisable to familiarize yourself in books with the peculiarities of the national cuisine of the host country in advance.

Patients with diabetes should avoid dehydration, which is very possible in hot countries, and in the summer - in any country. For drinking, it is best to use bottled mineral or spring water, green tea, but not alcoholic drinks or coffee.

Compliance with the rules for storing insulin is of great importance. Glucose-lowering tablets should be dry and should be protected from exposure to high air humidity.

With well-thought-out preparation for a long trip, it should proceed without complications and improve the quality of life. But with a frivolous attitude towards the nature of nutrition, drug treatment and self-monitoring of glycemic levels, patients can be at risk of very unpleasant, even life-threatening complications. Just in case, you should keep a special insert in your breast pocket or purse with your data (last name, first name, address) and diagnosis. In the United States and several other countries, people with diabetes are encouraged to wear bracelets or neck tags that indicate that the person has diabetes and is injecting insulin.

Diabetes mellitus and everything about it! :: View topic - tanning in a solarium - is it possible, is it necessary?

Girls! Well, what are you talking about... How is it that “exposure to the sun is strictly prohibited”?

IMHO, it is prohibited only within unreasonable limits, like all other non-diabetics.

I remember when I first got sick, they said that it wasn’t good at all, and nothing at all was bad: black caviar was bad, and chocolate with champagne was bad, and the sun was bad, and the sea was bad, and going abroad was bad, and nothing exotic at all... And then they said , which is very possible, but within reasonable limits and under the control of sugar.

Regarding the dangers of sunbathing, I somehow don’t remember where I came across some interesting information about one very famous, it seems American, doctor. He was an active promoter of scientific evidence of the dangers of sun exposure, and after his retirement, he admitted that he received considerable financial rewards from sunscreen manufacturers. In fact, no scientifically substantiated connection between the sun and the diseases with which it frightened people has ever been established.

Solarium seems to be of no use to anyone. But when there is a shortage of something, they prescribe UV (at least, they prescribed something like that to me as a child). Maybe if you don’t get carried away too much, you can use a solarium? Although the combination of contrainsular drugs with the absence of insulin therapy is, of course, problematic...

Is the sun harmful for diabetes?

Secondary diabetes mellitus is a disease in which insulin is produced by the human body in sufficient quantities or even in excess, but under certain circumstances, some of it or the entire volume of insulin is unable to be fully absorbed by the cellular structures of tissues. As a result, the blood glucose level increases.

This disease is serious problem with health, which can bring a lot of inconvenience to the patient. The main problems may be: a feeling of constant thirst, a regular urge to urinate, excess weight, skin problems, a feeling of fatigue, swelling, poor wound healing. In addition, there are many concomitant diseases.

Secondary diabetes mellitus, in its advanced form, can provoke all sorts of complications. That is why patients with diabetes are required to observe a number of restrictions, which also include tanning. So, is it possible to sunbathe with diabetes?

Effect of tanning on the body

Every diabetic at least once wonders whether it is possible to sunbathe with diabetes?

In the middle of the hot, sun-filled summer heat, it can be quite difficult for diabetics to control their blood glucose levels, as high temperatures have a big impact on the formation of this substance in the body. The situation is complicated by the fact that most diabetics have a high sensitivity to heat, which has a direct impact on the patient’s well-being and blood glucose levels. The number of hospitalized people suffering from diabetes increases greatly during the summer heat.

However, at the moment, a large number of scientific minds of our time note the particular usefulness of the tanning process for the well-being of a patient with secondary diabetes mellitus. Conducted studies prove the beneficial effect of sunlight on the patient’s body due to the fact that, penetrating through a person’s skin, the sun’s rays saturate the body with vitamin D. This is what causes the patient’s insulin dependence to decrease.

Despite this, classical medical practice speaks of the undesirability of actively spending time under the sun, since there is a high risk of sunburn and burns in the skin area. The result of a thermal burn is a sharp jump in glucose in the blood and a large loss of fluid by the human body.

Diabetics' bodies become dehydrated much more quickly than healthy person, which is why each of them must be very careful and consume the required amount of fluid per day. In addition, damage to the integrity of the epidermis for a diabetic is always a risk of infection, the onset of an inflammatory process and the occurrence of hyperglycemia. The reason for this is the low ability of the skin of people with diabetes to heal wounds and regenerate.

Air baths in the cold, in the shade of trees or under an umbrella are more beneficial than long stays under the scorching sun. Moreover, in the shade you can also get a tan, only less dangerous to the health of the already thin skin of a diabetic.

However, in the case when a diabetic cannot deny himself outdoor recreation or the situation requires the patient to spend a long time under the rays of the scorching sun, it is necessary to take all possible measures to protect his body from ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun.

The sun constantly sends ultraviolet radiation to the earth, which can harm a weak body, scorch the skin and eyes, especially when it is at its zenith. That is why, when the sun rises, a diabetic must follow some safety recommendations in order to protect himself from the harmful influence of the earthly luminary:

First of all, you should never sunbathe without first eating or immediately after eating. After swimming, it is necessary to wipe the skin dry, since the aquatic environment strongly attracts the sun's rays, causing increased sunburn.
In order to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, in case of diabetes it is recommended to constantly use sunscreens, ointments, sprays and emulsions with a protective index against solar radiation of at least 15 units.
It is important to protect the scalp; for this purpose, it is recommended to wear a hat all the time you are in the sun. In addition, it is recommended to spend the time from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. at home or in the shade, while sunbathing is a good time during morning hours before ten and in the evening - after sixteen. This is due to the insignificant activity of the celestial body at this time of day.
Those diabetics who take diabetes medication orally, such as sulfonylureas, must remember that this tablet form can increase the exposure of the skin to the burning sun, which is the reason for the need to limit time spent in the sun.

In addition, people with secondary diabetes mellitus are required to take diligent care of the health of their feet. The reason for this is the ability of diabetes mellitus to damage nerve endings legs, which causes a decrease in their sensitivity and problems in treatment. If suddenly scratches, burned areas, and corns do not heal for a long time, this entails a significant danger for patients and the likelihood of complications in the form of gangrene. This is what provokes the need for special protection of the diabetic’s feet from unnecessary injury.

With prolonged exposure to the sun, a diabetic is required to monitor the condition of the leg from time to time throughout the day. In addition, people with diabetes are also advised to apply sunscreen to the phalanges of the toes and the entire foot.

Sun protection for eyes

It is very important for every diabetic to protect the eyes from exposure to solar radiation, since this organ is a rather problematic place for patients. Impaired insulin production by the body primarily affects eye health and in most cases provokes vision loss. Hence, people with diabetes are simply obliged to protect their eyes from direct exposure to sunlight on the eye area, since the sun can damage the retina and lead to solar retinopathy.

Also, all people with diabetes are required to constantly monitor their blood glucose levels during the summer. But at the same time, it is strictly forbidden to overheat your glucose measuring accessories, medications and syringes, as they are highly sensitive to overheating and this can damage them.

Diabetes is a very complex disease that requires increased responsibility and seriousness. Influence elevated temperature can greatly aggravate the course of this disease, so you should not experiment with your health and it is better to refrain from sunbathing and excessive exposure to the open air in the summer.

The information on the site is provided solely for popular informational purposes, does not claim to be reference or medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. Consult your healthcare provider.

Sometimes it is very difficult to regulate their glucose levels. High temperature can also play a huge factor in regulating blood sugar. Most diabetics are sensitive to excessive heat, and high temperatures increase glucose levels.

Diabetics become dehydrated very quickly in hot weather, causing blood sugar levels to rise. Especially on a hot day, they should be very careful and take fluid in the right amount. Patients are advised to exercise everyday affairs or training, etc. before the temperature rises or at the end of the day when the temperature drops.

Sometimes people with diabetes don't know if they are being exposed to excessive heat. This is because some diabetics do not have . Diabetics can be overly vulnerable without knowing it. Some people know exactly when they start to overheat, they feel insecure and slightly dizzy. But, as a rule, by this time, a person is already susceptible to heatstroke. This is why it is important not to be exposed to high temperatures for long periods of time during the hot summer months. People with diabetes may experience heat exhaustion or heatstroke much faster than non-diabetics. Because at times they are reduced.

Patients with diabetes, in the summer, must constantly have blood. But, be careful not to expose your diabetic accessories (glucometer, pens, insulin, etc.) to the sun or heat, they can quickly deteriorate or become damaged. Keeping them in your car is not very good good idea, since the temperature can rise very quickly there. Diabetics should keep their insulin supplies in the refrigerator and their devices in a dark place.

Diabetes is a serious disease and should be taken seriously. Exposure to high temperatures can quickly make diabetes worse. Heat stroke can come quickly and unexpectedly. Therefore, do not experiment on yourself in the sultry summer heat; it is better to sit out this time indoors.

Here are some tips for diabetics in the heat and heat:

Avoid sunbathing, as this may increase blood glucose levels. Wear good sunscreen, sunglasses and a hat when out in the sun.
Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. Carry a bottle of water with you on walks, etc.
and vigorous activity is best done in the early or later hours of the day when temperatures are cooler and the sun is not at its peak.
Check your blood sugar levels frequently as they can fluctuate.
Remember, sudden changes in temperature can affect your diabetic medications and devices; Insulin may deteriorate and test strips may be damaged. Use insulated bags protected with a cool pack to safely store your diabetes supplies, but avoid freezing.
Wear light-colored clothing made from fabrics that can “breathe.”

When it's hot, also take these extra measures:

Avoid outdoor exercise; Choose an indoor, air-conditioned room. In summer, use air conditioning at home or in your apartment. Split LG one of the most efficient air conditioners, providing reliable cooling, even on the hottest summer day.
Never on a hot surface.
Watch for signs of possible heat stroke, such as dizziness, weakness, and for some people, excessive sweating. Contact us for medical care if you are experiencing these symptoms.
Avoid caffeine or alcoholic drinks, which can lead to dehydration.

Have a great summer and remember to take hot weather precautions.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most famous diseases in medicine, which has been identified since the times of the Roman Empire. The latest statistics show that about eight percent of all people in the world have a confirmed diagnosis of the above-mentioned disease of one type or another. Despite the fact that SD has been known for a long time, even the advanced modern medicine cannot cure it completely and rid a person of this problem forever.

The latest edition of the international classifier of diseases contains a whole group of types of diabetes mellitus (class 4, E10–14), however, in medical practice, up to 95 percent of all detected cases of the disease are type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which differ very significantly and have both specific symptoms and and special therapy.

This type of diabetes is called true or juvenile diabetes, although a person can get it at any age. Classic autoimmune disease is associated with absolute insulin deficiency, which is caused by malfunction of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and, as a consequence, destruction of beta cells, which are the main producing mechanism for the formation of insulin.

Reasons for appearance

The exact and generally accepted causes of type 1 diabetes are unknown. A number of modern studies show that in a significant proportion of cases, the “trigger mechanism” for the activation of the disease is proteins in nervous system that have crossed the blood-brain barrier. They are under attack immune system and begin to be destroyed by the antibodies produced. Beta cells that produce the hormone insulin have markers that are almost identical to such proteins, as a result of which they are also destroyed by the immune system, from a partial decrease in their concentration to complete absence.

It has been scientifically proven that additional risk factors for the formation of type 1 diabetes mellitus are viral lesions of the pancreas, poor heredity (in 10 percent of cases, diabetes is transmitted from one parent to a child), as well as the introduction of a number of substances/medicines into the body - from streptosicin to rat poison .

Symptoms and signs

Type 1 diabetes, unlike other forms of diabetes, has pronounced symptoms, which, in the absence of proper treatment, quickly develop into serious complications. With a slight increase in blood sugar levels, the patient feels intense thirst and a frequent urge to urinate. At night, sweating is common; during the day, a person becomes irritable, and his mood often changes. Women regularly suffer from vaginal yeast infections. As glucose increases, mild neurological symptoms begin to appear - periodic depression and hysteria. Visual perception disorders are possible (peripheral vision is primarily affected).

As the sugar level approaches critical values, the patient develops ketoacidosis against the background of hyperglycemia. unpleasant smell acetone from the mouth, difficulty breathing, rapid pulse, nausea, vomiting and general dehydration. Severe diabetes causes confusion, fainting, and ultimately hyperglycemic coma.

Diagnostics

To the list of classics diagnostic measures identification includes:

Collection of the patient's medical history and differential diagnosis of external symptoms of a possible disease.
. In the morning on an empty stomach and with a dosed glucose load. It is carried out according to strict preliminary criteria: within 12 hours the patient must give up alcohol, smoking, taking medications, food - only drinking water is allowed. The analysis may be inaccurate if there is chronic diseases in the acute phase, as well as various inflammatory processes. If the test gives a reading higher than 7 mmol/l (on an empty stomach) and 11 mmol/l (with a glucose load), then the doctor can give a preliminary one.
Blood test for glycated hemoglobin. Usually prescribed after a positive blood sugar test, indicating the concentration of glucose-bound hemoglobin. At rates above 6.5 percent, a general diagnosis of diabetes is made.
Analysis of venous blood for C-peptide. It is a clarifying test that helps determine the type of diabetes.

Features of treatment

A special feature of the treatment of type 1 diabetes is the mandatory regular administration of insulin. Even the most carefully selected diet, regular dosed physical exercise and other measures in most cases do not make it possible to fully compensate for impaired carbohydrate metabolism. The dosage of insulin is selected individually, based on the results of the patient’s tests, his diet (calculating the amount of carbohydrate consumed according to the standardized value of XE), the individual characteristics of the body and other factors. Injections of the drug will have to be done throughout your life, since the insulin-dependent type of diabetes at the current level of medical development cannot be completely cured, while other therapeutic measures are aimed at stabilizing the patient’s condition, minimizing the dose of the administered drug and eliminating the risks of complications.

When insulin is synthesized by the body in sufficient or excess quantities, however, it is partially or completely not absorbed by tissue cells. Against the background of such hormonal resistance, the level of glucose in the blood gradually increases. Type 2 diabetes is defined by most doctors as a metabolic disease, which in the long term can develop into true diabetes.

Reasons for appearance

As medical practice and modern research show, the main reasons for this disorder of carbohydrate metabolism are obesity and genetic factors. Abdominal excess weight directly provokes the development of type 2 diabetes, and 20 percent of children whose parents had this metabolic disease are diagnosed with a similar problem.

Age-related changes also make a contribution - if type 1 diabetes mainly develops in childhood and adolescence, then type 2 diabetes usually develops in people over 30 years of age, and the main group consists of older people, whose metabolism is no longer so active. However, medical statistics of the last decade show that type 2 diabetes is rapidly becoming “younger” and is found even in obese children 8–10 years old.

Additional risk factors for developing the problem are also considered to be pancreatic diseases, stress/depression and viral infections against the background of weak immunity.

Symptoms and signs

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are milder and more vague when compared with the manifestations of type 1 diabetes. Thirst and frequent urge to urinate, obesity, problem skin, syndrome chronic fatigue, swelling, night sweats, extremely poor healing of wounds and even simple cuts on the skin - these are the main complaints of most patients who are subsequently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

In this case, even with an advanced form of the disease, ketoacidosis rarely occurs, but increases in pressure, heart pain, partial numbness of the limbs, and only in extreme cases - pathological neurological manifestations are regularly observed. However, it is type 2 diabetes, not detected in time, that provokes a large number of various complications against the background of the chronic course of the underlying disease - these are angiopathy, retinopathy, neuropathies, as well as diabetic foot syndrome.

Diagnostics

The set of diagnostic measures for suspected type 2 diabetes mellitus is identical to studies for the presence of type 1 diabetes. After making an initial general diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe a venous blood test for C-peptide, one of the hormones synthesized by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is a link in the transformation of beta cells into insulin and allows you to roughly calculate the intensity of its formation. If there is little C-peptide in the venous blood, then the patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but if there is enough or too much, the synthesis of the hormone is not impaired and this is type 2 diabetes.

Features of treatment

A key component of treatment for type 2 diabetes is a properly selected diet. In the lion's share of cases, with full control of the diet, you can maintain carbohydrate metabolism at an acceptable level for years. In 90 percent of patients, excess weight makes the main contribution to the formation and development of the problem; accordingly, they are prescribed a personalized low-carbohydrate diet. High efficiency They also show vegan food systems, which are a good alternative to the classic options for adapting ND.

However, in some cases, diet alone is not enough. The doctor may prescribe the patient hypoglycemic drugs (based on sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolindiones or PRGs), taking into account the severity of the disease and the current condition of the body. In addition, the endocrinologist necessarily prescribes therapeutic exercise and gives recommendations for optimizing the daily rhythms of life. In rare cases, surgical pancreatic transplantation may be necessary (complications of the nephropathic spectrum) and even insulin - the latter is usually necessary in the later stages of the disease, when secretory function islets of Langerhans is significantly weakened and type 2 diabetes smoothly transforms into type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Additional therapy includes the use of maintenance medications aimed at neutralizing possible complications diseases are statins, fenofibrate, moxonidine, ACE inhibitors and other medications prescribed by the attending physician.

In the twentieth century, the vast majority of endocrinologists prescribed to their patients a so-called rational balanced diet with an approximately equal ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the daily diet. Only fried and smoked foods, as well as sweets and baked goods were excluded. However, as practice has shown, this type of nutrition does not significantly reduce blood glucose levels and in diabetics, sugar is slightly elevated, which ultimately and in the long term significantly reduces both the quality and life expectancy of patients.

In the last decade, nutritionists have increasingly recommended low-carbohydrate diets with the complete exclusion of simple carbohydrates from the diet and a significant limitation of complex carbohydrates, both for type 2 diabetes with increased body weight, and for patients with type 1 diabetes (a significant reduction in the volume of insulin doses administered). In this case, the main emphasis is on proteins and fractional nutrition, dividing the daily diet into 5–6 meals. The optimal cooking scheme is boiling and baking, sometimes carcass.

It is necessary to completely exclude from the menu all types of semi-finished products, rich broths and fatty meats, various marinades, sugar-based products, and baked goods. Also prohibited are pasta, sauces (salty and spicy), caviar, cream, baked goods, canned food of all types, bread based on wheat flour, as well as sweet fruits - dates, bananas, grapes, figs.

In strictly limited quantities, you can eat potatoes, eggs, cereals with legumes, as well as porridge - buckwheat, barley, oatmeal, egg. It is very rare to treat yourself to honey.

The classic list of permitted products includes lean meats (mainly poultry and beef), fish (all low-fat varieties), vegetable soups with cereals and meatballs, dietary sausages, low-fat fermented milk products, and unsalted cheeses. It is recommended to include carrots, beets, fresh green peas, cucumbers, pumpkin, eggplant, cabbage, sour berries and fruits, tea and coffee with milk in the diet.

It is preferable to use ghee or refined vegetable oil as a fat base.

Modern dietary practice and experimental methods Medical research increasingly points to the effectiveness of vegetarian diets for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The largest tests carried out in the USA and Europe have proven that in most cases the above-mentioned nutritional system can actively reduce sugar and blood levels, reduce the risks of developing cardiovascular diseases and significantly reduce the excretion of protein in the urine after 3-4 weeks of switching to such a diet.

The essence of such a diet is a general low-calorie diet and avoidance of animal proteins. All types of meat and fish, eggs, dairy and fermented milk products, any sweet and wheat dishes, sunflower oil, coffee, as well as “junk” food - from French fries to crackers, carbonated drinks and any refined sugars - are strictly prohibited here.

The list of permitted dietary composition includes cereals and legumes, berries and fruits (except grapes), all fresh vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, seeds, as well as a “soy set” - yogurt, tofu, sour cream, milk based on it.

However, it is worth noting some negative aspects of using a vegetarian diet for diabetes and, first of all, this is a narrow range of its use - a vegan diet can only be used if there are no complications of diabetes in mild or moderate form. In addition, a vegan diet cannot be used constantly, because one way or another the body requires animal proteins in small quantities, as well as a number of nutrients/vitamins, which are essentially excluded from the diet. That is why it can only become a temporary “therapeutic and preventive” alternative to a classic balanced or low-carbohydrate diet, but not their full replacement.

Useful video

Types of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus: types, symptoms and treatment

The sun emits ultraviolet radiation that can damage the skin and eyes, especially when the sun is at its peak. When the sun rises, we must take certain precautions to limit our exposure to the sun.

Skin protection

Many of us like to enjoy the sun, but some of us cannot stand the sun.

Diabetics using sulfonylureas (an oral antidiabetic medication) should be aware that these tablets may increase sensitivity to the sun and should take precautions by limiting frequent sun exposure.

Sun protection for feet

People with diabetes should take care of their feet as diabetes can affect the nerves in the feet and can cause difficulty healing. If cuts, burns and calluses fail to heal, they can become dangerous for people with diabetes. Therefore, it is important to prevent your feet from getting damaged.

Diabetics are not recommended to walk barefoot, as they may not notice that they have received burns or rubbed calluses. It is also important to wear comfortable shoes that do not rub or pinch your feet, as this can lead to blisters.

When you're out in the sun, check your feet throughout the day. It is also recommended that people with diabetes apply sunscreen to their toes and top of their feet.

Sun protection for eyes

We should all avoid direct sun exposure to our eyes, whether we have diabetes or not, as the sun can cause damage to the retina, known as solar retinopathy.

Diabetes can also increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy and thus, diabetics should protect their eyes from the sun to avoid any additional damage to the retina.

Protecting medications from the sun

The medications we take can also cause sun sensitivity.

People taking insulin or incretin mimetics should take care not to expose medications to direct sunlight or allow medications to become too warm.

This disease is a serious health problem that can cause a lot of inconvenience to the patient. The main problems may be: a feeling of constant thirst, a regular urge to urinate, excess weight, skin problems, a feeling of fatigue, swelling, poor wound healing. In addition, there are many concomitant diseases.

Every diabetic at least once wonders whether it is possible to sunbathe with diabetes?

The body of diabetics is much more susceptible to dehydration than a healthy person, which is why each of them must be very careful and consume the required amount of fluid per day. In addition, damage to the integrity of the epidermis for a diabetic is always a risk of infection, the onset of an inflammatory process and the occurrence of hyperglycemia. The reason for this is the low ability of the skin of people with diabetes to heal wounds and regenerate.

First of all, you should never sunbathe without first eating or immediately after eating. After swimming, it is necessary to wipe the skin dry, since the aquatic environment strongly attracts the sun's rays, causing increased sunburn.
In order to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, in case of diabetes it is recommended to constantly use sunscreens, ointments, sprays and emulsions with a protective index against solar radiation of at least 15 units.
It is important to protect the scalp; for this purpose, it is recommended to wear a hat all the time you are in the sun. In addition, it is recommended to spend the time from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. at home or in the shade, and the best time for sunbathing is in the morning before ten and in the evening after sixteen. This is due to the insignificant activity of the celestial body at this time of day.
Those diabetics who take diabetes medication orally, such as sulfonylureas, must remember that this tablet form can increase the exposure of the skin to the burning sun, which is the reason for the need to limit time spent in the sun.

In addition, people with secondary diabetes mellitus are required to take diligent care of the health of their feet. The reason for this is the ability of diabetes to damage the nerve endings of the legs, which causes a decrease in their sensitivity and problems in treatment. If suddenly scratches, burned areas, and corns do not heal for a long time, this entails a significant danger for patients and the likelihood of complications in the form of gangrene. This is what provokes the need for special protection of the diabetic’s feet from unnecessary injury.

Sun protection for eyes

Diabetes is a very complex disease that requires increased responsibility and seriousness. The influence of elevated temperature can greatly aggravate the course of this disease, so you should not experiment with your health and it is better to refrain from sunbathing and excessive exposure to the open air in the summer.