Atrophic rhinitis symptoms. Treatment of atrophic rhinitis with medications and folk remedies

Atrophic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, in which an atrophic and degenerative process leads to loss of its functions. When the disease is severe, the pathology can spread to the bone tissue of the nasal concha, which leads to their destruction. The disease in most cases is chronic with a long and sluggish course. Most often, patients do not pay due attention to the symptoms of the disease, considering them a common runny nose, and do not carry out the necessary timely treatment. Because of this, the pathological process progresses and starts, and the success of therapy decreases.

Causes

The appearance of atrophic rhinitis can be triggered by various reasons, most of which are associated with external negative effects on the body. Doctors identify the following as the main factors contributing to the development of the disease:

• severe air pollution in the area of ​​residence;
• working in hazardous industries without using proper protective equipment;
• catarrh of the respiratory tract;
• excessive use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops and sprays;
• hereditary predisposition to thinning of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages;
• unfavorable climatic conditions - excessively cold and humid air in winter and dry and hot air in summer;
• lack of vitamins in the body;
• dry air in the apartment;
• complications of operations in the nasal cavity;
• smoking - equally passive and active;
• frequent stressful situations or chronic stress;
• mental disorders leading to changes in the functioning of the mucous membranes;
• frequent use of air flavorings;
• viral infections - influenza, acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections;
• use of oral hormonal contraceptives;
• hormonal disorders in the body;
• pregnancy period;
• decreased immunity;
• nasal injuries;
• facial bone injuries;
• chronic fatigue;
• chronic lack of sleep.

Whatever the cause of atrophic rhinitis, the disease must be treated as early as possible. It is also important to reduce the impact of negative factors that will further aggravate the problem, significantly complicating treatment.

Types and symptoms

Doctors divide the disease into 4 types. Each of them has its own characteristic manifestations. It is important to promptly identify the onset of pathology and prevent its further development.

1. Atrophic simple rhinitis. The treatment is the easiest. Patients often complain of a feeling of a foreign body in the nose, scanty, very viscous mucus and minor bleeding. In addition, as the disease progresses, the following are noted:
   • cortical formations in the nasal cavity that appear when mucous secretions dry out;
   • loss of smell;
   • whistling when inhaling;
   • predominant mouth breathing;
   • loss of appetite;
   • insomnia.
2. Subatrophic rhinitis - there are no obvious signs of the disease, and the presence of rhinitis is indicated only by the presence of dry crusts on the mucous membrane and its roughness. Such a runny nose is often not detected in a timely manner and remains untreated for a long time.
3. Infectious rhinitis. Symptoms are caused by pathogens and are divided into two categories - primary and secondary. Primary signs include:
   • inflammation in the nasopharynx;
   • increase in body temperature - depending on the individual characteristics of the body, from minor to serious;
   • sneezing;
   • severe runny nose;
   • restlessness;
   • increased nervousness;
   • poor quality sleep;
   • decreased appetite.

   When treatment is not carried out at this stage of the disease, the pathology progresses, and the patient develops the following additional symptoms:

   • jaw asymmetry;
   • swelling of the eyes;
   • swelling of the face;
   • deviated nasal septum;
   • softening of the nasal septum.
4. Ozena. A severe form of the disease in which a necrotic process develops in the mucosa. The mucus secreted by the glands has an intense putrid odor. The crusts that form in the nose are greenish-yellow in color and also smell bad. The patient is haunted by a feeling of nasal congestion and a rapid decrease in the acuity of smell. Urgent treatment is required.

Possible complications

If a patient ignores his condition for a long time and does not seek medical help, he has a high risk of severe complications. The main consequences of atrophic rhinitis are:

• structural changes in the nose;
• pneumonia;
• tracheitis;
• meningitis;
• inflammation of the trigeminal nerve;
• decline in immunity;
• frequent inflammatory diseases of the throat;
• conjunctivitis;
• neurasthenia;
• depression;
• hearing loss.

In particularly severe cases, sepsis (blood poisoning) is possible. This complication is observed extremely rarely and occurs only when several unfavorable factors are combined at once: an extreme decrease in immunity, extensive wound surfaces on the nasal mucosa and the particular aggressiveness of pathogenic microorganisms in the nasal cavity.

Diagnostic methods

Behind medical care, after discovering manifestations of atrophic rhinitis, you should contact an otolaryngologist. To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor needs the following:

• collection of anamnesis of the disease;
• performing rhinoscopy;
• a smear from the nasal passages with further microscopic examination and culture on a nutrient medium (in this way the causative agent of the disease is determined);
• X-ray examination;
• CT scan;
• analyzes to detect malfunctions endocrine system;
• checking hormonal status;
• blood analysis;
• endoscopic examination of the nasal passages.

The pathology is easily diagnosed, and after the initial examination of the nasal mucosa, the correct diagnosis is made. Advanced diagnostics are needed to obtain additional information about the disease in order to select the most effective treatment.

Treatment methods

If atrophic rhinitis occurs, self-medication is highly undesirable, since during the time spent on it, most likely to no avail, the pathology will progress. In treatment, in addition to traditional medications, physiotherapy is used, traditional methods, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.

At home, treatment is carried out only after visiting a doctor and agreeing with him on methods, which may also include folk remedies. Such therapy is excluded when there are already complications affecting the lungs, brain, or all systems and organs combined.

Hospitalization of a patient who does not have complications is required only if he has a high risk of developing them, or there are indications for surgical therapy.

The method of therapy is chosen exclusively by the attending physician, depending on the general condition patient and the stage of atrophic rhinitis.

Medication

The complex of drug treatment includes the following stages:

• irrigation of the nasal cavity with saline solution;
• rinsing the nasal cavity with antiseptic compounds;
• removal of crusts from the mucous membrane using alkaline compounds;
• irrigation of the mucous membrane with a composition containing 25% glucose and 75% glycerol;
• local antibiotics;
• emollient ointment for the nose;
• systemic immunomodulators;
• Estradiol spray;
• vitamins B and D by injection or orally.

If rhinitis is caused by pathologies that the patient already has and manifests itself only as a symptom, then they are eliminated and corrected first. Hormonal therapy may be used for this.

Watch how to prepare your own solution for rinsing the nose and restoring the mucous membrane.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is indicated to improve blood circulation in mucosal tissues and reduce its atrophy. The main procedures are:

• electrophoresis;
• helium-neon laser;
• ultraviolet irradiation;
• inductothermy of the nasal cavity;
• aeroionotherapy.

Physiotherapy treatment is carried out according to strict medical recommendations.

Surgical

Surgical intervention is prescribed in cases where its necessity is determined by a doctor after conservative therapy. Surgical treatment may be as follows:

• reduction of the nasal cavity if it is excessively enlarged;
• transplantation of donor tissues in case of irreversible destruction of one's own;
• transplantation of your own healthy tissue.

At surgical treatment illness, the recovery period is significantly longer.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies are used to moisturize the mucous membrane and improve blood circulation in it.

1. Rinse the nose with a decoction of calendula. Prepare the composition at the rate of 1 tsp. for 250 ml of water. Rinse your nose at least once every 3 hours. The product not only qualitatively moisturizes the mucous membrane, but also has a powerful antiseptic effect.
2. Putting olive oil in your nose. Carry out the procedure 2 times a day for at least 3 weeks. Place 1 drop of oil in each nostril. It is important that the product is free of impurities.
3. Rubbing the nose with sea buckthorn oil. Sea buckthorn oil soak a cotton swab and treat the nasal passages 4 times a day for at least 2 weeks.

Features of treatment during pregnancy and lactation

For nursing mothers, treatment is carried out using standard methods.

Atrophic rhinitis often occurs during pregnancy. The disease is predominantly acute. It is unacceptable to use physiotherapy for treatment at this time. The rest of the treatment is carried out according to the standard regimen.

Features of treatment in children

If atrophic rhinitis occurs in childhood, the child must be shown to a doctor. Children receive the same treatment as adults, but with age-appropriate treatments. They try to prescribe antibiotics only as a last resort.

1. Contact an otolaryngologist.
2. Compliance with all medical recommendations.
3. Regular ventilation of the room in the absence of the child.
4. Using a humidifier in a child's room.

What Not to Do

For atrophic rhinitis, the following is strictly prohibited:

• use vasoconstrictor drugs for instillation;
• use drying drops in the nose;
• smoking;
• being in dusty places;
• extraction of dry crusts without preliminary moistening.

If these restrictions are not observed, the disease progresses and leads to negative consequences.

Forecast and preventive measures

It is impossible to completely cure and restore damaged mucous membranes, which is why the disease is chronic. At proper treatment it is only possible to stop the pathological process and remove unpleasant symptoms.

To prevent the disease, regular hardening is indicated, proper nutrition and good rest. It is also important to ensure that the air in the apartment is always sufficiently humid.

Attending doctor

The disease is treated by an otolaryngologist. If you suspect a disease, you should contact him.

Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose. That is, tissue atrophy occurs; the pathological process involves glands and some elements of the peripheral nervous system. Drugs against atrophic rhinitis should not only remove a runny nose, but also restore the condition of the tissues.

The pathology is still not well understood. It is often hereditary in nature. In addition, the development of the disease is associated with endocrine imbalance, which most often occurs in people with a lack of iron and vitamin D in the body, with bacterial or viral respiratory infection, as well as with long-term use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops.

The symptoms and signs of atrophic rhinitis have been studied relatively well.

They include:

• feeling of dryness in the nasal cavity;
• constant formation of dry crusts, which can be located both in the anterior and posterior sections of the nasal cavity, which makes it possible to distinguish the disease from the less dangerous dry rhinitis;
• impaired sense of smell;
• since the body receives less oxygen, weakness is often felt;
• sometimes arise panic attacks associated with episodes of prolonged nosebleeds.

There are different forms of pathology. First of all, these are primary and secondary atrophic rhinitis. Symptoms of atrophic rhinitis appear during puberty. But sometimes it also happens that it appears much earlier, even at 12 months of age. You need to see your doctor to determine and eliminate the cause of the pathology, as well as receive recommendations regarding its treatment.

Sometimes subatrophic rhinitis is mentioned separately in the medical literature, but it is not advisable to single it out as an independent disease, since it represents the initial stage of the pathology.

There are 2 more clinical forms that are usually considered separately: ozena and anterior dry rhinitis. Ozena is characterized by a fetid odor and is accompanied by the formation of crusts of a specific green hue (with other types of pathology they may remain grayish-yellow). All other symptoms also appear, including dry nose.

The long course of the disease leads to damage to the mucous membranes of the nose. If this pathology develops unfavorably, it may happen that the structures of the nasal cavity are so damaged that perforation of the septum occurs. At the same time, similar processes occur on the mucous membrane of the pharynx.

Methods of general therapy

Features of the treatment of atrophic rhinitis are that, unlike other types of runny nose, it involves not only conservative, but also surgical methods such as narrowing of the nasal cavity or transfer of gland ducts.

Surgical treatments are used when conservative therapy did not give any result.

Treatment is aimed at improving the trophism of the mucous membrane, since deterioration in its nutrition is one of the prerequisites for the development of the disease. In addition to medications, a helium-neon laser provides a good stimulating effect in such cases.

As for conservative treatment, it involves methods such as:

1. The use of antibiotics. These are the latest generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones. They are prescribed after conducting a sensitivity analysis of the microflora (bacteria culture). Provided intravenous administration antibiotics.
2. Irrigation of the mucous membranes using physiological or saline solution.
3. Removing dry crusts using oils or alkaline solutions.
4. In lakes, an important role is played by the elimination unpleasant odor caused by the activity of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition to the use of systemic drugs, local antibiotics are prescribed.
5. Use of immunostimulants.

Physiotherapy plays an important role. It is aimed at improving blood circulation in the tissues of the mucous membrane. In addition to the already mentioned helium-neon laser, such means as electrophoresis, ultraviolet irradiation and aeroion therapy are used.

Methods of general stimulating treatment are used: blood transfusions, tissue therapy (when injections are given vitreous or aloe extract), vaccination.

For people who, due to the nature of their professional activities, are exposed to various chemical agents, prevention plays an important role. It is imperative to use respirators and inhale with alkaline oil solutions. It is important to monitor the cleanliness and humidity of the indoor air.

Medical treatment

When considering procedures that cleanse the nasal cavity and drugs for restoring the mucous membrane, specialists always start with irrigation therapy. For it, normotonic solutions of sodium chloride and sea ​​salt.

Such procedures can be carried out with saline solution or preparations such as Aqua Maris based on sea water. The products promote mechanical cleansing of the nasal cavity, they moisturize the mucous membrane and improve its condition.

There are a number of drugs that are applied to the mucous membranes so that they create a protective film and prevent it from drying out and the development of atrophic changes. These are products such as Glycerol, Aevit, Vinilin balm. Some oils used in folk medicine act in much the same way as the above drugs.

To reduce atrophic processes, various ointments with a softening effect are introduced into the nasal cavity: naphthalan, vaseline, lanolin. Candles based on chlorophyll-carotene paste are used. To eliminate disorders of the nervous system and blood circulation, irritant therapy is carried out, stimulating the functioning of the glands, lubricating the mucous membranes with Lugol's solution. This helps eliminate drying mucus and helps normalize secretion production. The dosage of all drugs is prescribed by the doctor.

As for inhalations, they are made based on infusions of plantain or coltsfoot leaves. Standard proportion: 1 tbsp. crushed dry raw materials per glass of boiling water; leave for an hour.

Drops

In addition to vasoconstrictor drops, drugs are used to moisturize the mucous membrane, for example, Pinosol. This oil-based preparation is made from plant materials and contains a mixture essential oils eucalyptus, thyme, pine, enriched with vitamin E.

Pinosol can also be used for inhalation. In addition, in addition to drops, when treating rhinitis, this drug can be used in the form of an ointment or cream, since it contains a high content of active ingredients.

For atrophic rhinitis, Derinat is considered an excellent choice. These drops are used to enhance cellular and humoral immunity. They help the body fight bacterial, viral and fungal infections, stimulate the restoration of mucosal tissue.

Sprays

Drugs for the treatment of atrophic rhinitis are produced in the form of sprays. A spray with ectoine makes breathing easier. This substance is naturally synthesized by beneficial bacteria. It is necessary to protect the mucous membranes, in particular, it helps prevent the consequences of the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation, dust, and other irritants; prevents dry nose.

For rhinitis, IRS-19 spray is widely used. This is an immunostimulant based on bacterial lysates, which destroy the cells of pathogenic microorganisms that have already settled on the mucous membrane.

Pills

To treat rhinitis, tablets are used that reduce the viscosity of capillary blood, improve microcirculation in the mucous membranes and normalize the supply of oxygen to tissues. These are mainly Pentoxifylline and other drugs based on the same active substance, for example, Agapurin. In addition, such drugs have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the central nervous system.

Are used and various means to stimulate immune system, vitamin complexes:

• routine;
• iron preparations with aloe extract;
• phytin (organic phosphorus).

The drug Ferrum Lek works effectively; The medicine is produced both in the form of tablets and in the form of liquid for injection.

Treatment of illness with folk remedies

Traditional medicine plays a secondary role in the treatment of rhinitis. The fact is that they are only effective as local therapy. At the same time, alternative medicine methods can be more effective than ready-made preparations containing silver, iodine, phenol or ichthyol.

The oils mainly used are rosehip and sea buckthorn, eucalyptus and thuja. They are used in small quantities, just to make it easier to remove the crusts and to speed up tissue restoration. Rosehip oil and other similar products can be applied to cotton pads, which are inserted alternately into each nostril for 15-20 minutes. This softens the crusts and makes the peeling process easier. In addition, it is recommended to cleanse the nose with a solution of pine extract (1 part extract / 5 parts water).

You can rinse your nasal cavity saline solution(1 tsp/1 liter of warm water). The salt concentration can be reduced if the mucous membrane tingles after using the solution.

Decoctions work well medicinal plants(chamomile, calendula, yarrow herbs). They are all prepared the same way: 1 tbsp. vegetable raw materials per glass of hot water. After the product has infused, it is filtered and used to rinse the nose.

Unlike other types of inflammation of the mucous membrane, atrophic rhinitis is not accompanied by copious secretion of liquid mucus or thick exudate.

Vice versa, pathological changes epithelial secretory membrane provoke its increased drying out and the formation of crusts.

Tissue atrophy occurs slowly, in several stages. A feature of the disease is the development of ozena at a late stage and complete or partial loss of smell.

Atrophy of the nasal mucosa: what does it mean?

According to the International Classification, thinning of the secretory epithelium is assigned the ICD-10 code - J31.0. It refers to diseases that occur in a chronic form.

which can be caused by various pathogens and negative effects on the human body:

• Viruses;
• Bacteria;
• Allergens;
• Dusty air, chemicals;
• Systemic diseases;
• Long stay in the cold, etc.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane gradually disrupts the functioning of ciliated cells and leads to its pathological disorders.

In addition, a runny nose can be caused by the presence of systemic diseases, for example, the endocrine system. Also, taking medications or lack of vitamins in the human body contributes to the development of respiratory tract dysfunction.

Main symptoms of the disease

Upon examination, the ENT specialist will notice characteristic dysfunctions of the epithelial surface - its color becomes pale pink. The structure of the cell surface is distinguished by a matte tint and a noticeable thinning of its thickness.

Chronic atrophic rhinitis is accompanied by the following manifestations:

• Increased dryness;
• Formation of dried secretion growths;
• Constant feeling of tightness;
• Intermittent bleeding that stops quickly;
• Difficulty smelling.

If a patient develops ozena, the main symptom is the foul odor of the discharge. They are viscous and quickly form dense crusts.

The thinned secretory area is easily damaged, so patients suffer from bleeding. Blood does not flow profusely; it is usually found in the exudate in the form of veins.

Catarrhal discharge is viscous, viscous, and has a putrid odor. The resulting dense growths cause discomfort. When they are picked, bleeding and inflammation may begin.

When the functionality of the epithelium is impaired, the disease easily becomes infectious if pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the site of inflammation. A runny nose is accompanied decreased sense of smell or complete loss of smell.

If the disease is not treated correctly, dysfunctional disorders spread to the entire nasopharynx and even affect the Eustachian tubes. Over time, bones and cartilage become thinner, and deformations occur that change appearance person.

Associated manifestations of a dysfunctional state are:

• Deterioration in general health;
• Weakness;
• Insomnia;
• Fast fatiguability;
• Painful sensations in the facial area.

The first signs of atrophy appear already in childhood. A last stage can occur only after 40 years of age.

Reasons for the development of atrophic rhinitis

Basically, atrophy is provoked by the following negative influences:

Hereditary factors. Often, drying out and degenerative changes in the shell are passed on from generation to generation. This may also be associated with other systemic diseases (malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system).

Upper respiratory tract infections. If intranasal inflammation, sinusitis or other pathologies caused by pathogenic microorganisms are treated incorrectly or at the wrong time, then chronic edema turns into atrophic runny nose.

Unfavorable environmental conditions. Working in hazardous enterprises where there are chemicals, dusty air or high levels of gases also has a detrimental effect on respiratory system. Even household chemicals and various cleaners with spray nozzles can cause complications.

Iron deficiency. Common cause The development of the disease is precisely the lack of this microelement in the body.

Research has shown that the depletion of secretory cells is interrelated. That is, if a person has dysfunctional processes in the gastrointestinal tract, for example, with gastritis, then, most likely, in the future the same problem will affect the area of ​​the upper respiratory tract.

Diagnostics: basic methods

Based on the symptoms and results of anterior rhinoscopy, the ENT specialist will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. The inner anterior walls of the patient's nasal pyramid will be pale, with dried secretions, and thinned.

Then, during the examination, the doctor will be able to assess the condition of the membrane, how far the pathological changes have spread, and what stage it is at the moment.

In addition, it is important to check the sensitivity of the olfactory receptors. If the patient has partial or complete anosmia, then a diagnosis of dry rhinitis can be made.

In conclusion, the doctor refers the patient to radiological diagnostics: CT scan or x-ray of the facial part of the skull. In this case, the specialist checks whether the pathology occurs along with sinusitis, affecting the accessory cavities. They also determine if there is any thinning in the bones or cartilage. Source: nasmorkam.net

The main directions in the treatment of the depleted state of the secretion zone are:

1. Stimulation of local blood circulation.
2. Supplying the organ with essential nutrients.
3. Moisturizes and prevents crust formation.
4. Destruction of pathogenic microflora.

Rinsing the nasopharynx with saline components Topical preparations that contain microelements important for the body allow you to regulate the functional properties of the epithelial layer.

It is believed that the following elements can increase the motor activity of ciliated cilia: calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, copper.

Salt rinsing is prescribed if the runny nose is allergic or vasomotor, subatrophic or infectious, since it has several healing properties:

• Has an antiseptic effect, washing out allergens, dust, and infections from the cavity;
• Accelerates the healing of microcracks and damage;
• Strengthens blood vessels;
• Supplies the necessary chemical elements.

You can prepare solutions from sea salt yourself or buy ready-made preparations. The frequency of manipulations and the duration of physiotherapy are selected by the ENT specialist.

Atrophic rhinitis: treatment with medications

Therapy for the pathological condition is carried out to eliminate increased tissue dryness.

It consists of a set of various measures aimed at relieving unpleasant manifestations.

To moisturize the secretory layer, products with a prolonged moisturizing effect, as well as those with a softening effect, are prescribed. At home, ointments are used, for example, Vaseline, naphthalene, etc.

Atrophic rhinitis is also treated with healing emollient oils:

Such medications saturate tissues with moisture and, thanks to the presence of vitamin E, regenerate damaged areas of cells. In addition, they prevent the secretions from drying out quickly.

An ENT specialist will tell you how to treat subatrophic rhinitis caused by a bacterial pathogen. If pathogenic microorganisms are identified, antibiotics may be prescribed:

• Levomycytin;
• Tetracycline;
• Streptomycin;
• Syntomycin or others.

Most often, Klebsiella is detected during atrophy. Therapy should be carried out for 5-7 days. Antibacterial medications are prescribed in the form of intranasal drops/ointments or in the form of injections. At the same time, during physiatry, the nose is rinsed with iodine medicine.

Additionally, with an antibacterial regimen of medication administration, drugs may be prescribed to increase local immunity so that the body can independently fight pathogens.

Treatment in adults

The sooner therapy is started, the sooner patients can experience the positive results of physiatry. It is important to note that if organ depletion is provoked systemic diseases, then first of all, adults need to seek help from highly specialized specialists.

Why can a person with depletion of the epithelial region be sent to rheumatologists? This is necessary in order to for the doctor to determine whether the patient has an autoimmune disorder, which often causes membrane dysfunction and decreased local immunity.

As already mentioned, if the disease is infectious, antibiotics should be used, administered systemically. And in addition to the treatment regimen, irrigation with iodine solutions is prescribed.

When a dried secretion that is difficult to separate is formed, nasal drops containing oils that have a softening effect are recommended, making it easy to remove the dried dense exudate from the nostrils.

You should also wash with saline liquids or disinfectants.

Before administering intranasal antibacterial substances, be sure to clear the cavity of secretions. You can soften the crusts using turundas, which are soaked in glycerin and glucose. After they leave, antibiotics are applied in the form of ointments or drops. Doctors also prescribe various methods physiotherapy.

If the illness lasts a long time and causes serious disorders that cannot be treated drug treatment, then resort to surgical intervention. Operations are performed in different ways:

With excessively wide nasal passages perform procedures that narrow Airways. They can move the walls of the nose. If necessary, implants or grafts are inserted under the mucous tissue to fill the volume of the nasal structure.

To relieve excessive dryness, perform operations to remove gland ducts into the nasal cavity. Thus, it is possible to restore the necessary humidity.

In each individual case, surgical methods are selected individually. But it is best to contact an ENT specialist before drug therapy can no longer help the patient.

The most difficult consequence of the pathology is the spread of the debilitating process to surrounding organs.

Treatment in children

In childhood, it is very important to recognize the cause of the disease and eliminate it. First of all, moisturizing procedures are done. Use sea salt or special preparations from the pharmacy. In addition, normal air humidity in the room should be maintained.

If a child develops an illness due to allergies, then antihistamines are prescribed and care is taken to ensure that he does not come into contact with allergens. Additionally, oil-alkaline inhalations are performed to soften the crusts.

In children, the elimination of a pathological condition should be carried out by an experienced ENT specialist, who at an early stage of the disease will be able to eliminate unpleasant symptoms and prevent the occurrence of more severe consequences.
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How to treat folk remedies?

Recipes from alternative medicine suggest treating intranasal wall depletion with the help of herbal ingredients. Ingestion of various decoctions helps increase immunity and the body's ability to fight infectious pathogens. They also have a general strengthening effect.

Local use of folk remedies is aimed at moisturizing, relieving the inflammatory reaction and deodorizing crusts with an unpleasant putrefactive odor. Medicines prevent the development of increased drying of the epithelium.

Here are some methods by which treatment is carried out folk remedies:

Washing; Cleansing of the nasopharynx is carried out with medicinal liquids (saline, saline, herbal decoctions). They relieve swelling, moisturize, soften the growths of dried secretions and promote their removal from the walls. To prepare the infusion, it is recommended to take 2 tbsp. sage and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. After it has stood for 2 hours, it can be used for irrigation.

Another infusion recipe is made from chamomile or calendula, which have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. To do this you need to take 1 tsp. plants and pour a glass of boiling water.

Lubricating the nostrils with oils; Sea buckthorn or olive oil is used to moisturize tissues and soften dried growths. They lubricate the inner walls of the nostrils well. You can also drop 1-2 drops intranasally into each nasal passage. They promote the discharge of viscous secretions. Introduction of turunda; Rosehip or sea buckthorn oil can be injected with cotton swabs and kept for 25-30 minutes. These medications painlessly remove secretions, promote the healing of microcracks, and relieve inflammatory processes. The moisturizing effect provides comfort while breathing.

For oral administration, you can prepare decoctions:

1. Black currants, rose hips, lingonberries and raspberries take in equal quantities and mix well. 1 tbsp. The mixture is brewed in 200 ml of water. Leave to brew for 40 minutes. Take a decoction of 70 ml three times a day. Take after meals.
2. 1 part black currant and 3 parts each rosehip and nettle Brew with 400 ml water. Boil over low heat for another 10 minutes. After this, remove and leave for an hour. Take 100 ml three times a day.

Folk remedies are good at helping to get rid of signs of dysfunctional changes.

Everyone is familiar with the classic runny nose (rhinitis). It often accompanies off-season periods. If you treat it lightly and do not fully treat it, it goes into the chronic stage. Further, the disease takes the form of atrophic rhinitis, when the tissues of the nasal mucosa forever lose the ability to perform their functions. Complete information about this serious disease will help you promptly recognize the symptoms of an approaching pathology, consult a doctor and begin treatment for atrophic rhinitis.

Features of atrophic rhinitis

Chronic inflammatory process on the nasal mucosa leads to degenerative tissue changes. They become denser and change in structure. Nerve endings stop functioning and become pinched blood vessels. Over time, the nasal septum becomes thinner and deformed. The sense of smell decreases and then completely disappears.

Unlike the classic runny nose, atrophic rhinitis does not have copious mucous discharge. In the nose, you feel increased dryness of the mucous layer, and crusts are forming. Tissue damage occurs gradually. The color of the mucous layer changes. The cilia of the epithelium can no longer purify and warm the inhaled air. In place of dying cells of the mucous membrane, connective tissue, more dense and rough in structure. Breathing becomes heavy. The brain lacks oxygen, the head begins to ache and feel dizzy.

Atrophic changes in the nasal mucosa are dangerous. If you do not treat atrophic rhinitis in a timely manner, it will be difficult to stop this process. In severe cases, changes in bone tissue are possible.

Reasons for the development of rhinitis

Atrophic rhinitis is inflammatory disease walls of the nasopharynx. It is caused by various pathogens and negative effects on the body.

Factors provoking atrophic rhinitis:

Genetic predisposition;
infectious diseases;
long stay in a dusty, smoky room;

Lack of iron in the body;
hypovitaminosis;
allergic reactions;

Unbalanced diet;
abuse alcoholic drinks, nicotine;
prolonged exposure to the cold;

Bad climatic conditions;
ionizing radiation;
work in hazardous production;

Long-term treatment vasoconstrictor drugs;
condition after surgery on the nasopharynx;
hormonal imbalance;
overstrain of a psychogenic nature, especially in adolescence.

Some diseases contribute to the development of atrophic rhinitis, for example, tuberculosis, gastritis. It also provokes cholelithiasis, dyskinesia of the bile ducts, injuries to the face and nose.

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Manifestations of atrophic rhinitis

Signs of the disease develop gradually. First, bacterial rhinitis becomes increasingly worse. Mucous discharge takes on a purulent appearance (green color). Thickening occurs and crusts form. The blood supply to the mucous layer is disrupted, and degenerative changes in the tissues begin.

The main symptoms of atrophic rhinitis:

Increased dryness in the nose;
crust formation;
expansion of the nasal passages;

Whistling sounds when inhaling;
dizziness;
feeling of constriction in the nasal cavity;

Regular bleeding that stops quickly;
difficulty breathing;
difficulties with smell.

Children have a hard time suffering from the disease. They find it difficult to breathe. They begin to open their mouths, which also dry out. Their appetite decreases, normal sleep is disturbed, their mood worsens, tearfulness, irritability, and anxiety increase. If you want to blow your nose, nothing happens, since there is no discharge, but there is a feeling of stuffiness.

The temperature with atrophic rhinitis is not elevated, the condition does not resemble a cold in the acute stage. For this reason, not every patient will rush to the doctor. There is almost no runny nose. Many people cope with nasal congestion with the help of vasoconstrictor medications.

Rhinitis of atrophic origin differs from similar pathologies. U allergic rhinitis the symptoms are different. Signs will only appear when the allergen to which the person reacts is nearby. With atrophy, rhinitis will be constant, since the process of inflammation and tissue changes has begun and continues until it is stopped by treatment.

The last stage of atrophic rhinitis is ozena. Distinctive feature is a foul odor from the nose. The person himself does not feel it, since the sense of smell no longer works. This causes great discomfort to the people around. The stage is characterized by destruction of bone tissue at the site of inflammation, deformation of the face, and changes in the shape of the nose.

Diagnostics

Already during the examination, the ENT doctor will be able to determine degenerative changes in the mucous layer of the nasal passages. The inner front walls will be pale in color, thinned with dried crusts of discharge. Further diagnostics will be aimed at determining the extent of the spread of the pathological process and the stage of the disease.

A rhinoscopy is performed, a swab is taken from the nose, and an X-ray of the facial part of the skull is taken to examine the paranasal sinuses. If necessary, a tomography is prescribed. Based on all the data, the diagnosis is clarified and therapy is determined.

They try to get rid of atrophic rhinitis using conservative methods, if it doesn’t help, then use surgical intervention. Timely conservative therapy can significantly improve the patient’s condition, accelerate the restoration of the mucous layer, and improve the functioning of the nasal structures and its glands.

Read also: Allergic rhinitis - symptoms, causes and methods of treating rhinitis

Medical treatment

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis medicines complex, includes several areas at once. Therapy for children must be agreed upon with a pediatrician.

The main treatment for rhinitis should be antibacterial drugs. They must eliminate the cause of the pathological process on the mucous membrane. Prescriptions depend on the type of pathogen, which is determined based on the results laboratory diagnostics. Rifampicin, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin are often prescribed.

Moisturizing preparations, for example, Dolphin, Aqualor, Aquamaris, improve the functional state of the nose. For purulent green discharge, use antiseptics– Furacilin, Dioxidin, Miramistin. Improves blood supply to the affected area with Trental ointment, Pentoxifylline. Solcoseryl effectively promotes the healing of atrophic areas.
To eliminate iron deficiency, medications containing this component are prescribed. Ferrum Lek, Ferrocal, Hemofer, Ferritin have proven themselves well. Facilitate nasal breathing, quickly relieve congestion, help reduce headaches, vasoconstrictors medicines– Otrivin, Galazolin, Nazivin. To improve the outflow of mucus from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, it is recommended combination drug plant origin Sinupret.

To improve the patient's well-being, symptomatic therapy is used. It helps restore nasal breathing and thin mucus. For this, mucolytic agents are recommended - Rinofluimucil, Sinuforte. Camphor and Vaseline ointments prevent the formation of dry crusts.

General strengthening and immune-stimulating therapy includes taking vitamin complexes, using biological supplements, and using physiotherapeutic procedures. Electrophoresis, balneotherapy, helium-neon laser, ultraviolet irradiation, and aeroionotherapy are often prescribed.

Conservative treatment of children and adults is carried out in long courses. During the period of remission, you need to do moisturizing procedures, for example, rinsing the nasal passages with saline solutions.

Children can have nasal swabs. Soak a sterile cotton swab in glycerin or a special solution as recommended by a doctor and place it in one nostril. Leave for 2 hours. Remove carefully; crusts will come out along with the tampon. After a few procedures, relief will be noticeable.

Inhalation using a nebulizer helps well. For the procedure you need to take alkaline and oil solutions. The crusts in the nose will soften and separate well. Breathing will gradually improve, and moisture will be restored in the nasal passages.

Surgical methods for treating atrophic rhinitis

An operation is prescribed if treatment of atrophic rhinitis with conservative methods has not yielded results or there are anatomical disorders, for example, a deviated nasal septum. Modern surgery prefers minimally invasive techniques (laser therapy) to improve blood supply, metabolic processes, and cell restoration. If the tissue thinning has reached a large size, then implantation is performed. During the operation, sections of cartilage are implanted, which are taken from other parts of the body, for example, from the maxillary sinuses.

Atrophic rhinitis is a pathology of the nasal mucosa of a chronic course, which is characterized by degenerative sclerotic changes (dryness and thinning of the nasal mucosa, atrophy of the bone tissue of the organ, damage to blood vessels and nerve endings). The consequence of atrophic changes is loss of smell, deformation of the nasal septum, scanty but frequent nosebleeds. The disease is diagnosed in representatives of absolutely all age categories. Residents of environmentally unfavorable regions, as well as areas with prevailing dry and hot weather, are most susceptible to it.

A feature of the pathology is the absence of copious discharge from the nasal passages. On the contrary, the mucous membrane of the olfactory organ dries out greatly, which is why crusts form on its inner walls. When they are removed, minor nosebleeds may occur.


Primary and secondary types of atrophic rhinitis in children and adults are determined. Why the first type of disease occurs is still not known exactly. However, its development is associated with exposure pathogenic agents ordinary runny nose. The second type of atrophic rhinitis occurs due to the influence of an unfavorable environment on a person and various dysfunctions of the body.

But there are other types of disease.

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Infectious form of the disease

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Causes of the disease

If we talk about the reasons due to which an atrophic runny nose of an infectious nature can develop, the most common bacteria are Klebsiella, Bordetella, Mycoplasma, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other reasons include:

• heredity;
• unfavorable environment;
• lack of iron in the body and hypovitaminosis;
• abuse of alcohol, drugs, tobacco products;
• poor nutrition;
• uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictor drops;
• contact with chemicals;
• taking hormonal medications;
• complications after operations on ENT organs;
• frequent stress, overexertion, psycho-emotional instability;
• work associated with hazardous production.

Atrophic type of rhinitis can also be caused by other diseases of the body:

• atrophic gastritis;
• gallbladder pathology;
• immunodeficiency;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• autoimmune infections;
• rhinoscleroma;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• hormonal disorders;
• catarrh of the upper respiratory tract;
• metabolic disorder;
• nasal injuries (surgical, household);
• vasculitis

Research shows that secretory cell depletion is interrelated. For example, if a dysfunction is detected in the human body digestive organs, then there is a high probability that this pathological process will affect the organs of the upper respiratory tract after some time.

Symptoms of atrophic rhinitis

Each form of atrophic rhinitis is characterized by certain symptoms.

The following general symptoms may be the reason for an unscheduled consultation with an otolaryngologist:

• dryness of the mucous membrane of the olfactory organ;
• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• abnormal formation of crusts in the organ cavity;
• a feeling of tightness in the nose that is constant;
• periodic, scanty nosebleeds that are easy to stop;
• itching, burning in the nose.

These general symptoms are necessarily accompanied by poor appetite, sleep disturbances, nervousness, and headaches.

How to distinguish a regular runny nose from an atrophic one?

A common runny nose is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. It can arise by various reasons: this includes the impact of pathogenic microorganisms, allergens, and other factors that provoke the disease. A common runny nose is characterized by an acute course with a gradual increase in symptoms. But provided that the patient has a strong immune system or uses the correct treatment regimen, the disease goes away within 10-14 days.


A common runny nose is characterized by 3 stages of development:

1. During the first 2-48 hours, the patient experiences severe itching and burning in the nasal passages, slight hyperthermia is noted, the sense of smell deteriorates, the perception of tastes is impaired, and nasal breathing becomes difficult.
2. WITH active development virus in the body, there is a copious discharge of liquid mucus from the nose, nasal breathing is complicated, the ears become blocked, the body temperature rises, appetite disappears, lacrimation and frequent sneezing are possible.
3. After 4-5 days, the secreted mucus becomes thicker and has a purulent consistency. From about the 7th day, the nasal passages begin to clear of viruses, the mucous discharge gradually disappears, and the patient’s condition improves.

With atrophic rhinitis, the dryness of the mucous membrane is constant, there is practically no mucous discharge, but nasal congestion persists. Due to the crusts that form in the nose, there is a feeling of the presence of a foreign body, and minor bleeding is possible.

What is the best way to treat atrophic rhinitis?

It is much easier to cure nasal atrophy at the initial stage of development. Therefore, it is very important to contact a specialist for help when you detect the first signs of pathology. The otolaryngologist examines the patient and, based on the results obtained, will build an optimal treatment regimen for atrophic rhinitis.

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis with folk remedies

It is not recommended to treat atrophic rhinitis exclusively with folk remedies - it is only a good and effective addition to drug therapy. In addition, a doctor must prescribe such prescriptions: independent use of folk remedies can aggravate the disease.

Oils (olive, rosehip oil) are used as non-medicinal products to help moisturize the nasal mucosa, softening the crusts that have formed. Various tinctures and decoctions help strengthen local immunity and eliminate the inflammatory process; aloe juice helps restore cells. Generally ethnoscience for atrophic rhinitis, it is used for moisturizing, relieving inflammation, and deodorizing during ozone.


Traditional medicine offers the following recipes that significantly improve the patient’s well-being with atrophic rhinitis:

1. To increase immunity, combine rose hips, raspberry leaves, black currants and lingonberries in equal parts. A tablespoon of the crushed mixture is poured into 200 ml of boiling water and, covering the container, leave for 40 minutes. Take the drink after meals, 70 ml 3 times a day.
2. To remove inflammatory process mint leaves, St. John's wort and thyme herbs, as well as valerian roots are mixed in a ratio of 2:2:1:1. A tablespoon of herbs should be poured into a glass (250 ml) of long tea (boiling). The decoction should steep for half an hour. Take the drink three times a day after meals in the amount of 100 ml.
3. To rinse the nasal cavity, use a chamomile decoction: pour a teaspoon of chamomile with a glass of boiling water and leave, covering the container with a tight lid, for about 40 minutes. Strain the broth thoroughly and cool to room temperature. Rinse your nose with the decoction several times a day.
4. Decoction of 2 tbsp. calendula flowers, steamed 2 tbsp. After two hours of infusion, filter boiled water and rinse your nose with it at least once a day.
5. Grind 2-3 tbsp. sage leaves, pour boiling water (0.5 l) over them and leave for 2 hours. Before using the decoction to rinse the nasal passages, it must be filtered and, if necessary, heated a little.
6. Instillation of sea buckthorn or olive oil 2-3 drops in each nostril helps soften crusts and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
7. Rinsing the nose with aloe juice promotes cell regeneration.
8. Rinsing the nose with sea water is also effective. It is prepared by dissolving a level teaspoon of sea salt in a glass of boiled water. The result is a classic 1% saline solution.
9. Moisten turundas with 10% propolis oil and insert into the nasal passages. Such procedures relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and promote cell regeneration.
10. Mix a teaspoon of butter with 50 ml of sunflower oil and 10 g of ground propolis. Moisten the turundas with the resulting mixture and place them in the nasal passages for 20-30 minutes. Perform the procedure in the morning and evening.

Drug therapy at home

The chronic form of atrophic rhinitis, the treatment of which is best coordinated with an experienced ENT doctor, cannot be cured without drug therapy. The entire treatment procedure is divided into general and symptomatic therapy. For general treatment vitamin complexes (A, C, group B), proper nutrition, iodine and iron complexes (Ferrocal, Ferrum Lek, Ferritin) are prescribed if the patient has a deficiency. The main goal of general drug therapy is to increase the body's resistance.

• nasal preparations and aerosol inhalations based on oils - these preparations help to soften the crusts and their easy removal from the nasal cavity (Nazivin, Otrivin, Galazolin, Bioparox, Polidexa, Isofra; oils for inhalation - sea ​​buckthorn, peach, olive);
• saline solutions for moisturizing the nasal mucosa (“Acesol”, “Glucosolan”, “Disol”, sodium chloride);
• ointments that accelerate tissue regeneration and improve metabolism (“Vaseline” ointment, “Linseed” and “Camphor”);
• emollient drugs that stop and prevent mucosal atrophy (“Trental”, “Pentoxifylline”, “Curantil”);
• a course of antibiotics for the infectious form of atrophic rhinitis (broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed - Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Rifampicin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin);
• medications for recovery secretory function nasal mucosa (“Solcoseryl”, “Sodium Adenosine Triphosphate”, “Sinupret”);
• physiotherapy (UV irradiation procedures, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, aerotherapy, aerosol inhalations with enzymes - “Trypsin”, “Ribonuclease”, “Collagenase”).

Is it necessary to treat atrophic rhinitis surgically?

Methods of surgical treatment of atrophic type rhinitis are used if conservative treatment is ineffective. The surgical process is also indicated for obvious atrophy (excessive expansion of the nasal cavities and atrophy of the bone frame of the organ). Operations to eliminate defects involve implanting various alloplastic materials into the area of ​​the septum and the bottom of the nasal cavity: mesh lavsan, plates of tubular bones, placenta, amniotic membranes, nylon (polyamide), acrylic plastic, etc.

Features of the treatment of atrophic rhinitis in a child

In children, atrophic rhinitis differs in symptoms and treatment, but this difference is insignificant. Pathology in children must be treated by an experienced ENT doctor. Initially, it is important to understand the cause of the disease - the treatment regimen depends on this. As a rule, the doctor will prescribe medications to moisturize the nasal mucosa. These can be special solutions of sea salt or pharmaceutical preparations based on sea water. It is also mandatory to maintain optimal air humidity in the room where the child is.

If the pathology is a consequence of allergies, the child is prescribed antihistamines and avoids contact with allergens. To soften crusts in the nose, inhalations with oil-alkaline solutions are prescribed. Generally used complex therapy with the use of drugs aimed at stopping the inflammatory process, eliminating the symptoms of the disease, restoring full respiratory function, strengthening the immune system, and stopping tissue atrophy. Proper nutrition and a gentle regimen, as well as a favorable environment in the home, play an important role.

Possible complications

If the disease is ignored, the following complications may arise:

• anosmia - loss of sense of smell;
• decreased immunity;
• deformation of the nose, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
• pharyngitis, laryngitis;
• ear infection;
• meningitis;
• pneumonia;
• tracheobronchitis;
• inflammation of the eyeballs;
• purulent sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sphenoiditis, frontal sinusitis;
• inflammation of the pharynx, larynx, trachea;
• gastrointestinal pathologies;
• trigeminal neuralgia;
• depressive states, neurasthenia, apathy.

The atrophic form of rhinitis is a rather complex disease that is important to diagnose in time. Any delay can cause serious complications. In addition, the pathology itself negatively affects the general well-being of the patient, reducing his performance and quality of life in general.