Datura grass: healing effect and safe use. The poisonous plant Datura vulgaris It is also sometimes called

Datura is considered a poisonous plant. By the way, it is called differently: "angel's tube", "stray grass", "moon flower", "drunk cucumber" and "henbane". It is known that this flowering plant belongs to the nightshade family, and therefore is a relative of tomatoes, potatoes and even eggplants.

In the people it is also called dope-grass. The description of this flower can be found in many textbooks on botany, and his photographs are also placed there.

Datura plant in large quantities can be found in any area. Usually, dope chooses the following territories for its habitat: wastelands, roadsides and vegetable gardens.

This flower plant grows up to 1.5 meters. It has a thick stem and huge leaves with small teeth. The root of this herbaceous plant is completely white and rather long, taproot. Fragrant and large flowers Most often white, but lilac can also be found.

In their shape, they resemble a small lily. They germinate in the convolutions of the stem, and in one place there can be no more than one of them. There are only five flower petals. Buds open only in the evening.

The fruits of "naughty - herbs" consist of a box in which there are four sections covered with small spines. Each box contains approximately 800 grains. Datura starts blooming in July and ends its flowering only at the end of September, and already in October the fruits begin to ripen.

Types of dope grass

The bushes of this plant most often grow in small groups. At present, biologists have counted 13 species of this plant, and it is worth noting that they are all poisonous. On the Internet you can find a large number of photos of dope ordinary.

In Europe, the following types of dope are considered the most common:

1. Ordinary.
2. Strong-barreled.
3. Indian.
4. Indian.

The amount of poisons in this plant depends on what time this flower is collected and in what place. And for this you need to know the composition of the plant:

• alkaloids;
• carotene;
• tannins;
• essential oils;
• fats;
• trace elements.

Datura, of course, maybe a natural medicine, be used as a remedy, but sometimes leads to the death of a person. It has been proven that alkaloids are found in all private plants in different proportions:

• 0.4% - leaves.
• 0.15% - stems.
• 0.2% - seeds.
• 0.25% - roots.
• 0.2% - flowers.

History of the flower plant

Unfortunately, it is impossible to establish the homeland of this plant. But the first mentions of it are in the legends of Europe, America, Africa and Asia. Therefore, there are two stories of the origin of henbane: American and Asian.

According to the first version, Datura seeds were brought from America by the sailors of Columbus. The second theory claims that wandering gypsies once found strange and intoxicating seeds in the steppes near the Caspian Sea. They are then they were taken all over Asia.

But these legends do not find their documentary confirmation. And this herbaceous plant became widespread thanks to the healers, who just transported its seeds.

It is worth noting that soothsayers also used henbane for mystical rites. And the Aztecs generally considered this herb sacred, as it was used by priests, causing hallucinations that allow them to communicate with higher powers.

The seed pods of this flower plant were sacrificed to the deity. The Indian tribes also used this herb to perform witchcraft rituals. Chinese doctors used this plant in the Middle Ages. for the treatment of many diseases.

Hindus watered the dancers of the Shiva temple with dope wine to plunge into ecstasy. But in Europe in the Middle Ages there was a legend that sorcerers prepared a special ointment based on dope, which made it possible for them to fly on a broomstick.

The history of Datura goes far with its roots in antiquity, as they appeared on the basis of the name of this flower plant and surnames in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine: Durmanovsky, Datura and others.

The use of dope grass in medicine

Even in ancient Greek medicine, dating back to the 4th century BC, many healing properties henbane. For example, the 11th century physician Avicenna described this herb as a beautiful drug.

But of course, the medicinal properties of a plant depend on the content of alkaloids in it. So, hyoscyamine helps to reduce the secretion of bile, sweat, saliva, and also stimulates the heart.

In the modern world, the pharmacological industry produces a wide variety of drugs that contain dope, and they are great for treating the following diseases:

1. Bronchial asthma.
2. Bronchitis.
3. Ulcers of the stomach.
4. Ulcers of the duodenum.
5. Colitis.
6. cholecystitis.
7. Tachycardia.
8. Sea and air sickness.
9. mental illness.
10. Neuralgia.
11. Rheumatism.

In medicine dope decoctions are used, which is ideal for rinsing, rubbing, enemas or douching. Datura oil tincture is used externally. But with constipation, it is possible to take it orally. And the oil is great for epilation. There is also a dry powder of dope leaves, which is added to special cigarettes for asthmatics.

"Crazy grass" is also used in veterinary medicine, for example, to treat seizures in cattle or to increase the fat layer of meat in pigs.

But it is always worth remembering that if the dose of consumption for a person is calculated incorrectly, then this can be fatal. Therefore, without the recommendations of a doctor and consultation, use it For self-treatment dope is undesirable.

Procurement of vegetable raw materials

Traditional healers try to collect dope on their own, but for this they follow a few simple rules: it is worth collecting during the warm season, the weather should be clear and sunny and this should be done no earlier than 10 am.

But it is necessary to observe some precautions. For example, you should not take this plant with your hands, but use gloves for this purpose. You can not dry this raw material at home, and even more so in the oven.

Ready-made raw materials are divided into leaves, flowers and seeds and prepared separately in tightly closed jars. Such blanks can be stored for 2 years. After any work with the plant, it is necessary wash your hands well.

Decorative use of Datura

Some varieties of dope are used in garden plots and as ornamental plants. Many gardeners like her for her unpretentious care. Its reproduction occurs by seeds.

In the spring, the seeds, soaked in hot water, are planted in pots with the ground prepared in the fall. At the end of May, the resulting seedlings can be planted already in open ground. After 3 weeks, the first buds will begin to appear. Datura grass flowers photos can be found on many sites on the Internet or in encyclopedias.

Datura is planted in dachas mainly because of the beautiful flowering. The natural color of dope is white, but you can also find hybrid forms of this plant that bloom and lilac, purple, magenta and yellow flowers. The incredibly pleasant aroma of flowers helps to mask many unpleasant odors in garden areas.

Dope care includes three main conditions:

• Sun;
• loose earth;
• timely watering.

But on the other hand, weeds do not form near the dope, the poisonous plant does not let them near it. But it is still necessary to feed the soil with various minerals.

It is worth remembering that dope is still a perennial herb, so it may not be cut bush completely, and leave for the second year. By the way, the tincture of this toxic plant can also be used to control pests: spider mites, cabbage moths, goldentail caterpillars and hawthorn.

Beetles and ants are not afraid of this plant, but wireworms can even damage these stems. Bees willingly collect nectar from this flower, but a person cannot eat such honey.

For the winter, this grass can be transplanted into pots and even taken home, but provided that they are be in a large room. It is impossible to put such a plant in the bedroom or on playgrounds.

The danger of dope grass

Datura is a poisonous plant. Therefore, it is contraindicated for pregnant women, as well as nursing mothers. People suffering from glaucoma should not be treated with drugs based on Datura and even it is contraindicated to care for such landings.

Sometimes bleached poisoning occurs through negligence. But folk healers try to prepare their drugs, not knowing the correct dosage. Recently, more and more young people are dying because they are trying to brew an intoxicating potion from dope, and this leads to trouble.

Small children, being close to this toxic and poisonous plant, due to the inattention of their parents, try to open the fruit boxes, and the seeds are put into their mouths. As a result, all these cases lead to poisoning sometimes severe, and sometimes even fatal.

Datura poisoning can be immediately noticed, since it symptoms appear very quickly and they are bright:

• Pupils dilate, lips and oral cavity turn blue.
• Speech stutters and heart rate rises.
• Shortness of breath appears, the temperature rises, the face swells.

If the poisoning is very strong, then hallucinations and seizures occur. It is very difficult for a person to navigate in space, and even more so to realize reality. If you do not come to the rescue in time, then very quickly the respiratory center is paralyzed, and the person may die.

If the first symptoms of plant poisoning appear, then call immediately ambulance . Doctors will definitely wash the stomach of the victim, inject prozerin or any other psychotropic drugs, and cold compresses on the head are also required for such poisoning.

If there is no knowledge about dope grass, then, accordingly, it is impossible to prepare some preparations on your own, and it is impossible to collect raw materials from this herb. But conversations with children about the toxicity of this plant must be carried out by showing a photo so that the child can remember and appearance dope.

But it is worth noting that any drugs containing dope, despite the exact observance of dosages, will still lead to negative consequences. Therefore, it is always worth remembering that if such drugs with dope are used for a long time, this will lead to various mental disorders, glaucoma and depression. Take a medicine that contains atropine can only be temporary.

Instructions for use:

Datura vulgaris (datura stinky, dope potion, dormant, divderevo, prickly apples, crazy grass, spice, badura, dope-grass, cocklebur) is a poisonous annual herbaceous plant with an unpleasant odor, from the genus Datura of the Solanaceae family. The genus includes 25 plant species native to the tropics and subtropics. Datura ordinary is the only species that grows in the south and in the middle zone of the European part of Russia, in the North Caucasus and in the Crimea, rarely in the northern regions. It has analgesic, antispasmodic and anticholinergic properties.

Chemical composition

All parts of the plant contain alkaloids, mainly atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine: in the roots - 0.12-0.27%, in the stems - 0.06-0.24%, in the leaves - 0.23-0.37%, in flowers - 0.13-1.9%, in seeds - 0.08-0.22%.

The leaves also contain: essential oil(up to 0.04%), tannins (1.7%) and carotene (up to 0.1%).

Beneficial features

The properties of dope ordinary are due to the antispasmodic and anticholinergic action of alkaloids.

Indications for use

Datura has long been known as a poisonous and medicinal plant. Already in the Middle Ages, the leaves of the stray grass were used in Europe as an analgesic.

For medicinal purposes, mainly dope leaves are used. Preparations based on them are used in diseases respiratory tract accompanied by spasm of the muscles of the bronchi. The leaves are included in the compositions of anti-asthma smoking preparations, as well as anti-asthma drugs such as Astmol and Astmatin.

Datura oil is an ordinary part of liniments intended for rubbing with neuralgia and rheumatism.

Preparations from the leaves of the herb have a calming effect on the central nervous system, reduce the secretion of the glands of the gastrointestinal tract.

IN traditional medicine various countries of the world, cocklebur is used for nervous and mental illness, neuralgia, epilepsy, shortness of breath, convulsive cough, persistent hiccups, whooping cough, acute and chronic rheumatism, spasm of the stomach and intestines, partial prolapse of the uterus and colon, excessive sexual desire in women and priapism in men, mastitis, tumors.

Contraindications

• glaucoma;
• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding period;
• individual hypersensitivity to the plant.

Datura ordinary is a poisonous plant, and all parts are poisonous, and especially the seeds.

Do not abuse the preparations of crazy grass, because in case of an overdose, severe poisoning can occur. Its symptoms are: dryness of the oral mucosa, intense thirst, headache, dilated pupils, unrelated speech, motor agitation, frequent pulse, hallucinations, flushing of the skin of the face and neck, hoarseness, coma is possible. Help in case of poisoning: gastric lavage with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), the appointment of adsorbents, morphine, anticholinesterase and cholinomimetic drugs (prozerin, ezerin, pilocarpine), symptomatic therapy.

Datura home remedies

• convulsive cough tincture: grind the seeds, mix with 70% alcohol in a ratio of 1:5, insist for 14 days. Take 2 drops, stirring in 1 tbsp. l. water, 4-5 times a day, preferably before meals;
• sitz baths recommended for rectal prolapse: pour 20 g of dried leaves with 1 cup of boiling water, insist for 1 hour, dilute with a bucket of warm boiled water and mix, insist for another 1 hour in a warm place;
• remedy for epilepsy, depression, nymphomania: dilute 1 drop of dope juice with 2 tbsp. l. water. Take 3 times a day;
• tincture for convulsions, excessive drowsiness, spasms, neuralgia, bronchial asthma, convulsive cough and whooping cough: 2 tbsp. l. Medicinal raw materials pour 1 cup boiling water, boil for 5 minutes in a water bath. Inhale through the nose a couple of infusions for 15-20 minutes;
• remedy used for mastitis and tumors: 1 tbsp. l. dilute dope seed tincture with 100 ml of water. Use in the form of lotions;
• broth for rheumatism: 30 g of dried and crushed leaves pour 10 liters cold water, bring to a boil, boil a little over low heat, cool and strain. The decoction must be added to the bathroom filled with hot water. Take baths every other day for 15 minutes, the course of treatment is 20 days.

Datura common is one of the most poisonous plants. Contains alkaloids that relax smooth muscles and increase heart rate.

It also has other names - “henbane”, “nonsense grass”, “foolish”, “crazy grass”. With proper use of the plant, its properties can be turned to the benefit of man.

Datura plant is a herbaceous annual, belongs to the nightshade family. In Russia, it is distributed in the Astrakhan region and the lower reaches of the Volga. Datura grass grows in garbage dumps, in ditches and along roadsides.

Dope has a powerful root system, erect forked stem. The leaves of the plant are dark green in color, oval in shape with jagged edges. The flowers are large single, in appearance resemble a small white lily. They exude a sour-sweet aroma. The fruits of the capsule are covered with sharp spikes, divided into four sections. Seeds are small matte black. Up to 800 pieces ripen in one box.

It should be noted that dope serves as a source of the following substances:

Datura in the garden

In addition to the common Datura, there are also decorative species. They are used to decorate flower beds and garden plots.

As decorative varieties are used:

Due to the abundant flowering, decorative dope has won the recognition of gardeners. The fragrant aroma of the plant will mask bad smell from a cesspool or compost heap. The decorative properties of grass are used in flower beds and front gardens.

Reproduction methods and care

At the end of summer, seeds are collected from bursting boxes. Dry in the open air for a week, store in a dark place in a paper bag.

In early March, the seeds are soaked for 2-3 days in a weak solution of manganese. Then planted in containers with loose soil.

The first seedlings appear after 10 days. Seedlings are grown at a temperature of + 20 ... + 22⁰С, at the end of May, the sprouts are planted in the ground.

For landing choose open sunny places. Datura is a moisture-loving plant and requires regular watering and spraying. During the flowering period, it needs additional top dressing. Mineral complexes applied directly under the root.

Gallery: dope ordinary (25 photos)

Medicinal properties of dope

The tincture is used for liver diseases, as cholagogue. Relieves kidney and stomach colic. How additional treatment, tincture is prescribed for colon cancer.

Fees from the leaves of the plant cope with diseases nervous system: epilepsy, panic attacks and insomnia. As a symptomatic agent, it is used to treat bronchial asthma.

A decoction of the seeds of the flower helps with uterine erosion and hemorrhoids (douching, enemas). Rubbing herbs with oil relieves the pain of arthritis and gout. Lotions from the decoction dissolve hematomas and seals with mastitis.

Procurement of raw materials and recipes

Datura leaves and fruits are harvested during seed ripening in dry weather. Then dried in a dark place for 2-3 weeks. The raw material is considered suitable for use when the leaves begin to break easily and crumble. The harvested plant can be stored for no more than 3 years.

In folk medicine, the following recipes are used:

Contraindications

Due to the fact that the juice of the plant has toxic properties, the use of herbs for medicinal purposes has a number of contraindications. They should be remembered:

In any case, before using infusions and decoctions of Datura, be sure to consult your doctor.

Datura poisoning

It should be remembered that Datura is a very toxic herb. Therefore, when treating with decoctions and tinctures from a flower, you must follow all the recommendations and do not exceed the dosage. If the house has Small child, then the poisonous plant dope ordinary should not be planted in the garden. A kid out of curiosity can swallow grass seeds, which will lead to disastrous consequences.

Signs of poisoning:

• redness of the face;
• vomiting and nausea;
• mental arousal;
• dilated pupils;
• cardiopalmus;
• hallucinations;
• headache;
• diarrhea with blood;
• fever.

Symptoms in severe cases:

• a fall blood pressure;
• respiratory failure;
• convulsions;
• loss of consciousness;
• heart failure.

First aid

At the first symptoms of poisoning with a poisonous plant, you need to call an ambulance. To help the victim before the arrival of the doctor, you can do the following:

1. cook strong saline solution(50 g of salt per 1 liter of water). The patient needs to do repeated gastric lavage and artificially induce vomiting.
2. Give the victim any sorbent: activated carbon, white clay, Laktofiltrum.
3. With a fever, the patient's body is wiped with a damp towel.
4. If the poisoned person has lost consciousness, then they do indirect massage hearts.

Medical measures for poisoning

In severe cases, the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The following activities take place there:

1. If breathing is disturbed, tracheal intubation is performed.
2. Enter subcutaneously Prozerin (5 ml).
3. Intravenously put a dropper (saline solution, Galantamine).
4. Diazepam is used to eliminate mental arousal.
5. With fever, a solution of Analgin with Diphenhydramine (2 ml) is administered intramuscularly.

The magical properties of dope

In India, the Datura flower was used for magical rites aimed at improving material wealth. In Tibet, an intoxicating potion was made from the leaves of the grass and mixed with it in the food of young girls. Then they were kidnapped and killed, sacrificing to the goddess of death Kali. The Aztecs inhaled the scent of flowers for an hour, it was believed that this ritual enhances psychic abilities.

Datura ordinary - Datura stramonium L.

Solanaceae family - Solanaceae

Chemical composition. Alkaloids - hyoscyamine and scopolamine. According to GF XI, their content is required to be at least 0.25%, and in the fruits and seeds of Indian dope they contain 0.2-0.5%. When the content of alkaloids in Datura leaves is more than 0.25%, the leaves are released for the preparation of preparations, respectively, in a smaller amount.

LS. Cigarettes "Asthmatin". The oil is crazy.

Application. Antispasmodic. Datura leaves - the main raw material for the drug "Asthmatin", are used for smoking in asthma.

Datura oil (Oleum Stramonii). Transparent oily liquid from yellow to yellow-green color, peculiar smell. It is used externally for rubbing with neuralgia, rheumatism. Included in the liniment for rubbing.

Datura ordinary.

An annual herbaceous plant up to 1 (in some sources - up to 1.5) m high.

Root rod, branched.

Stem thick erect, smooth forked-branched, hollow.

Leaves alternate, large, ovoid, long-petiolate, notched-toothed, with a pointed apex, dark green.

flowers solitary, apical or axillary, large, white, fragrant, on short pedicels. Blooms in June - August.

Fetus- a large ovoid capsule, densely covered with unequal spines, when ripe, it opens into four valves. Seeds are dull black, flattened kidney-shaped.

The plant is poisonous. Its smell is weak, narcotic, the taste is salty-bitter.

Medicinal raw materials are leaves, grass (tops) and seeds. Leaves and grass are collected during the flowering of the plant with gloves.

The leaves of this plant contain tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine and atropine. Their content should be at least 0.25% by weight of dry medicinal raw materials.

Datura common is characterized by the general pharmacological properties of atropine-like compounds, which are defined mainly as m-anticholinergic agents that block the functional activity of the m-cholinergic systems of the body. In its native form, Datura vulgaris is used for the preparation of complex herbal preparations.

In addition to a stronger anticholinergic effect than atropine, hyoscyamine has a pronounced bronchodilatory effect, tones and excites the respiratory center.

Definition like belladonna:

Quantitation. An analytical sample of raw materials is crushed to the size of particles passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 1 mm. About 10 g of crushed raw materials are placed in a flask with a capacity of 250 ml, 150 ml of ether, 7 ml of ammonia solution are added and the mixture is shaken for 1 hour. The ether extract is quickly filtered through cotton into a flask with a capacity of 200 ml, covering the funnel with a watch glass. 5 ml of water is added to the filtrate, shaken vigorously and left until the ether layer becomes clear, after which 90 ml of the ether extract is measured using a measuring cylinder into a separating funnel with a capacity of 200 ml. The cylinder is rinsed twice with ether in portions of 10 ml, which are added to the measured ether extract.

From the ether extract, the alkaloids are extracted as much as possible with a 1% solution of hydrochloric acid in portions of 20, 15, 10 ml (sample with Mayer's reagent), each time filtering through a paper filter moistened with water with a diameter of 5 cm into a second separating funnel of the same capacity. The filter is washed twice with 5 ml of 1% hydrochloric acid solution, adding the washing liquid to the total acid extract.

The acid extraction is alkalized with an ammonia solution to an alkaline reaction with phenolphthalein, and the alkaloids are extracted sequentially with 20, 15, 10 ml of chloroform, shaking for 3 minutes. Chloroform extracts are filtered into a distillation flask with a capacity of 100 ml through a paper filter, on which 4-5 g of freshly calcined anhydrous sodium sulfate moistened with chloroform is first placed. The filter is washed twice with 5 ml of chloroform. Chloroform is distilled off on a water bath to a volume of 1-2 ml, the remainder of chloroform in the flask is removed by blowing air until the smell of the solvent disappears completely. The dry residue is dissolved in 15 ml of a solution of hydrochloric acid (0.02 mol / l) while heating in a water bath, 2 drops of an alcohol solution of methyl red and 1 drop of a solution of methylene blue are added and the excess hydrochloric acid is titrated with a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.02 mol / l). l) until a green color appears.

X =	(15 - V) 0,005780 100 100
m (100 - W)

Ticket 37.

1. Storage is carried out in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of August 23, 2010 No. 706n “On approval of the rules for the storage of medicines”. Dibazol and theobromine should be stored in metal cabinets with locks (safes), because. are potent drugs. Camphor should be stored in a metal cabinet, because. refers to volatile drugs

Rub the mortar with dibazol, because inert substance and most of all.

Lastly, add camphor - as an odorous substance.

Free surface energy is the sum of unbalanced molecular forces on the surface of a given substance. According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, any body tends to reduce the free surface energy, so finely divided medicinal substances are absorbed faster, dissolve, adsorb skin secretions, etc. The absorption of the powder depends on the fineness of its particles.

Checking doses

RD 0.03 WFD 0.05

SD0.06 ERR 0.15

Theobromine

RD 0.15 WFD 1.0

SD 0.3 ERR 3.0

Doses are not too high

PPK arr st

Camphor 0.05 *12=0.6

Bidazole 0.03*12=0.36

Theobromine 0.15 *12=1.8

M=0.6+0.36+1.8=2.76

The front side of the PPK - after manufacturing.

PPK front side

Recipe #37

Spiritus aethylici VI gtts

Weight total 2.76

Cooked

Question 2. Authenticity theophylline, theobromine can also be established by the formation of characteristic precipitates of silver salts from solutions of their sodium salts. Caffeine, which does not have acidic properties, does not positive reactions neither with the cobalt ion nor with the silver ion.

Salt of theobromine silver when heated in a water bath to 60°C forms a brown gelatinous mass.

A combination of argentometry and acid-base titration (indirect neutralization method) is used to quantify theobromine and theophylline. The method is based on the formation of silver salts and the release of an equivalent amount of nitric acid. It is titrated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution (phenol red indicator):

Various versions of this definition are known. One of them (direct) is based on the potentiometric titration of the released acid, the other (reverse) is based on the determination of the excess of the titrated solution of silver nitrate according to Folhard.

When an alcohol solution of bendazole hydrochloride is exposed to a concentrated solution of ammonia (to dissolve the resulting silver chloride) and a solution of silver nitrate, a white precipitate of the silver salt of bendazole is formed:

Question 3.

Section I. Characteristics of the finished product

Tablets are white or slightly yellowish in color, bitter taste.

Used as an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Composition per tablet:

Analgin 0.5

Starch 0.088

Talc 0.012

Average weight 0.6

Working recipe for the production of 500 thousand tablets:

Analgin 250 kg

Starch 44 kg

Talc 6 kg

Section II. Characteristics of the feedstock

Analgin is a white, coarse, odorless, crystalline powder with a bitter taste.

Starch is a white opaque, fine powder, odorless and tasteless.

Talc is a white amorphous powder, odorless and tasteless.

Section III. Technological scheme of production

TS-I Personnel training TO-1 Medical examination

TO-2 Spec. cloth

TO-3 Hand disinfection

TS-II Preparation of premises and equipment TO-1 Washing of technical equipment

TO-2 Cleaning

TC-III Preparation of raw materials TO-1 Weighing

TO-2 Grinding

TO-3 Screening

TS-IV Mixing

TS-V Obtaining granulate TO-1 Granulation

TO-2 Drying granules

TO-3 Dusting

TS-VI Pressing

TS-VII Quality control

TS-VIII Packing, packaging

Section V. Specification of Apparatus and Equipment

Scales electronic (1)	For weighing raw materials
Ball Mill (2) Fine Grinding Machine	Hollow rotating drum, into which the crushed material and steel balls with a diameter of 50 mm are loaded into 40-45% of the drum volume
Rotary-vibrating sieve model BC-2 (3)	It consists of a bunker where the sieved material is poured, sieves. Oscillations are created due to the work of two vibrator weights. Productivity 80-300 kg/h.
Worm and paddle mixer (4)	Trough-shaped body with two counter-rotating Z-shaped rotors.
Model 3027 Granulator (5)
Dryer type SP-30 (6)	Machine for drying, dusting granules in a fluidized bed.
Model 3027 Granulator (7)	Cylinder with three helical blades.
Mixer "drunken barrel". Dusting. (8)	A cylindrical container whose axis of rotation intersects the axis of the cylinder at a certain angle (most often between 30° and 45°).
Rotary tablet machine RTM-41 (9)	Press tool: matrix and punches. Dosers, feeders.
Packing machine A1-AU4-T (11)	Productivity is 615-1000 tab./min. with a tape width of 50-60 mm.
Friabilizer-drum grinder firm "Erveka"	Rotating drum with 12 blades and removable cover.
"Swinging basket" firm "Erveka"	Determination of the disintegration time of tablets.
"Rotating basket" firm "Erveka"	Determination of the dissolution rate of tablets.

Section VI. Description of the stages of the technological process

1) Staff training.

Only specially trained people with a pharmaceutical education are allowed to work. Before entering the production area, personnel undergo a series of procedures.

Firstly, he leaves his outerwear in the dressing room and puts on work clothes, and secondly, he goes through the sanitary checkpoint, where he puts on other clothes and shoes designed for work in a clean production area, and washes his hands.

After the behavior of the technological process, all items of clothing are sent for processing (disposable items for disposal). Production personnel are prohibited from eating, smoking, and storing food, smoking materials and personal medicines in the production areas of the plant and in storage areas finished products. Gown pockets should not contain personal items, except for a handkerchief. Entry and exit in cleanrooms,

2) Preparation of premises and equipment.

The premises must be equipped with all necessary equipment, machines and devices that are in good condition. Air and water treatment using cleaning and conditioning systems and means of their delivery to production sites. Wet cleaning of premises using special equipment and tools. After each change in the production of tablets, it is necessary to clean the technical equipment and clean the premises of the workshop. After the technological process, all equipment, industrial packaging, premises are cleaned of contaminants, washed, and disinfected.

3) Preparation of feedstock.

The feedstock is unpacked, sieved and the required amount is weighed. Then the raw material in a special container goes to grinding in ball mills, and then sifting on a rotary vibrating sieve model VS-2.

4) Mixing ingredients.

Mixing of all components of the tablets takes place in a worm-blade mixer.

5) Getting the granulate.

Granules are obtained from the finished mixture of components using a model 3027 granulator. After that, the granules are powdered and dried simultaneously in a dryer of the SP - 30 type.

6) Pressing, packing.

Tableting takes place on a rotary tablet machine RTM - 41. Analgin tablets do not need to be coated, so the finished tablets are fed to the A1-AU-4-T packaging machine.

7) Quality control.

During the production process, it is mandatory to take samples of granulate, uncoated tablets, finished tablets. The packaged finished product is sent to the warehouse in the quarantine zone.

Section VII. Waste production

There is no waste, but there may be losses of medicinal and excipients in the form of dust during weighing, grinding, sifting and other technological operations.

May be waste waste materials in the form of wrapping paper or foil, which is sent to the waste disposal shop.

Section VIII. Production safety

Tablets are prepared in special workshops, subject to the instructions for technical safety, pile protection and fire prevention measures.

Section IX. General control scheme (methods of analysis and production control)

The finished product and raw materials are analyzed:

Analgin according to GF X p. 94

Starch according to GF X p. 823

Analgin tablets according to GF X p. 95

Section X. Material balance

Question 4. HERBA SERPYLLI HERBA THYMI SERPYLL

Collected in the flowering phase, dried and threshed herb creeping thyme (thyme) - Thymus serpyllum L., fam. Lamiaceae - Lamiaceae

External signs. A mixture of whole or partially crushed thin twigs, leaves, pieces of stems up to 0.5 cm thick and flowers. The leaves are short-petiolate, lanceolate, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, entire, up to 15 mm long, glabrous or slightly pubescent with sharply protruding veins on the underside of the leaf. Under a magnifying glass (10X), numerous brownish dots (glands) are visible over the entire surface of the leaf, and long sparse bristly hairs are visible at the base of the leaf. Pieces of twigs are thin, tetrahedral, pubescent, greenish-brown or yellowish-brown in color, often with a purple tint.

Chemical composition. The herb contains up to 1% essential oil, the main component of which is thymol (up to 30%). In addition, the essential oil contains carvacrol, n-cymol, y-terpinene, a-terpineol, borneol. Tannins, bitterness, gum, triterpene compounds - ursolic and oleanolic acids, flavonoids, and a large amount of mineral salts were also found in the grass.

Standardization. GF XI, no. 2, Art. 60, Amendment No. 1 dated 06/16/1999 or GOST 21816-89 (raw materials are also used in the food industry).

Question 5. Labor Code of the Russian Federation

Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of April 12, 2011 No. 302n “On approval of the Lists of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and work, during the performance of which preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, and the Procedure for conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of workers employed in hard work and work with harmful and (or) hazardous conditions labor."

Federal Law No. 426-FZ of December 28, 2013 “On Special Assessment of Working Conditions”

the federal law Russian Federation dated December 28, 2013 N 421-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law "On Special Assessment of Working Conditions"

Federal Law No. 181-FZ of July 17, 1999 "On the Fundamentals of Labor Protection in the Russian Federation" (as amended on May 20, 2002, January 10, 2003, May 9 and 26, 2005)

Occupational safety is a system for preserving the life and health of workers in the course of their work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

Working conditions - a set of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of the employee.

Safe working conditions - working conditions under which the impact on workers of harmful and dangerous production factors is excluded

or the levels of their impact do not exceed the established standards.

(attestation of workplaces, annual measurements various factors)

Workplace - a place where an employee must be or where he needs to arrive in connection with his work and which is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

Order No. 83 of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated August 16, 2004 approved the List of harmful and dangerous production factors and work, during which preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out, and the procedure for conducting these examinations.

Preliminary medical examinations (when applying for a job) are carried out in order to determine the compliance of the employee's health with the work assigned to him.

Periodic medical examinations are carried out in order to

Dynamic monitoring of the health status of workers, timely detection of initial forms of occupational diseases, early signs the impact of harmful and hazardous production factors on the health of workers

Identification of common diseases that are medical contraindications for continuing work associated with exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors

Timely implementation of preventive and rehabilitation measures aimed at maintaining the health and restoring the working capacity of employees.

The frequency of periodic medical examinations is determined by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare together with the employer, based on the specific sanitary and hygienic and epidemiological situation, but periodic medical examinations

should be held at least once every two years.

Persons under the age of 21 undergo periodic medical examinations annually!

Preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out by medical organizations licensed for this type of activity.

Employees engaged in hazardous work and work with harmful and hazardous production factors for 5 years or more, periodic medical examinations are carried out in occupational pathology centers and other medical organizations that have a license to examine professional suitability and examine the connection of a disease with a profession once a five years.

The employer determines the contingent and draws up a list of names of persons

subject to periodic medical examinations indicating hazardous work and hazardous production factors. And after agreeing with the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, he sends him two months before the start of the examination to a medical organization with which an agreement has been concluded for medical examinations.

The medical organization, on the basis of the list of names of employees received from the employer, approves together with the employer

schedule of medical examinations.

The medical organization, together with the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare and the representative of the employer, summarizes the results of the medical examination and draws up the final act in 4 copies. The act within 30 days must be submitted by the medical organization to the employer, the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor and the center of occupational pathology.

The Center for Occupational Pathology, when establishing a connection between a disease and a profession, draws up a medical report and sends it to the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor, the employer, the insurer and the medical organization that sent the employee within 3 days.

An employee who has been diagnosed with an occupational disease is sent by the occupational pathology center to a medical organization at the place of residence, which draws up documents for submission to a medical and social examination.

Question 6. ORDER Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of October 21, 1997, No. 309 On approval of instructions on the sanitary regime of pharmacy organizations (pharmacies)

General cleaning of production premises should be carried out at least once a week. Wash walls, doors, equipment, floors. Ceilings are cleaned of dust with damp cloths once a month. Window panes, frames and the space between them are washed with hot water and soap or other detergents at least once a month.

Cleaning equipment must be labeled and used strictly for its intended purpose. It is stored separately in a specially designated place (room, cabinets). Rags intended for cleaning production equipment, after disinfection and drying, are stored in a clean, labeled, tightly closed container (jar, saucepan, etc.). Cleaning equipment for the aseptic unit is stored separately.

Production waste and garbage must be collected in special containers with a drive cover and removed from the premises at least once per shift. Hand wash basins, sanitary facilities and waste containers are washed, cleaned and disinfected daily.

A sanitary day in pharmacies is carried out once a month (at the same time, in addition to thorough cleaning, minor repairs can be carried out).

Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out a wet cleaning of the premises (floors and equipment) using disinfectants. Dry cleaning of premises is FORBIDDEN.

TICKET #38

1. Plasma substitutes and detox solutions

Plasma-substituting and detoxifying solutions are used to restore the volume of circulating blood in acute blood loss, shock of various etiologies, microcirculation disorders, intoxications, etc. It should be noted that they can be used as blood substitutes, but they do not have the functions of blood, since they do not contain blood elements.

Classification

This group of drugs can be subdivided:

on hemodynamic solutions, i.e. funds intended for the treatment and prevention of shock, normalization of blood pressure, etc.;

regulators of water-salt balance (crystalloids), i.e. drugs intended for normalization electrolyte balance and elimination of dehydration (from lat. de - removal, elimination; Greek hydos - water; synonym: dehydration);

detoxification solutions, i.e. drugs intended for the treatment of various intoxications, for example, with a burn disease or severe intoxication caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

Production must be carried out under aseptic conditions, cleanliness class A

Storage in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 706n

Order No. 706n introduces the concept of "quarantine zone"

Art.12. If expired medicinal products are identified, they should be stored separately from other groups of medicinal products in a specially designated and designated (quarantine) area.

Art. 11. In organizations and individual entrepreneurs, it is necessary to keep records of medicines with a limited shelf life on paper or in electronic form with archiving. Control over the timely sale of medicines with a limited shelf life should be carried out using computer technology, rack cards indicating the name of the medicine, series, expiration date or expiration date registers. The procedure for keeping records of these medicines is established by the head of the organization or individual entrepreneur.

Destruction of medicines (Federal Law of April 12, 2010 N 61-FZ (as amended on March 12, 2014) "On the Circulation of Medicines")

Article 59. Grounds and procedure for the destruction of medicines

1. Substandard medicines, counterfeit medicines are subject to withdrawal from civil circulation and destruction in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The basis for the destruction of medicinal products is the decision of the owner of the medicinal products, the decision of the relevant authorized federal executive body or a court decision.

2. Counterfeit medicines are subject to withdrawal from civil circulation and destruction by a court decision. The procedure for the destruction of counterfeit medicines is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

3. Expenses associated with the destruction of counterfeit medicines, substandard medicines, counterfeit medicines shall be reimbursed by their owner.

4. The owner of medicines must submit to the authorized federal executive body a document or a duly certified copy confirming the destruction of medicines.

5. The relevant authorized federal executive body that has taken the decision to destroy medicines shall exercise control over their destruction.

6. The destruction of medicines is carried out by organizations that have the appropriate license, on specially equipped sites, landfills and in specially equipped rooms in compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

7. Narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs, radiopharmaceutical drugs are destroyed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The release of LF in health care facilities is regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated February 12, 2007 N 110 (as amended on February 26, 2013) "On the procedure for the appointment and discharge medicines, medical devices and specialty products medical nutrition"

To ensure the treatment and diagnostic process, medical organizations receive medicines from the pharmacy organization according to the requirements-waybills approved in the prescribed manner.

The requirement-invoice for receiving medicines from pharmacy organizations must have a stamp, a round seal of a medical organization, the signature of its head or his deputy for the medical part.

(As amended by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated January 20, 2011 N 13n)

(see text in previous edition)

The invoice request specifies the number, date of preparation of the document, the sender and recipient of the medicinal product, the name of the medicinal product (indicating the dosage, the form of release (tablets, ampoules, ointments, suppositories, etc.), type of packaging (boxes, vials, tubes etc.), method of administration (for injections, for external use, ingestion, eye drops etc.), the number of requested medicinal products, the quantity and cost of dispensed medicinal products.

(As amended by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated January 20, 2011 N 13n)

(see text in previous edition)

The names of drugs are written in Latin.

(As amended by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated January 20, 2011 N 13n)

(see text in previous edition)

Invoice requirements for medicinal products subject to subject-quantitative accounting are issued on separate forms of invoice requirements for each group of drugs.

When preparing applications for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances of lists II and III, medical organizations must be guided by the calculation standards approved in the prescribed manner.

(As amended by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated January 20, 2011 N 13n)

2-3 Cooking Ringer-Locke infusion solution 10l. Cooking begins with the preparation of water and LP. After preparing 2 solutions, chemical control should be carried out, then sterilization. After sterilization, mechanical inclusions and chemical control are carried out. According to Order No. 214, during intra-pharmacy control, sterile solutions are considered rejected if their quality does not meet the requirements of current regulatory documents in terms of:

Appearance, Clarity, Colour, pH value, Authenticity

Quantitative content in-in

The presence of visible mechanical inclusions

Inadmissible deviations from the nominal volume of the solution

Violation of the fixity of capping, violation of the current requirements for the design of drugs intended for release.

Front side of the PPK

Date prescription

Aq. Pro injectionibus ad 5000 ml Aq. Pro injectionibus ad 5000 ml

Natrii chloridi 90.0 Natrii hydrocarbonati 2.0

Kalii chloridi 2.0 V= 5000 ml

Calcii chloridi 2.0 prepared

Glucosi 11.0 checked

V=5000 ml released

Cooked

checked

Requirements for injectable dosage forms.

1. Sterility - the absence of viable microorganisms and their spores.

2. Apyrogenicity - the absence of waste products and decay of microorganisms.

3. Stability - invariability in composition and quantity of drugs present in the solution during the established periods of storage

4. Absence of mechanical inclusions - transparency of the injection solution (or the absence of any suspended particles)

The entire technological process (premises, technological equipment, packaging, ventilation system, transport systems for input of raw materials and output of the finished product, service personnel) must ensure these requirements.

Special conditions for the implementation of the stages and operations of the technological process have been developed to ensure that the finished solution meets the required standards. Increased requirements apply to the following objects:

1) industrial premises;

2) technological equipment;

3) systems for the preparation of basic and auxiliary materials;

4) ventilation;

5) service personnel.

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) is one system requirements for the organization of production and quality control of drugs from the beginning of processing of raw materials to the production of finished products, including general requirements for premises, equipment and personnel. According to this document, all premises for the production of medicines in aseptic conditions are divided into 4 classes depending on the purity of the air.

The 1st class of cleanliness is achieved by installing "clean" chambers in the room of the 2nd class with the supply of a laminar flow of clean sterile air. The most important technological operations are performed in class 1 rooms: unloading of sterile vials, stoppers, caps, bottling of sterile solution, packing of sterile powders, pre-capping and capping of vials with stoppers, assembly of sterilizing filters, sampling.

The 2nd and 3rd cleanliness classes are ensured by technological and sanitary measures, sterile supply ventilation, recirculation air purifiers, an increase in the air exchange rate, and special training of premises and personnel. In the premises of the 2nd cash desk for cleanliness, the manufacture of solutions, filtration, washing of ampoules and vials, their drying and sterilization are carried out. Class 3 rooms are used for washing and sterilizing auxiliary material.

In the premises of the 4th class, washing of darts, dressing of ampoules, etc. is carried out.

The production of medicinal products is regulated by the Federal Law of April 12, 2010 No. 61-FZ "On the circulation of drugs"

The main GMP requirements for the production of injectable dosage forms are as follows:

♦ the minimum number of people involved in the work

♦ Human activity should be kept to a minimum to avoid changing the movement of particles and micro-organisms;

♦ clothing must be suitable for the process and the workplace and protect the product from contamination;

♦ the source material must not be contaminated with microorganisms and pyrogenic substances;

♦ storage of water used for the manufacture of injection solutions is carried out at constant circulation and a temperature above 80 °C;

♦ protection dosage form before sterilization to prevent cantamination (re-contamination) by microorganisms;

♦ the interval between manufacture and sterilization should be as short as possible;

♦ each sterilization cycle is controlled by biological and chemical means;

♦ Samples of the solution taken for analysis to determine sterility should include samples at the beginning and end of work, samples after a significant break in work, and samples from the potentially coldest part of the autoclave load,

♦ water, intermediate and final products are controlled for pyrogenity,

♦ the premises must have a multi-stage supply and exhaust ventilation system,

♦ between rooms of different cleanliness classes, a pressure difference must be maintained, and the pressure in rooms of a higher cleanliness class must be higher;

♦ Critical operations must be protected by laminar sterile air flow installations (movement of parallel flows of sterile air within a confined space);

♦ sanitary facilities should be adjacent to production facilities;

♦ entry of personnel and transfer of material to production facilities must be carried out through air locks

♦ to facilitate cleaning and disinfection. interface solutions between walls, floor and ceiling should be rounded;

♦ there should be intercoms between rooms of different cleanliness classes;

♦ it is forbidden to use filters that release fibers, etc.

The WHO GMP classifies "clean" areas for the production of sterile products according to the required air characteristics into cleanliness classes A, B, C and D.

Air Classification System for Sterile Products (WHO GMP)

Datura (lat. Datura) is a genus of plants of the Solanaceae family. Large herbs, tree-like plants are less common. Currently, a number of species that previously belonged to Datura have been isolated in an independent genus - herbaceous plants with bell-shaped flowers growing down. These are Brugmansia arborea, B. aurea, B. sanguinea, B. suaveolens, B. versicolor, B. vulcanicola and hybrids based on them - B. x insignis, B. x candida. These species often continue to be sold under the name Datura.

The Datura genus now includes only herbaceous plants with upward (rather than downward-growing like Brugmansia) bell-shaped flowers, naturally growing in warm climates mainly in America, but also in Asia and Europe.

Types of Datura Datura vulgaris In the European part of Russia (in the middle and southern stripes), Datura stramonium is found in wastelands, ruins, uncultivated fields, near dwellings, in vegetable gardens and weedy places. This plant is called "prickly apple" or "prickly cucumber", as its round fruits are indeed covered with numerous thorns.

This is a means of protection that protects them from being eaten by herbivores. In addition, all parts of the plant are highly poisonous. The toxin produced by its cells has a strong analgesic (can be used in surgery). That is why Datura vulgaris was previously cultivated in pharmaceutical gardens as a medicinal plant. From there it spread throughout Europe, and its feral form can be found almost everywhere where there is fertile soil. Extensive thickets of Datura are also widespread in the south of Western Siberia, in the Caucasus, Ukraine, and Central Asia.
The root system is pivotal, branched, powerful. The stem is straight, forked-branched, glabrous, 50-120 cm high. The leaves are alternate, ovate, petiolate, dark green above, lighter below. The flowers are large, placed singly in the forks of the stem, have a strong intoxicating smell. The whisk is white. A fruit-shaped, multi-seeded, four-leaved boll, covered with spines on the outside.
When ripe, the box cracks. Seeds are black, matte, round-reniform. One box can contain 500-800 pieces. seeds.

The fertility of one plant is 25-45.5 thousand seeds. Freshly ripened seeds germinate only in dry years. Seeds germinate from a depth of no more than 10-12 cm. The minimum temperature for germination is 10-12, the optimum is 24-28°C.

This powerful annual plant attracts with its beautiful flowers, the shape of which is used in religious symbols as a security sign from dark forces. The fragrant five-sided corollas have wide-triangular recurved lobes, tapering into a thin point. The narrow long tube of the corolla reaches a length of 5-10 cm, five stamens peep out from there. The flower is visited with pleasure by bees, persistently attracted by the smell. Datura flowers look great at night.

Growing Datura

When grown in the garden, Datura feels best on a compost or manure pile. If the soil conditions are favorable (the earth should be loose and rich in nutrients), it will spread by self-seeding. Sometimes the seeds germinate already in the fall, and the seedlings safely endure not too severe frosts. After a harsh winter, the remaining seeds germinate again in March-April. Artificial sowing is best done in April-May. The flowering phase begins in July and lasts until September. The flowers usually have white corollas.
The common Datura has several variations.

Datura stramonium var. tatula has a very beautiful lilac-blue color of flowers.

Datura stramonium f. inermis is in high demand, as its fruits are devoid of thorns (inermis means "unarmed" in translation).

Datura Indian - Datura metel

In ornamental gardening, Indian dope (Datura metel) is most often grown, the rest are rare. Perennial herbaceous plant up to 1.5 m tall, strongly branching. The leaves are petiolate, large, the plate is asymmetrical, the edge is solid or slightly wavy. Flowers with a white corolla. Datura corollas can reach 20 cm in length. Flowers are always directed vertically upwards, like candles. In varietal forms, they can be not only white, but also purple, violet and yellow. In the Flore Pleno variety, the flowers have a double purple perianth, dotted with white spots. Leaves, stems, flowers and roots of Datura are poisonous. Although its shoots can reach a length of 1.5 m, in temperate countries they grow much shorter, especially when planted in containers. The fruit is a spherical capsule with soft spines, opening with irregular cracks. The seeds are bright yellow.

In central Russia, it is grown as a seasonal annual. Seeds are sown indoors in March-April or directly outdoors in May, choosing warm sunny places for this. The plant is very unpretentious and needs only loose nutrient soil. The flowering phase begins three weeks after sowing.

The beauty of the plant is insidious, behind it hides a terrible property - poisonousness, handle it carefully, in no case eat it.

"Mad potion" is the popular name for dope, given to this representative of the nightshade family for its poison. The Russian name was given by a poisonous dose of dope, causing delirium, fantastic hallucinations, popularly called "stupefying". When poisoned by this plant, nervous excitement occurs, which can lead to mental disorder if action is not taken in time.
Datura fully justifies its name: seed oil, if rubbed into whiskey, causes bizarre visions and hallucinations, intoxicates the mind. For many centuries, people have used Datura. The people also called it: crazy grass, water drunk, bad drunk, bodyak, grass of sorcerers, grass of the devil.

Datura homeland

Datura was actively traded, exchanged, taking it around the world. And now they can only guess where he came from. There are two versions of the origin of these plants.
The first is that Datura is native to Mexico and Central America, and then it was brought to Europe along with other nightshades.
The second version states that Datura came from the Caspian steppes, and then came to Europe in the Middle Ages along with the gypsies.
But still, more inclined to the first version.
Now Datura grows in the vast territory of Europe and Asia, in America - in countries located in the temperate zone of the earth. Datura stramonium (Datura stramonium) is most common in our countries: in the south of the European part of Russia (Astrakhan, Volgograd, Samara regions), in the Crimea, Western Siberia, Ukraine and the Caucasus. It grows on deposits near housing, in landfills, littered places, along river banks, along roads, in gardens and orchards.

Datura - medicinal raw materials

Medicinal raw materials are leaves collected during flowering, tops and seeds. Seeds are obtained from mature bolls in autumn. In addition to alkaloids and a small amount of tannins, the seed contains up to 25% fatty oil. All types of raw materials are collected with extreme care, without involving children in the collection.
To fully satisfy the need of pharmacologists for medicinal raw materials, this plant is grown in the Krasnodar Territory, Crimea, Ukraine, and Moldova. Lay artificial crops by sowing seeds directly into the prepared soil. Datura leaves contain alkaloids (up to 0.37%), mainly hyoscyamine, atropine and scopolamine, essential oil strongly smelling of tobacco (up to 0.04%), carotene (up to 0.1%), tannins (up to 1.7 %) and macronutrients (mg/g): K-37.60, Ca-31.10, Mg-7.00, Fe-0.35; trace elements: Mn-0.26, Cu-0.56, Zn-0.93, Co-0.11, Mo-72.00, Cr-0.10, A1-0.15, Ba-15.23, Se-4.10, Ni-0.10, Sr-2.18, Pb - 0.09, 1-0.45. Datura concentrates ordinary Zn, Sr, Mo, Ba, Se, B, especially Mo, Ba, Se.

The use of dope

Dosage forms of atropine sulfate, isolated from Datura, are used for peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, pylorospasm, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, intestinal spasms and urinary tract, with hepatic and renal colic, bronchial asthma, in ophthalmology. The toxin produced by Datura cells has a strong analgesic effect and can be used in surgery. Datura ordinary is part of the Efatin aerosol used for chronic diseases respiratory system (bronchial asthma, acute bronchitis), as part of Astmatin, Astmatol cigarettes used in bronchial asthma.
Datura is the strongest hallucinogen, but nevertheless, it is widely used (both before and now) in folk and classical medicine.

Datura leaves are used as:

Smoking powder and anti-asthma cigarettes
- as tincture, extract

From the seeds, a tincture is obtained, which is an integral part of anti-asthma drops.

The pharmaceutical industry produces a number of dope preparations: anti-asthma collection, asthmatol, asthmatin, dope oil.
One of pharmacological properties alkaloids contained in dope, is an antispasmodic effect on the pulmonary muscles. Alkaloids act on the organs of internal secretion, reducing the amount of mucus secreted in the lungs. Therefore, it is an ideal anti-asthma remedy.
Datura preparations are used as an antispasmodic for bronchial asthma, spastic cough, neuralgia, seizures, hysteria, spastic speech disorders.

In folk medicine, Datura is used in small doses for persistent coughs, convulsions, shortness of breath, gout, earaches, nervous disorders, intractable skin diseases, rheumatism, migraine.
A water decoction of dope helps very well with abdominal pain, heart disease, female diseases, lack of menstruation, leucorrhea, colds, coughs, whooping cough, insomnia, and nervous disorders.

Datura - contraindications

Datura ordinary contains alkaloids scopolamine, hyoscyamine, atropine. Its preparations should be used only as prescribed by a doctor and very limitedly due to the possibility of poisoning.
Symptoms: dry skin and oral mucosa, hoarseness, thirst, nausea, vomiting, nervous excitement up to a violent state, fantastic hallucinations, as the people say - “stupefying”), frequent, irregular pulse, in more severe cases, convulsions develop and the reaction of the pupil to light disappears.
The time for the development of symptoms of poisoning can vary quite significantly - from 10 minutes to 15 hours. With treatment, the symptoms of poisoning disappear within 1-2 days, but dilated pupils can last a week or more.

The impact of dope on animals and insects

Modern scientists have observed how night butterflies, saturated with the nectar of nightshades blooming at night, lost their orientation; however, they continued to return to these plants again and again for another portion of the drug. Hummingbirds also use Datura and, after swallowing the narcotic nectar, randomly flap their wings like drunks, and then fall into a stupor and lie dead for several hours.

Some animals are not affected by dope.
The beetles have a biochemical defense against the poison of some drug-containing plants.
Ants have the same abilities and are able to recognize them among other plants. Often, having studied certain seeds, they go away without touching them.
Not affected by narcotic substances and bees.

Datura legends

American writer Carlos Castaneda in his book calls datura "devil's herb". He's writing:
"The grass of the devil is like a woman, and just like a woman, she flatters men and at the same time sets traps at every step." Datura seeds are distinguished by rare endurance, they do not lose their germination sometimes even if they have lain for almost half a century. But still, the most mysterious and magical halo is surrounded by Indian dope. It is surrounded by various legends. Some are beautiful, others not so much. In India, they believed that dope is a sprout growing from chest god Shiva. Sometimes he was called a tassel that adorns his headdress. Priestess-dancers in the temples drank wine with crushed dope seeds, and fell into a state of possession and gave answers to all questions asked. And the adherents of the sinister cult of Kali, the goddess of death and destruction, made a drug from dope leaves, gave them to people to drink, and then kidnapped them and sacrificed them.

The Chinese believed that dew drops on Datura petals were the materialized sermons of the Buddha that fell from heaven. And according to Taoist legend, it is believed that Datura is a flower of one of polar stars. Messengers from this star can always be recognized by this sign - in their hands they will carry the flowers of this plant.

dope magic

Datura has long been used by magicians and sorcerers.

Like a miraculous medicinal plant, poison or the strongest hallucinogen.
The Aztecs put its seeds on altars, the Indian sorcerers used the narcotic effect of Datura for mass visions. The witches of medieval Europe made their ointments by adding juice and powdered parts of belladonna and dope to them. Rubbing these ointments into their bodies, the sorceresses flew to the Sabbaths, met with devils.

Li Shih-Chen, in the 16th century describes:
It is traditionally believed that if a person laughed while picking these flowers, then the drink in which they are added will cause a desire to laugh; flowers that plucked crying, when consumed, will cause a desire to cry, and if the people who collected the plants danced, then drinking will cause a desire to start dancing; I found that the desires that arise in a person who is in a state of intoxication from Man-to-lo-hua can be transmitted to him by other people.

And in the Caribbean, our usual dope was known as "herbe aux sorciers" - the herb of sorcerers and "concombre-zombi" - zombie cucumber.

These names indicate a rather terrible area of ​​​​application of dope - zombies. They usually zombified criminals, who were no longer affected by other penalties. And the ancient sorcerers turned them into zombies. They gave the criminal a drink with a potion, one of the main components of which is dope. As a result, the person fell into a coma, completely losing physical and mental sensitivity.
Reflexes and consciousness were absent, and the criminal was declared dead. Then there was a funeral, and none of the common people had any idea that after three days the “dead” was dug up and given a second portion of drink for his “initiation”. And the body that became soulless was completely controlled by the sorcerer.

In European cities, dope seeds were thrown on hot coals, breathed over them and fell into a state of bliss. To protect against curses, evil spirits, an infusion of the plant should be sprayed around the house. If you suffer from insomnia, put Datura leaves in your shoes and place them under the bed with your toes towards the nearest wall. Datura leaves put in a hat will protect against solar and apoplectic strokes.
Datura leaves allow the exhalation of the convulsively held astral body of an asthmatic to release.
A plucked plant in a garbage place will be a super-strong helper to someone who knows the spell key to it. The plant is dried, hidden in a small canvas bag. If a sorcerer touches a person with this bag, he will be bad and smelly for everyone. And no matter what creams and fragrances those whom he touches try to lubricate themselves, the smell will be like from rotten meat. So dope can be not only useful and medicinal. This plant has large magical properties used in various fields. And with this plant you need to be very careful.