Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics in adults. Acute bronchitis: treatment with antibiotics Killer antibiotic for incipient bronchitis

Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations with fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What medications are the safest?

Content

Protracted cough - characteristic symptom inflammatory disease bronchi. If the disease is not taken seriously, it can develop into serious complications. Treatment of bronchitis in adults is carried out using drugs with multidirectional principles of action. Anti-inflammatory, expectorant and antibacterial drugs are most often used.

Symptoms of bronchitis in adults

One of the common diseases respiratory system, which is underestimated by many - bronchitis. It begins with a spasm of the elements bronchial tree, which arose against the background of recently suffered respiratory viral diseases, untreated throat infections, and advanced runny nose. This pathology is especially dangerous for people with bronchial asthma, weakened immune systems, smokers or allergy sufferers.

In the first stages of development, the symptoms of bronchitis are very similar to respiratory viral diseases. The patient complains of weakness, fatigue, decreased ability to work, and cough. As the disease progresses, other signs appear:

hoarseness of voice;
sore throat;
chest pain;
body aches;
increased body temperature;
runny nose;
sputum discharge (begins approximately 3 days after the appearance of a dry cough);
headache.

If treatment is refused or therapy is carried out incorrectly, or with prolonged irritation of the bronchi (for example, cigarette smoke, allergens, dust), the disease often becomes chronic. At the same time, a person has difficulty clearing his throat even after taking expectorant medications. The chronic stage of bronchitis is also characterized by other symptoms:

pale skin;
tachycardia (painful rapid heartbeat);
chest pain when coughing or turning the body;
chills;
shortness of breath (appears even with minor physical exertion);
wheezing when exhaling;
difficult, heavy breathing;
profuse sweating.

Treatment of bronchitis in adults

Drug therapy begins after complete medical examination, strictly according to the doctor’s recommendations. Drugs for the treatment of bronchitis in adults are selected depending on the severity of the disease, accompanying symptoms and test results:

For a dry cough without sputum, expectorants are prescribed in the form of sweet syrups or tablets. They dilute the mucus accumulated in the bronchi and promote its rapid removal.
If there is difficulty breathing, wheezing in the bronchi, use bronchodilators. They relax muscles and relieve spasms.
Immunomodulators are used to boost immunity. Drugs of this group will be especially effective in the initial stages of therapy.
If, based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that bronchitis is of bacterial origin, antibiotics are included in the treatment regimen.

In addition to the use of medications, other measures must be taken. They will alleviate the condition and help speed up therapy:

Maintain bed rest. Refuse any physical activity, get at least 8-10 hours of sleep.
Drink as much warm liquid as possible - herbal infusions, warm tea with raspberries and lemon, milk, plain water. These measures will help increase mucus discharge, relieve coughing, and replenish fluid balance in the body.
Avoid heavy, difficult-to-digest foods. It is important to include more protein and foods high in vitamins in your diet - fresh vegetables and fruits, chicken meat, dairy products. All dishes should be eaten warm. If you have problems with swallowing, you should give preference to grated or pureed foods.
Sign up for a massage or take a course of physiotherapy treatments.

Antibiotics

Since the main causative agents of bronchitis are viruses, antibacterial therapy becomes impractical. Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are prescribed only if heat lasts more than 5 days, while severe weakness remains, and the sputum becomes green or yellow. The choice of drug is made by the doctor, based on the results of bacteriological culture of sputum. The analysis will show which bacteria caused bronchitis.

The range of antibiotics in pharmacies is very wide; using the wrong medications may not only not improve the dynamics of treatment, but also lead to complications. The following anti-inflammatory drugs are most often used for bronchitis in adults:

Aminopenicillins– have a detrimental effect on the walls of bacteria, without having a systemic effect on the body as a whole. These include: Amoxicillin, Arlet, Amoxiclav.
Macrolides– prevent the proliferation of bacteria by disrupting intracellular protein synthesis. Popular macrolides are Sumamed, Klacid, Macropen.
Cephalosporins– effective in detecting pathogenic microorganisms resistant to penicillin. Commonly used cephalosporins include the following drugs: Suprax, Ceftriaxone.
Fluoroquinolones– disrupt the synthesis of DNA and RNA of bacteria, which leads to their death. Treatment of chronic bronchitis in adults is preferable antibacterial drugs this group – Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin.

Ospamox

Broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Ospamox is available in two dosage forms - granules for preparing a suspension and tablets. The main active ingredient, amoxicillin, has a direct antibacterial effect on the walls of pathogenic microorganisms. The cost of the medicine varies depending on the form of release and volume:

tablets 500 mg, 12 pcs. can be purchased for 200-300 rubles;
tablets 1000 mg, 12 pcs. cost about 470 rubles;
granules for preparing a suspension 250 mg/5ml – 69-75 rub.

Cough medicine for adults is prescribed in a dosage of 1.5-2 g of powder or 1 tablet 2-3 times a day. The duration of treatment, as a rule, does not exceed two weeks. It is better to take an antibiotic before or after a meal, since food can slow down the absorption of the active component. Ospamox is strictly contraindicated in the presence of the following diagnoses or conditions:

infectious type mononucleosis is a viral disease characterized by damage to the spleen, lymph nodes, liver;
lymphocytic leukemia is a malignant lesion of lymphatic tissue;
severe infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), accompanied by severe nausea or diarrhea;
respiratory viral infections;
allergic diathesis - an inadequate reaction of the body to certain foods (allergies);
bronchial asthma;
hay fever (hay fever) is a seasonal exacerbation of allergies caused by pollen of certain plants;
individual intolerance to penicillin antibiotics.

The antibiotic is well tolerated by most patients. In rare cases, undesirable effects from the following body systems may occur:

digestive– nausea, diarrhea, stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa);
allergic reactions – urticaria, joint pain, Quincke’s edema;
hematopoiesis– thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets), agranulocytosis (decreased number of leukocytes);
central nervous system– headache, increased fatigue;
urinary system– nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys).

Azithromycin

This antibiotic belongs to the group of macrolides. Available in several dosage forms - film-coated tablets and capsules. The active component is azithromycin (in the form of dihydrate). The cost of the drug varies depending on the dosage form:

the cost of 3 tablets of 500 mg is 83-142 rubles;
the price of a package of 6 capsules of 250 mg is 137-149 rubles.

For infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract adults are prescribed Azithromycin 0.5 g/day. The course dose is 1.5 grams, the duration of therapy is 3 days. The drug for the treatment of bronchitis in adults is prescribed with caution during pregnancy (in cases where the benefit from its use outweighs the threat to the fetus), with arrhythmia (impaired frequency, rhythm and sequence of myocardial contraction), severe renal failure or liver disease. The following side effects are possible while taking Azithromycin:

nausea or vomiting;
anemia (decreased hemoglobin level in the blood);
promotion blood pressure;
dizziness;
diarrhea;
flatulence;
drowsiness;
skin rash.

Amoxicillin

An antibiotic from the group of penicillins of semi-synthetic origin, it has a wide spectrum of action. The therapeutic effect of taking it occurs very quickly, like other antibacterial drugs of this group, Amoxicillin inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. The active component of the drug is amoxicillin trihydrate. The price per package of the drug varies depending on the form of release:

capsules 16 pcs. 250 mg cost about 80 rubles;
tablets 20 pcs. 500 mg – 69-128 rubles;
granules for preparing a suspension – 110-135 rubles.

All forms of the drug for the treatment of bronchitis in adults are prescribed in dosages of 500 mg 3 times a day with an interval of at least 8 hours. Amoxicillin is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to penicillins and infectious mononucleosis. The following may occur during antibiotic treatment: adverse reactions:

skin rash;
nettle fever;
anaphylactic shock (in isolated cases);
Quincke's edema;
cardiopalmus;
stomatitis;
depression (develops only when using Amoxicillin for a long time).

Azitrox

The antibiotic is a representative of the macrolide group, a subgroup of which is azalides. It inhibits protein synthesis, slows down the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Active substance medicine– azithromycin dihydrate. Azitrox is available in two dosage forms - capsules and suspension, approximate price of which is:

20 ml of suspension – 202-218 rubles;
2 capsules 500 mg – 221-238 rubles;
3 capsules 500 mg – 336-362 rubles;
6 capsules 250 mg – 346-362 rub.

For bronchitis, adults are prescribed Azitrox an hour or two before meals, 500 mg 1 time per day, for a course of three days. Capsules should be taken with water. The drug is not recommended for use in cases of hypersensitivity to the active component, severe liver or kidney failure. During treatment, the following undesirable reactions of the body may occur:

diarrhea (diarrhea);
drowsiness;
candidiasis (one of the types of fungal infection) of various localizations;
skin rash and itching;
conjunctivitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes;
weakness;
peripheral edema.

Bronchodilators

To relieve muscle tone in the bronchial cavity, eliminate attacks of suffocation, relieve attacks of shortness of breath, and normalize the breathing process, medications are used that can increase the lumen of the bronchi - bronchodilators. During treatment infectious diseases upper respiratory tract, the following classes of pharmacological agents are currently preferred:

Adrenergic stimulants or adrenergic agonists. These are drugs whose active components stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors, thereby exerting a bronchodilator effect. Adrenomimetics act very quickly, reaching maximum concentration in the blood plasma within 15-20 minutes after administration.
Anticholinergics. This is a group of drugs whose action is aimed at blocking M-cholinergic receptors and preventing spasm. Anticholinergics act slowly: peak effectiveness is achieved 30-50 minutes after administration.

Fenoterol-Nativ

Selective adrenergic agonist with active ingredient – fenoterol hydrobromide. IN Fenoterol-Nativ is produced in a single dosage form - an inhalation solution. A 20 ml bottle can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription from a doctor at a price of 228 to 287 rubles. Before using, the concentrate must be diluted with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution until the total volume is 3-4 ml.
The drug for the treatment of bronchitis in adults is used in dosages of 10 drops per procedure, which is equal to 0.5 ml of Fenoterol-Nativ concentrate. The frequency of repetition of procedures depends on the severity of the disease, but does not exceed four times a day. The last inhalation should be taken no later than three hours before bedtime. Medicine for bronchitis and cough in adults is contraindicated for arrhythmia, obstructive cardiomyopathy (thickening of the left and right ventricles of the heart). P When using Fenoterol-Nativ, the following side effects are possible:

nervousness;
dizziness;
headache;
irritation of the larynx;
nausea or vomiting;
cardiopalmus;
allergic skin reactions.

Theotard

Long-acting bronchodilator. Contains the active component – theophylline. Available in capsule form. The bronchodilator effect of theophylline develops gradually, so the medicine is not prescribed for the relief of emergency conditions. The average cost of a medicine in pharmacies varies depending on the dosage of the active substance:

40 capsules of 200 mg cost about 163 rubles;
a pack of 40 capsules of 350 mg can be purchased for 225 rubles.

To select the optimal dose of Theotard, it is necessary to undergo blood tests to determine the individual level of theophylline in the serum and reduce the risk of developing side effects. The average dosage of medication for adults for bronchitis is 1 capsule every 12 hours. Course of use – 3 days. Capsules must not be opened or chewed. Theotard is not prescribed in the presence of the following diagnoses or conditions:

pregnancy;
lactation;
epilepsy (a chronic disease accompanied by seizures, convulsions and loss of consciousness);
acute myocardial infarction (damage to the heart muscle caused by impaired blood supply);
extrasystole (a type of arrhythmia based on premature contraction of the heart muscle);
peptic ulcers of the intestines or stomach.

Theotard is prescribed with caution and in reduced dosages for heart failure or impaired liver/kidney function. During treatment, adults may experience the following side effects:

decreased appetite;
diarrhea;
nausea with vomiting;
irritability;
heartburn;
stomach ache;
tremor (shaking) of hands;
increased sweating;
insomnia.

Teopek

A modern, long-acting bronchodilator. Teopek, like Theotard, contains one active ingredient - theophylline. The medicine is available in capsule form. The average cost varies depending on the volume of active substance in the composition:

a pack of 50 capsules of 100 mg can be purchased for 218-230 rubles;
Teopek 200 mg, 50 pcs. costs 223 -250 rubles;
50 capsules of 300 mg theophylline – 342-358 rub.

For the treatment of bronchitis, Teopek is prescribed to adults at a dose of 300 mg.. The daily dose is divided into 2 doses. The average therapeutic course ranges from two weeks to two months, depending on the severity of the disease. It is strictly forbidden to take capsules if you have the following diagnoses or conditions:

epilepsy;
gastritis;
peptic ulcer stomach or intestines;
myocardial infarction;
atherosclerosis (cholesterol deposition) of blood vessels;
heart rhythm disturbances - tachyarrhythmia, extrasystole;
hyperfunction (increased hormone production) thyroid gland;
gastrointestinal bleeding;
hemorrhagic stroke;
severe arterial hypotension (decrease) or hypertension (increase in pressure).

During treatment, some patients may develop undesirable effects from the following organs and systems of the body:

nervous – dizziness, agitation, insomnia;
cardiovascular – tachycardia, arrhythmia, angina pectoris ( sharp pain in the chest area);
stomach and intestines – nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, loss of appetite;
allergic reactions - skin rash, itching.

Expectorants

In cases where the bronchi are unable to get rid of mucus on their own, drugs are prescribed for bronchitis in adults with an expectorant effect. They stimulate the receptors of the respiratory and cough centers, dilute the secretions accumulated in the bronchi, and enhance the peristalsis of the bronchioles. Some drugs in this group additionally have an enveloping effect, covering the soft tissues of the bronchi and larynx with an invisible film and thereby protecting irritated areas. Popular expectorants include:

effervescent tablets ACC;

The mucolytic drug is available in the form of dragees, sweet syrup or tablets. The medicine helps to liquefy and quickly remove mucus, making breathing easier. The active component is bromhexine hydrochloride. The cost of the medicine varies depending on the form of release:

20 tablets of 8 mg cost from 21 to 56 rubles;
sweet syrup with apricot flavor 100 ml – 104-125 rubles;
tablets 8 mg, 25 pcs. – 125-135 rub.

For bronchitis in adults, 8-16 mg or 2 teaspoons of Bromhexine in syrup are prescribed. The drug is contraindicated if the body is sensitive to active substance, in the first trimester of pregnancy. The active component passes into breast milk, so the medicine is not recommended for use during lactation. The following side effects sometimes occur during treatment:

dizziness;
headache;
bronchospasm;
skin rash.

The expectorant is available in several dosage forms: granules or powder for preparing a solution, effervescent tablets, syrup. The active component in all medications is the mucolytic substance acetylcysteine. The cost of ACC packaging has the following price range:

effervescent tablets for bronchitis in adults 100 mg, 20 pcs. – 278-295 rubles.
100 ml of syrup – 263-279 rubles;
ACC 6 sachets of granules 600 mg – 142-151 rubles;
20 sachets of powder 100 mg each – 135-143 rub.

For bronchitis, adults are prescribed 2 tablets. (100 mg ACC), 2 sachets for preparing the solution or 2 scoops of syrup. Before starting administration, the ACC drug must be dissolved in 100-150 ml of water. The expectorant is contraindicated during pregnancy, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and pulmonary hemorrhages. During treatment, the following undesirable effects sometimes appear:

noise in ears;
drop in blood pressure;
stomatitis;
headache;
diarrhea;
skin rash.

An expectorant mucolytic agent stimulates the serous cells of the bronchi, increasing the amount of mucous secretion, activates digestive enzymes, making sputum more liquid and improving its discharge. The medicine is available in two forms - tablets and sweet syrup. Contains ambroxol hydrochloride as an active ingredient. Ambrosan's price range varies from 89 to 110 rubles per pack of 20 tablets. and 182-198 rub. for 100 ml of syrup.

Adults with bronchitis are prescribed 30 mg of Ambrosan 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is selected individually. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy (1st trimester), ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. During treatment, the following undesirable effects are possible:

weakness;
constipation;
dry mouth;
skin rash;
angioedema;
gastralgia (pain in the area of the stomach projection).

Antiviral drugs for the treatment of bronchitis in adults

To destroy viruses that cause the development of infectious-inflammatory disease of the bronchi, special antivirals. They have several mechanisms of action:

prevent viruses from entering healthy cells;
destroy viral particles by blocking their reproduction or exit from infected cells;
help strengthen a person’s own immunity.

An antibacterial, antichlamydial and antiviral agent is available in the form of rectal or vaginal suppositories. The drug contains two active components at once - an immunoglobulin complex preparation (ICP) and human recombined alpha-interferon. The cost of a Kipferon package of 10 suppositories is 707-746 rubles.

For bronchitis, suppositories are administered rectally (after defecation) 1-2 pieces 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is from 5 to 10 days. Side effects no medications were recorded during patient treatment. Kipferon is contraindicated in the presence of the following conditions:

pregnancy;
lactation;
individual intolerance to individual active or auxiliary components.

The antiviral drug is available in the form of nasal ointment or drops, nasal spray. The drug Grippferon contains recombined alpha-2 human interferon, volume when recalculated per 1 ml of product is not less than 10,000 IU. The cost of an antiviral drug varies depending on the form of release:

nasal drops 10 ml – RUB 303-356;
nasal spray – RUB 362-420;
ointment with loratadine 5 grams – 240-278 rub.

For bronchitis in adults, it is preferable to use nasal drops. They are instilled into each nasal passage, 3 drops up to 6 times a day. The duration of therapy is 5-7 days. During treatment, Grippferon can cause local allergic reactions - itching or burning, skin rash, redness of the nasal mucous membranes. The medication is not recommended for use if the following contraindications exist:

individual intolerance to interferon;
severe forms of allergies.

These are rectal and vaginal suppositories with pronounced antiviral and immunostimulating properties. The active components of the drug are human recombined interferon alpha-2 (500,000 IU per 1 suppository), sodium hyalurate - 12 mg. Excipients include: paraffin, confectionery fat. The cost of a package of 10 candles is 368-402 rubles.

In case of infectious viral diseases adults are prescribed Giaferon 1 suppository 1 time/day. The duration of drug therapy is 10 days. Suppositories are administered after perineal hygiene or bowel movements at night. Giaferon is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to interferons. During treatment the following may occur: negative reactions body:

chills;
increased sweating;
fast fatiguability;
loss of appetite.

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Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Drugs for the treatment of bronchitis in adults: effective and inexpensive drugs

Acute bronchitis is the most common inflammatory lesion of the lower respiratory tract and occurs equally often, regardless of gender, in any age category.

The disease is an inflammatory process in the bronchi, predominantly of an infectious nature, manifested by dry or wet cough and lasting no more than three weeks.

The overwhelming number of bronchitis is associated with viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, MS infection, coronavirus), however, against the background of an acute respiratory viral infection, activation of secondary flora and the addition of bronchitis caused by a bacterial pathogen (streptococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma, chlamydia and etc.).

Treatment of bronchitis with antibacterial agents in adults and children is carried out precisely if there is a suspicion of a bacterium. etiology of the disease.

Indications for prescribing antibacterial therapy are:

bacterial blood;
high, ;
signs of severe intoxication;
respiratory failure;
purulent sputum.

Do you need an antibiotic for bronchitis if there is no fever?

Antibiotics are not used for uncomplicated acute bronchitis without high fever, severe intoxication and signs of bacterial infection.

This is due to the fact that usually acute illness It is viral in nature, so the use of antibacterial agents is not advisable.

Non-drug treatment, in this case, will be aimed at improving sputum separation (drinking plenty of fluids) and eliminating the influence of factors environment(dust, smoke, bird feathers, wool) that cause coughing. Bed rest is also recommended.

Drug treatmentincludes:

antiviral therapy (Novirin ®, Groprinosin ®, Arbidol ®);
antiallergic drugs (Loratadine ®, Diazolin ®);
antitussive prep. For a dry cough, the following are indicated: Omnitus ® , Bromgekin ® , etc.; for a wet cough, Ambroxol ® , ACC ® , Ascoril ® are prescribed;
antitussives with central action (codeine) are also used;
at temperatures above 38 degrees, take antipyretics (Ibuprofen ®, Paracetamol ®);
Without elevated temperature effective physiotherapeutic procedures: UHF on the trachea and chest, massage, alkaline inhalations;
in the presence of an obstructive component and severe shortness of breath, inhalation with Ventolin through a nebulizer is effective;
Effective use of increased dosages of ascorbic acid 1-2 g per day.

What antibiotics should be taken for bronchitis in adults with a chronic course of the disease?

The term chronic bronchitis refers to a chronic inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree, manifested by a daily productive cough (with sputum) for more than three months for at least two years.

Which antibiotic is best for bronchitis in adults?

For therapy chronic disease the administration of macrolides is effective. Antibacterial therapy is used only during exacerbation.

Also applicable:

vitamins (in order to increase the overall resistance of the body);
mucolytics (Lazolvan ®, Ambroxol ®, Ascoril ®);
bronchodilators (beta-agonists, anticholinergics and theophylline), effective when an obstructive component is attached;
antitussives with central action (codeine) are prescribed in short courses;

Expectorants are not prescribed due to lack of effectiveness.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults: names in tablets

Amoxicillin ® for bronchitis in adults

Antimicrobial agent from the semi-synthetic group. Has a bactericidal effect on pathogenic flora. The range of activity includes gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, but does not affect strains capable of producing penicillinase.

By origin, it is a derivative of ampicillin with improved pharmacokinetic properties and is more adapted for oral administration due to its high acid resistance. The bioavailability of the tablet form is about 90% and does not depend on food intake. Well digestible and absorbed into gastrointestinal tract, is quickly distributed in the body.

Compared to ampicillin, it is more active against S. pneumoniae. It is capable of creating high, therapeutically significant concentrations in sputum, which makes it one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of diseases of the lower respiratory tract.

Compatibility and interaction with other drugs

Amoxicillin ® is pharmaceutically incompatible with any drugs of a number of aminoglycosides when taken simultaneously. When used together, mutual inactivation of the agents is observed. The use of antacids and glucosamine ® reduces the absorption and digestibility of the antimicrobial agent.

Amoxicillin ® has a synergistic effect with other bactericidal agents (cephalosporins, vancomycin ® , a number of aminoglycosides).

It is important to carry out treatment under the control of a coagulogram when using indirect anticoagulants to reduce the risk of bleeding.

It is important for women taking oral contraceptives containing estrogen to remember that the antibiotic reduces their effectiveness. In this regard, it is necessary to use barrier methods of contraception during the treatment period to reduce the risk of unwanted pregnancy.

Augmentin ® for bronchitis in adults

Belongs to the class of inhibitor-protected penicillins.

The active ingredients of Augmentin ® are potassium clavulanate and amoxicillin ® .

Compared to extended-spectrum penicillins, it has high activity, even against penicillin-resistant strains, acts on almost the entire spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, and is active against anaerobic pathogens.

It is characterized by high digestibility both perorally and parenterally.
Capable of creating high levels concentrations in tissues and sputum.

Side effects are similar to those of amoxicillin ® .

Available in tablet form. form, in the form of suspensions and powders for the preparation of solutions for injection.

Calculation of dosages

For adults, 375-625 mg is prescribed three times a day or 1000 mg twice a day, calculated according to amoxicillin ®.

Contraindicated for:

chronic renal failure;
colitis associated with taking penicillins;
presence of liver failure;
infectious mononucleosis and the period of exacerbation of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr viral infections;
individual intolerance, hypersensitivity to beta-lactams and a history of allergic reactions;
breastfeeding.

Use with caution to treat pregnant women; all therapy is carried out strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

Treatment of patients taking indirect anticoagulants is carried out under the control of a coagulogram.

Trade names

Clavocin ® ;
Clavunat ® ;
Klonacom-X ® ;
Kuram ® ;
Medoclav ® ;
Moxiclave ® ;
Ranklav ® ;
Rapiklav ® ;
Amoclan Hexal ®;
Amoklavin ® ;
Klamosar ® ;
Arlet ® .

Sumamed ® for bronchitis in adults

The active ingredient of the drug is azithromycin ®. Semi-synthetic fifteen-membered macrolide. Included in the azalide subclass.

The advantages of macrolides include:

low level of toxic effects on the body;
no cross-allergies with penicillins;
the ability to create therapeutically significant concentrations in tissues; azithromycin has the highest performance among macrolides;
high activity against Gram+ flora and intracellular pathogens
These antibiotics for bronchitis and pneumonia in adults in tablets are the drug of choice if chlamydial and mycoplasma etiology of the disease is suspected (used in long courses).

Azithromycin ® preparations have high bioavailability and are little dependent on food intake. They are well tolerated, with few side effects and negative drug interactions.

Drug combinations and interactions

When therapy with warfarin ®, treatment is carried out under the control of prothrombin time, due to the possibility of enhancing the anticoagulation effect.

The effect of azithromycin ® is weakened by lincosamides, so they are not prescribed together. Good synergism with tetracyclines and chloramphenicol.

Possible side effects

heart rhythm disturbance;
cholestatic jaundice and transient increase in liver transaminases.

Contraindications to the use of azithromycin

severe arrhythmias;
liver dysfunction;
renal failure (chronic and acute);
lactation.

Trade name for antibiotics “3 tablets” for acute bronchitis in adults

Azithromycin AKOS ®;
Zimaks ® ;
Zithrocin ® ;
Sumazid ® ;
Sumamecin ® ;
Sumamox ® ;
Azivok ®.

The best antibiotic for bronchitis in adults is a cephalosporin

The new fifth generation antibiotic for bronchitis (anti-MRSA) is not used. For acute bacterial diseases, the administration of the third and second generation for oral administration (tablets) is highly effective. Parenterally, in case of severe illness with severe intoxication or in case of pneumonia, cephalosporins are used.

Cephalosporins have a powerful bactericidal effect and a wide spectrum of action. They are quite well tolerated by patients and are approved for use in pregnant women.

Side effects of cephalosporins

cross allergies. reactions with other beta-lactams;
dyspeptic disorders;
intestinal dysbiosis;
candidiasis oral cavity and vagina;
transient increase in liver transaminases in biochemical analysis blood;
ceftriaxone ® drugs are not used in newborns due to the high risks of developing kernicterus and nervous system;
disulfiram-like effect when combined with alcoholic beverages;
hematological complications (hypoprothrombinemia, leukopenia) rarely occur;

Combinations with other drugs

not prescribed to patients receiving treatment with thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants;
combination with diuretics is prohibited;
Prescription together with antacids makes antibacterial therapy ineffective.

General rules of antimicrobial therapy

When carrying out antibacterial therapy, it is recommended to adhere to a diet: exclude strong teas and coffee, carbonated alcoholic drinks, and milk. Reduce consumption of fatty and fried foods. Excessive intake of sweets and baked goods reduces the effectiveness of treatment. It is also necessary to remove citrus fruits, yoghurts and fresh juices from the diet.

Need to increase consumption homemade yogurt, fermented baked milk, baked apples.

To maintain normal intestinal microflora, the use of probiotics (Lines Forte ®, Yogulak Forte ®) is indicated. For women to prevent thrush, it is effective to use lactobacilli and vaginal suppositories, supporting normal vaginal biocenosis (Lactozhinal ®, Femilex ®).

It is important to remember that it is optimal to use one antimicrobial agent once a year. The minimum intervals for repeated courses should be six months.

Classification

According to the nature of occurrence, they are distinguished:

bacterial;
viral;
allergic;
caused by prolonged exposure to chemicals (bronchial smokers, occupational diseases, etc.).

According to the nature of the flow:

spicy;
protracted course;
recurrent;
chronic.

Based on the presence of an obstructive component:

obstructive;
non-obstructive.

Respiratory failure (by degree):

According to the nature of the inflammatory process:

catarrhal;
purulent;
hemorrhagic;
fibrinous;
putrefactive;
purulent-necrotic.

According to the presence of complications:

complicated;
uncomplicated.

Main symptoms

In the first stages, the disease manifests itself as symptoms of general intoxication, weakness, lethargy, and loss of appetite. The temperature rises to 38-39 degrees. Chills and pain in muscles and joints appear. At high temperatures, nausea may occur (vomiting, as a rule, is not typical, more often observed in children younger age after a coughing attack).

Complaints of a runny nose, manifestations of conjunctivitis, and hoarseness are also possible.

The cough is initially dry and persistent, but later becomes moist and productive. The nature of sputum can be different: from mucous, easily discharged, to thick and viscous, causing vomiting when coughing. Antibiotics for bronchitis must be used for coughing with thick and purulent sputum.

Children often develop obstructive bronchitis with the addition of symptoms of respiratory failure: cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, increased respiratory rate, retraction of the pliable parts of the chest, inclusion of auxiliary muscles in the breathing process.

Pulmonary percussion does not change the sound. On auscultation, dry, whistling, buzzing, fine- and medium-bubbling rales can be heard. Weakening of breathing in the lower sections with dullness of percussion sound is more typical for pneumonia.

Changes in blood tests depend on the nature of the pathogen. Viral diseases will be accompanied by leukopenia or slight leukocytosis, moderately increased or normal ESR, rodocytosis, lymphocytosis.

Treatment of acute bronchitis with antibiotics in adults is indicated only if a bacterial etiology of the disease is suspected.

For the bacterial component, the following are indicative: a sharply increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, pronounced leukocytosis, neutrophilia.

If an allergic component is present, eosinophilia is detected.

There are no specific changes on the x-ray. There may be a slight increase in the pulmonary pattern and the absence of infiltrative foci characteristic of pneumonia.

In case of prolonged cough and prolonged fever, it is necessary to take sputum samples for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and perform an x-ray in two projections.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with:

bronchial asthma;
acute or chronic (in children, cough can be caused by mucus draining down the back of the throat);
exacerbation of a chronic process;
gastroesophageal reflux;
miliary tuberculosis.

Bronchitis is one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system. Its course is characterized by an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the lungs and bronchial tree. The pathological process is accompanied by a dry cough, runny nose, and increased body temperature. As a rule, viruses of various types act as provocateurs of the disease; in such cases, prescribing antibacterial therapy is inappropriate, and, moreover, even dangerous to health.

This kind of medicine may not only not bring a positive result, but also provoke the development of resistance of pathogenic bacteria to the active substances of the drug. Only after carrying out a bacteriological analysis of the secreted sputum can it be clear whether there is a need to use antibiotics for bronchitis. Unauthorized prescription of such drugs is fraught with aggravation of the situation and the development of unwanted complications.

As a rule, treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics in adults makes sense only in a few cases - when bacterial microflora is attached, that is, when there are signs of pus in the mucous discharge. And also in chronic and often relapsing course of the disease.

To determine the type of pathogenic agent and its sensitivity to antibacterial substances, the patient is prescribed a bacteriological analysis. Only after receiving the results of the study can the optimal treatment tactics be selected.

In most clinical cases, antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of bronchitis, characterized by a wide range of bacterial activity. Such drugs have a detrimental effect on the life activity of many pathogenic agents.

Prescribed antibiotics for bronchitis in adults belong to the following groups:

Cephalonosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics with high bactericidal activity. Drugs in this group help slow down the production of protein in the bacterial cell, thereby preventing further growth and the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. However, such medications often cause allergic reactions, so they are prescribed with extreme caution.
Aminopenicillins are penicillin-based drugs that are active against gram-negative and aerobic bacteria. They practically do not cause side effects, and only in rare cases can they provoke minor allergic reactions.
Fluoroquinolones are semi-synthetic drugs that have a detrimental effect on a wide range of pathogens. In some cases, drugs of this type are prescribed before the results of tests for the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics are obtained. With prolonged use, there is a risk of dysbacteriosis.
Macrolides are a large group of broad-spectrum antibiotics characterized by the least toxicity. They have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and have bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. As a rule, antibacterial agents belonging to this group are prescribed for protracted illness, as well as if treatment with other medications has not brought any results.

Unauthorized use of such medications can only aggravate the situation and add unwanted health problems. Therefore, if any alarming symptoms occur, the first thing to do is seek medical help.

Commonly prescribed antibiotics for bronchitis

When treating bronchitis, the list of the best antibiotics includes the following:

A semi-synthetic antibacterial drug from the penicillin group with a wide spectrum of action. The medication has a detrimental effect on different kinds bacterial microflora, but is ineffective against pathogenic microorganisms capable of producing penicillinase.

The medicine is available in the form of white-coated tablets. It is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and quickly distributed in the body.

Sumamed

A new generation antibiotic belonging to the macrolide subgroup. The drug has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and is effective in the treatment of typical and atypical infectious diseases of the respiratory system.

Upon penetration into the body, the active substances of the medicine are concentrated closer to the source of infection, without harming healthy tissues. In addition, the antibiotic has virtually no negative effect on the intestinal microflora, since it is not an allergenic drug and does not react with other drugs.

A synthetic antibacterial agent belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones of the second generation. Has a detrimental effect on most pathogenic bacteria.

The principle of action of the drug is to suppress the activity of DNA gyrase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the DNA molecule, which ultimately leads to the destruction and death of the pathogen.

Ceftriaxone

A cephalonosporin antibiotic with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Produces a bactericidal effect, which is achieved by suppressing the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. The drug is effective against aerobic and anaerobic, as well as gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic microorganisms.

The drug is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. Upon penetration into the body, it is quickly and completely absorbed, reaching maximum concentration in the blood plasma after an hour and a half.

Suprax

Semi-synthetic cephalonosporin antibacterial drug with a broad spectrum of action. The mechanism of action of the antibiotic is due to inhibition of the synthesis of the cell membrane of the pathogenic agent.

Prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, the development of which is caused by microorganisms sensitive to the active components of the drug.

If used incorrectly, it can cause a number of side effects. In this case, antibiotic treatment for bronchitis is stopped, replacing it with a more suitable remedy.

Antibacterial therapy during pregnancy

Any, even minor, diseases during the period of bearing a child pose a potential danger not only for the expectant mother, but also for the fetus. However, it is quite difficult to avoid such situations during this period, since the woman’s body is weakened due to hormonal changes, and the protective mechanisms do not work at full capacity.

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with acute bronchitis , The basis of therapeutic measures is the activation of the immune system. Thus, the body will be able to cope with the disease on its own, without the need for medications for bronchitis and antibacterial therapy.

Only when symptomatic treatment, aimed at increasing protective forces, did not bring positive results, resort to the use of antibiotics. This is done to prevent the development of general intoxication and high leukocytosis, as well as to prevent the abundant accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in the bronchi.

In other situations, when the disease does not pose a serious threat, and the body expectant mother You can fight the infection yourself; taking antibiotics for bronchitis is inappropriate, and, moreover, even dangerous.

Rules for the use of antibacterial agents

In order for treatment to be beneficial and not harmful to health, bronchitis in adults should be treated with antibiotics, following some recommendations. These include:

Completion of a full therapeutic course. Quite often, when taking medications for bronchitis and cough, patients, feeling improvement already on the third day of therapy, voluntarily stop the treatment course. But if the doctor prescribed the drug for 7-10 days, then it is necessary to use it for exactly this amount of time. Otherwise, the pathogen will develop resistance to the antibiotic, and the disease will return, but in such a situation stronger antibiotics against bronchitis will be needed, and this is an additional burden on an already weakened body.
Strict adherence to dosages, frequency and time of taking the medicine. If you have been prescribed to take antibiotics for bronchitis three times a day, this does not mean that they should be taken during breakfast, lunch and dinner. To obtain a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to maintain a constant concentration of the drug in the blood, regardless of food intake. Three times a dose means using the drug at intervals of 8 hours.
Health monitoring. It is very important to monitor the general condition. If positive dynamics are not observed after using the medicine for several days, then you should notify your doctor, who will select a more suitable drug.
Maintaining a gentle diet. Modern antibiotics in case of bronchitis, they have a serious effect on the liver, so the patient’s main task during antibacterial treatment is not to additionally burden this organ with junk food and alcohol. During this period, it is advisable to avoid eating fatty, fried and spicy foods, as well as alcohol-containing drinks. You should enrich your diet healthy products and stick to drinking plenty of fluids.
Parallel use of antihistamines and antifungals. As a rule, together with antibiotics, a specialist prescribes drugs that prevent the development of dysbiosis. If for some reason the doctor did not do this, you should take care of your health yourself, since antibacterial drugs have a detrimental effect not only on pathogenic microorganisms, but also on beneficial bacteria.

What antibiotics to take for adults with bronchitis can only be determined by a qualified specialist after conducting a bacteriological analysis. Unauthorized prescription of this type of medication, not supported by medical knowledge, is fraught with the development of unwanted complications.

The need for antibiotics for bronchitis often causes controversy among doctors and patients. In Russian hospitals, they begin to use them immediately upon admission, without waiting for the results of bacterial culture. In some cases, this approach prevents complications of the disease, in others it causes additional damage to health. How justified is the use of antibiotics for bronchitis and when can you not do without them?

To understand whether you need to use a drug, you need to know what effect it has. Antibiotics are the abbreviated name for a group of antibacterial drugs. These substances destroy microbes that cause disease and are therefore very effective in treating many conditions.

However, it should be remembered that antibiotics do not have a detrimental effect on all microbes., but only on bacteria, both pathogenic and beneficial. Antibacterial drugs are ineffective against viruses, which makes their use for uncomplicated viral diseases pointless.

There are several mechanisms of action of antibiotics, but they all lead to the fact that the vital activity of the bacterium is disrupted and the cell dies. The destruction of the pathogen is the basis of etiotropic treatment of diseases.

Indications for antibiotic therapy

Antibiotics are prescribed only for bacterial infections, which may appear as an independent disease or be a complication of another condition. A unified treatment regimen and general indications There are no antibiotics for everyone. For each drug, the instructions describe the diseases and the range of microorganisms against which it is active.

In the case of bronchitis, treatment with antibiotics occurs when bacterial flora is present or there is a high probability of its occurrence. Indications for the use of this group of drugs are conditions when:

The patient is an elderly person whose immune system is weakened. In such situation An antibiotic will help avoid complications and bacterial infection, the probability of which is very high.
There was an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
The acute form of inflammation of the bronchial tree has prolonged and recovery does not occur for more than 3 weeks.
Bronchitis occurs due to damage to the mucous membrane, for example, a burn to the respiratory tract.
The causative agents are chlamydia or mycoplasma, as they are difficult to treat otherwise.

There are clear indications for prescribing antibiotics that all doctors know. If the patient does not have such conditions, an antibiotic is not prescribed.

How to choose a drug

The main rule in choosing an antibiotic– it must be active against the desired pathogen. For each disease there is a list of drugs acceptable for treatment. You cannot buy the first antibiotic you come across and start treatment.

An important point in the choice is the nature of the distribution of the drug in the tissues of the body. If the pathogen is localized in the lungs, and the highest concentration of the drug is found in the urinary tract, it is better to choose another remedy.

You cannot decide on antibiotic treatment on your own, since there are too many factors to consider. Only a doctor can choose the optimal remedy that will bring maximum benefit and minimum risk.

The first few days, bronchitis is treated without the use of antibiotics. The exception is patients with a high probability of bacterial complications. Preference is given to a group of drugs related to penicillins.
A chronic inflammatory process is highly likely to be accompanied by the presence of bacterial flora, so the doctor may prescribe a medicine from the group of macrolides or cephalosporins.
Macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines will be effective against chlamydial infection. For mycoplasma - macrolides.
The obstructive form, especially the presence of purulent sputum, may be an indication for the prescription of macrolides, fluoroquinolones, or drugs to which sputum culture has revealed the sensitivity of the pathogen.

For patients with severe conditions, the antibiotic is administered by injection.

Calculation of dosages

Antibiotic dosages are calculated taking into account the patient’s age and severity of the disease. The doctor knows the acceptable ranges for each drug, and they are also written in the instructions. Each active ingredient has its own daily dosage and it is in no way equivalent to the dosage of other antibiotics.

As a rule, first determine daily dose of the drug, and then divide it into the required number of doses. The frequency of administration and duration of the course are also determined by the doctor. In antibiotic therapy, it is very important to maintain equal intervals between drug doses to ensure a stable concentration of the active substance in the blood.

Groups of antibiotics for bronchitis

All antibiotics are divided into several groups, depending on the activity of the substances, their distribution in tissues and the mechanism of action.

Macrolides. They block protein synthesis in the bacterial cell, which leads to its death. They are very widely used for bronchitis, especially prolonged ones. They are found in high concentrations in the respiratory tract, which explains their effectiveness. The classic representative is azithromycin.

Penicillins. They destroy bacterial cell membranes and are often the drugs of choice in antibiotic therapy for respiratory diseases. They have a high safety profile, but the disadvantage is the frequent allergic reactions that occur to these drugs. Of the representatives penicillin series Amoxicillin can be distinguished - Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Flemoclav.

Tetracyclines. They are known as broad-spectrum antibiotics, but bacterial resistance to them is constantly increasing. The use of drugs in this group for respiratory infections is becoming increasingly rare also due to the large number of side effects.

Fluoroquinolones. They destroy the DNA of bacteria. The advantage of the drugs is that they exhibit a very wide spectrum of activity and are prescribed for various diseases. Among the disadvantages, one can note the frequent development of dysbacteriosis. Representatives: ofloxacin, levofloxacin.

Cephalosporins. Quite strong antibiotics, but often cause allergies. They have a wide spectrum of action. Representatives: Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Cephalexin.

Carbapenems. Strong antibiotics, resistant to destructive bacterial enzymes. Used only as reserve drugs.

Dosage forms of antibiotics

The method of drug administration is determined by the severity of the disease and the age of the patient. Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic:

In tablets. The most convenient form, which is used for mild to moderate severity of the disease. Tablets are recommended for patients over 6 years of age. For younger children, manufacturers produce liquid dosage forms, which are also taken orally.
Injection. The injections are given in a hospital. They are indicated for patients with severe disease, as well as for those who for some reason cannot take the medicine by mouth.
Inhalation. Effective method fighting infection in respiratory diseases, in particular bronchitis. Inhalations are prescribed when the pathological process is localized in the respiratory tract and the infection has not spread to other organs. Inhalations provide quick and good treatment results and have virtually no side effects.

For deeper penetration of particles into the respiratory tract, nebulizers and special dosage forms of antibiotics in the form of solutions are used.

The most effective drugs

The following are the antibiotics that are most often prescribed by doctors for bronchitis:

Biseptol. A cheap and effective antibacterial agent that belongs to the group of sulfonamide drugs. Does not apply to modern drugs, has been used for a long time, but still often becomes the choice of doctors. Used for infections of the ENT organs, respiratory tract, and urinary tract. May have a negative effect on the liver, kidneys and hematopoietic system.

Flemoxin-Solutab. A tablet that can be swallowed or dissolved in water. It tastes good. The drug is resistant to gastric juice. It helps well with infections of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system. One of the safest drugs.

Augmentin. It has a wide spectrum of action and is prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, inflammatory processes in the kidneys, soft tissues. Refers to protected penicillins, which are often prescribed by doctors. The drug Amoxiclav has a similar effect.

Ofloxacin. Effective against infections abdominal cavity, ENT organs, urinary tract. Not for pregnant women and children under 15 years of age.

Azithromycin. It helps well and quickly with bronchitis and pneumonia. Requires a short course of treatment in both adults and children. One of the most popular and inexpensive drugs, which is treated respiratory diseases. Contraindication is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Cefazolin. Available in ampoules. The drug must be treated in a hospital setting. Belongs to the first generation of cephalosporins. Effective for pneumonia, infections of the skin, bones, peritonitis, endocarditis.

Sumamed. Original azithromycin. The price of the drug is higher than its analogues in composition. For bacterial inflammation in the respiratory tract, it is no less effective than many new drugs of the latest generation. Used for all diseases caused by microbes sensitive to azithromycin.

Fusafungin. Also active against fungi. Used in aerosol form for infections of the ENT organs and nasal passages. Available without a prescription.

In addition to antibiotics, mucolytics (Fluimucil, ACC for bronchitis) are widely used in the treatment of bronchitis. as well as expectorants and bronchodilators(Ascoril). They help relieve symptoms and speed up recovery.

Traditional methods of treating bronchitis

On initial stages diseases traditional medicine is not inferior in effect medications. Warming procedures, inhalations with essential oils, decoctions medicinal herbs. Onions and garlic are considered natural antibiotics. It is also worth highlighting beekeeping products, which very effectively fight viruses and bacteria, and also reduce the inflammatory process.

Antibiotics for pregnant women and children

Antibiotics during pregnancy are prescribed only in extreme cases. In the first trimester it is possible to use modern medicines from the group of penicillins. From the second trimester, some cephalosporins are allowed to be used. Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines are strictly prohibited. Best choice For the treatment of bronchitis, fusafungine or other inhaled forms will be used.

Protected aminopenicillins are considered the safest for children. They are approved for use from the very early age. However, it is very important to correctly calculate the dosage of the antibiotic based on the child’s weight. If you are allergic to this group, macrolides or cephalosporins can be prescribed.

The number of factors that must be taken into account when prescribing is quite large. Only a doctor can choose which antibiotic is best for an adult or a child. How much to take the drug for pneumonia or a mild cough should also be determined by a specialist. Do not self-medicate - this may not only be ineffective, but also cause additional harm to your health.

Antibiotics for bronchitis are selected after a thorough examination, examination and all necessary tests by the attending physician.

Bronchitis is a fairly common disease, both among children and older people, for last years The disease among the population has become chronic. In an adult, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves differently depending on several factors. Before starting to treat the disease, it is necessary to determine the cause that led to the disease. Unfortunately, modern doctors prescribe antibiotics at random, according to the principle “it won’t be superfluous.” However, in some forms of bronchitis, the use of antibiotics only hinders recovery. Bronchitis of viral origin can be easily treated without antibiotics, since viruses are not destroyed antibacterial agents. When treating viral bronchitis with antibiotics, immunosuppression, dysbacteriosis, allergic reactions begin, and bacteria develop resistance to the drug.

In acute bronchitis, a focus of inflammation develops in the bronchi due to viruses or infection entering the body. If before the disease a person had no pathological processes, then in 95% of bronchitis is provoked by viruses. For bronchitis acute form of viral origin, antibiotics are not necessary. If a person has a strong immune system, then treatment for staphylococcal, streptococcal, pneumococcal infections is predominantly symptomatic, recovery occurs on average after two weeks. If the body's defenses are weakened, then antibiotics must be taken. Acute bronchitis is manifested by severe cough, pain in chest, increased body temperature. Most patients recover quite quickly (within two weeks); in some cases, the cough continues for about a month.

In a separate category are bronchitis of chlamydial and mycoplasma origin. Recently, bronchitis caused by the bacteria chlamydia and mycplasma has been diagnosed more and more often. The development of the disease proceeds very slowly, is accompanied by signs of intoxication, the disease proceeds in a protracted form, with frequent relapses; such bronchitis is extremely difficult to treat. Besides severe cough a person suffers from fever, high temperature, and muscle pain.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with bronchitis

The incidence of bronchitis in pregnant women is quite high. This is due, first of all, to weakened immune system, which is unable to resist viruses and infections. The development of bronchitis begins as a manifestation of a common cold (weakness, fever). After a few days, a dry cough begins, and after a couple of days, sputum begins to be released from the bronchi. It is extremely important for an expectant mother to take her health seriously, as this can lead to various (sometimes quite serious) complications for the child. If you suspect that bronchitis is developing, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Removing mucus from the lungs in pregnant women is difficult because the mobility of the diaphragm is reduced and it is in a raised state. And sputum stagnating in the bronchi for a long time prolongs the duration of the disease, moreover, this condition is extremely harmful for both the expectant mother and her baby. If in total the disease lasted no more than two weeks, most likely the disease proceeded in an acute form, but if the treatment dragged on for a month or more, it means that the disease became chronic. Acute bronchitis does not have a harmful effect on the unborn baby, but a long-term chronic form of the disease can lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus. After the examination and all tests have confirmed the diagnosis of bronchitis, the woman’s treatment should begin as early as possible.

X-rays are prescribed to pregnant women only in extreme cases, when the doctor has doubts about the correct diagnosis, the disease is accompanied by a very serious condition of the woman, and various complications arise. Antibiotics for bronchitis are prescribed quite often, but the use of such potent drugs for women during pregnancy is not recommended, especially during the first three months, any medications should be avoided. As a rule, antibiotics are prescribed to pregnant women in extreme cases when the mother faces serious complications. If it is not possible to do without antibiotics, drugs from a number of penicillins are prescribed, which can be used in the treatment of pregnant women. These drugs virtually eliminate the possibility of harm to the child. If a woman is in the second trimester, then it is possible to use drugs of the cephalosporin group.

For acute bronchitis, you can use Bioporox, a local antibiotic used for inhalation. This tool acts directly in the respiratory tract, so the possibility of penetration through the placenta is completely excluded, which is extremely important for a pregnant woman.

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List of antibiotics for bronchitis

Aminopenicillins:

amoxiclav;
amoxicillin;
arlet;
Augmentin.

Antibiotics of this series act destructively on the walls of bacteria, their action is directed only at harmful microorganisms, while there is no harm to the body as a whole. The only drawback of such drugs is that penicillins can provoke severe allergic reactions.

Macrolides:

macrofoam;
sumamed

They block the proliferation of microbes by disrupting protein production in cells.

Fluoroquinolones:

ofloxacin;
levofloxacin;
moxifloxacin.

Antibiotics for bronchitis are broad-spectrum; their frequent use leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and provokes dysbacteriosis.

Cephalosporins:

ceftriaxone;
cefazolin;
cephalexin.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics that cope well with microorganisms resistant to penicillin. Drugs in this group are usually well tolerated by patients; in very rare cases they cause allergic reactions.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults

Antibiotics for bronchitis in older people are often of primary importance in treating the disease. First of all, anti-infective agents with an antibactericidal effect are used: rovamycin, flemoxin, hemomycin, azithromycin.

In second place is the cephalosporin group of antibiotics: suprax, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefepime. These types of antibiotics are used for mild to moderate disease, mainly in the form of tablets. Severe stages of the disease are treated with injections; in some cases, it is advisable to use a combination treatment that combines injections and taking pills. For bronchitis of viral origin, antiviral agents Vifron, Kipferon, Genferon, etc. are used. It is also necessary to take expectorants (ACC, lazolvan, bromhexine, etc.). If you suffer from shortness of breath, you can use bronchodilators: teopec, aminophylline, berodual, salbutamol, etc. Also, treatment must be supplemented with vitamin preparations to strengthen the body's defenses.

If antibiotics are prescribed without sputum analysis, then preference is given to broad-spectrum antibiotics, usually penicillin or protected penicillin group. Most often, augmentin is prescribed from the group of protected penicillins, which has a detrimental effect on most bacteria that are not able to develop resistance to this drug. Augmentin is available in the form of tablets, injections, and suspensions. The drug in the form of a suspension is convenient to use for the treatment of small children; this drug can also be used during pregnancy. Safety of use of the drug in childhood and pregnant women has been proven by numerous studies.

They also have a good healing effect antibiotic drugs macrolide group, for example, azithromycin. The drugs are convenient to use, since they need to be taken once, and the course of treatment is not very long, 3 – 5 days.

However, the prescription of an antibiotic should be carried out taking into account the identified pathogens of the disease, based on bacterial cultures (sputum analysis).

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Antibiotics for bronchitis in children

To treat a disease such as bronchitis in children, it is mandatory to use drugs that improve bronchial drainage, i.e. various mucolytic agents (thinning phlegm): ambroxol, licorice root, marshmallow, etc. Inhalations using a special device for inhalation - a nebulizer, which can be used at home, have recently become very popular.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children are often prescribed together with antiallergic and immunomodulating drugs. The phytoantibiotic Umkalor, which includes bacteriostatic properties, has proven its effectiveness and safety for children. This drug is well suited for the final treatment of the disease, after the use of stronger antibiotics, since the drug has good immunostimulating properties. It is recommended to take Umkalor for at least another week after the disappearance of the main symptoms of the disease for prevention.

It is imperative to take medications aimed at maintaining and restoring intestinal microflora in order to prevent the development of dysbacteriosis and weakening the body's defenses. If treatment is started in a timely manner and an effective course of treatment is chosen, recovery occurs within 2 to 3 weeks.

Antibiotics for chronic bronchitis

In chronic bronchitis, changes in the bronchial mucosa develop. Characteristic features bronchitis is the production of sputum for more than two years in a row, frequent long-term exacerbations of the disease (at least three months a year). In chronic bronchitis there are stages of exacerbation and remission. During exacerbations, the patient usually experiences an extremely serious condition, in which he is forced to seek qualified help. During such periods, a person suffers from severe coughing attacks, weakness, increased sweating, and fever. Periods of remission are accompanied by regular sputum production when coughing, which does not greatly affect a person’s daily life. In chronic bronchitis, mucous or purulent sputum is released, and sometimes blood impurities appear.

The chronic form of bronchitis most often affects older people; young people and children usually suffer from the disease in a protracted form, with frequent relapses.

Antibiotics for bronchitis should be prescribed only after determining the sensitivity of the pathogens to the active substance. Exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease can occur with the activity of chlamydia, legionella, and mycplasma. In this case, effective drugs for treating the disease are antibiotics of the macrolide group (azithromycin, rovamycin). If the causative agent is gram-positive coccal bacteria, cephalosporin antibiotics are prescribed; for gram-negative coccal infections, drugs of the latest generation are prescribed.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics, tetracyclines, macrolides, etc. show good effectiveness in the treatment of chronic forms of bronchitis.

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Antibiotics for acute bronchitis

The causative agents of acute bronchitis are mainly rhinovirus infections, respiratory sensitization viruses, influenza viruses, etc. Bacterial pathogens most often are mycoplasma and chlamydia. The culprits of acute bronchitis in 90% of cases are viruses, in the remaining 10% - bacteria. Acute bronchitis can also develop as a result of prolonged exposure to poisonous gases or chemical compounds.

In the acute form of bronchitis, a cough appears with the release of mucous sputum (sometimes mixed with pus), fever, and weakness. In some patients, the cough lasts for about a month.

In most cases, it is undesirable to use antibiotics for bronchitis, which occurs in an acute form, since the disease is most often caused by viral infection, with which antibacterial therapy ineffective. Treatment of acute bronchitis is mostly symptomatic (antipyretic, antitussive, vitamin preparations). If bronchitis has developed as a result of the influenza virus, it is advisable to treat with antiviral drugs.

In some cases, the use of antibacterial drugs for bronchitis is still necessary. First of all, these are elderly people and young children, since they have increased risk development of severe complications (exacerbation of chronic diseases, pneumonia). Typically, in such cases, amoxicillin (500 mg three times a day), josamycin (500 mg three times a day), spiramycin (2 times a day, 3 million IU), erythromycin (500 mg four times a day) are prescribed.

Antibiotics for obstructive bronchitis

Obstructive bronchitis is accompanied by a dry, obsessive cough that lasts practically without stopping, usually occurs abruptly and there is no relief from coughing. The cough often intensifies at night, thereby preventing the person from resting; at first, the body temperature is not elevated. The usual symptoms of the disease (weakness, headache, fever) are practically not observed. In most cases, the disease causes shortness of breath and difficulty in inhaling; in young children, the wings of the nose often widen when trying to inhale, while breathing is noisy, with whistling sounds.

The course of obstructive bronchitis occurs in acute or chronic form. Acute diseases most often affect children, while chronic diseases affect adults and the elderly.

Antibiotics for obstructive bronchitis are prescribed after a bacterial infection is identified. Common agents used for treatment are fluoroquinolones, aminopenicillins, and macrolides. For an exhausting cough that does not allow the patient to fully rest, Erespal is prescribed (usually one tablet twice a day).

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Antibiotics for purulent bronchitis

The development of a purulent form of the disease usually occurs due to initially improper treatment of the acute form of the disease. For bronchitis, a sputum sensitivity test is rarely prescribed and in most cases drugs with a wide spectrum of action are immediately prescribed. Usually this type of treatment is effective. Together with antibiotics, sputum thinning and antiallergic drugs are prescribed. A number of complications are caused by the viral nature of the disease; in this case, antibiotics for bronchitis are completely ineffective, since their effect does not apply to viruses. With this treatment, the disease progresses and becomes more severe, most often purulent. With purulent bronchitis, sputum with purulent impurities appears.

Treatment of the disease must be carried out after mandatory determination of the microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Inhalations show good effectiveness in treating purulent bronchitis.

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Natural antibiotics for bronchitis

Natural antibiotics for bronchitis are not able to completely replace medications, but they may well protect the body from most infections, strengthen the immune system (unlike chemical ones), moreover, natural remedies do not destroy the microflora in the intestines and do not provoke dysbacteriosis.

Good antibiotic for bronchitis

Antibiotics for bronchitis are used in several groups:

aminopenicillins - act destructively on the walls of bacteria, thereby causing the death of microorganisms. From this group, amoxicillin and flemoxin are often prescribed. The human body does not have components that are similar in structure to the cell walls of bacteria, therefore drugs in this group act exclusively on microbes and do not have a harmful effect on the human body. But penicillin antibiotics are more likely than other drugs to provoke severe allergic reactions.
macrolides - disrupt the production of protein in bacterial cells, as a result, bacteria lose the ability to reproduce. Azithromycin and roxithromycin are widely used. If the nature of the disease is protracted, drugs of this group can be treated for a long time, without fear that the medicine will harm the body. This group of drugs can be used in childhood, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
fluoroquinolones - disrupt the DNA of bacteria, which leads to their death. Moxifloxacin and levofloxacin are usually prescribed. Drugs in this group show good results in the treatment of various forms of bronchitis, but they are quite expensive. Fluoroquinolones have a wide spectrum of action (an order of magnitude greater than macrolides and aminopenicillins), therefore, with long-term use they provoke the development of dysbacteriosis.

It’s quite difficult to say which group of antibiotics is better. First-line drugs (i.e. those that the doctor prescribes first) are penicillin antibiotics. In case of individual intolerance or pronounced resistance of microorganisms to penicillins, second-line drugs are used - macrolides. If for some reason macrolide antibiotics are not effective in treating bronchitis, switch to fluoroquinolones. Typically, treatment is limited to only the three groups of antibiotics listed above, but in some cases tetracyclines and cephalosporins can be used. In different clinical situations, a drug is selected that is optimally suited for specific conditions, taking into account the tests, the patient’s condition and the severity of the disease.

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Sumamed for bronchitis

Sumamed is used in the treatment various diseases infectious and inflammatory nature. This drug belongs to the group of macrolides, is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and has a good ability to penetrate the blood and bacterial cells. The drug penetrates particularly well into the cells responsible for the immune system, which facilitates its rapid entry into the source of infection, where it destroys the pathogens. A fairly high concentration of the drug is observed at the site of inflammation, and for a long time, at least three days, which made it possible to reduce the course of treatment. Sumamed is prescribed in a course of three days, once a day (500 mg), one hour before meals or two hours after. This antibiotic is active against a large number of pathogens of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, ENT organs, soft tissues and skin, joints, bones, as well as against ureaplasma, mycoplasma, chlamydial infections, which are difficult to treat.

Antibiotics for bronchitis should be prescribed only after a preliminary examination of secretions (sputum) for the sensitivity of bacteria. However, in practice, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, such as sumamed, are usually immediately prescribed, and if, after analysis, it is determined that the bacteria are insensitive to this type of antibiotic, the doctor changes it to another antibacterial drug.

Sumamed is usually well tolerated by patients and does not cause adverse reactions if all necessary dosage rules are followed. However, adverse reactions still occur in rare cases (as with any other medicinal product): nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. In the intestines, irritation is caused not by the drug itself, but by opportunistic microflora living in the human intestine, which begins active life after the destruction of beneficial microflora. The activity of Candida fungi also increases, which threatens the development of candidomycosis (thrush) of the oral cavity, intestines, genitals and other mucous membranes. Sumamed can also disrupt the functions of the liver and nervous system (lethargy, insomnia, dizziness, increased excitability, etc.).

New generation antibiotics for bronchitis

Antibiotics for bronchitis are usually prescribed with a broad spectrum of action, although the choice of drugs should depend on the results laboratory research sputum. The most the best remedy when treating a disease, there will be one that has a detrimental effect directly on the causative agent of the disease. This approach to treatment is due to the fact that laboratory analysis takes quite a long time (3-5 days), and treatment must be started as early as possible to avoid complications.

For bronchitis, the following groups of antibacterial drugs are used:

penicillins - the composition includes penicillin and substances that enhance their effect. Penicillin drugs have been used in medicine for quite a long time. During this period, microorganisms acquired resistance to the action of penicillin, so it became necessary to strengthen the drugs with special substances that would block the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms to reduce the activity of penicillin. Currently, the most effective antibacterial drugs of the penicillin series are panclave, amoxiclav, and augmentin.
macrolides - usually prescribed when there is an individual intolerance to penicillin. Today, erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin are widely used to treat bronchitis.
Cephalosporins are usually prescribed for obstructive forms of the disease. Modern effective drugs is ceftriaxone, cefuroxime.

fluoroquinolones - usually used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis in the acute stage; it is recommended to start treatment from the first days. Today, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin are very effective.

The effectiveness of a particular antibiotic is determined after a laboratory test for the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora.

How to cure bronchitis without antibiotics?

Bronchitis is a widespread disease of the respiratory tract, so there are many traditional medicine recipes that can be prepared at home that help effectively fight viruses and bacteria. Antibiotics for bronchitis are usually prescribed if a bacterial infection is detected. In other cases, treatment with such drugs will harm the body more.

A person’s very first helpers in the fight against diseases are products known to everyone: onions and garlic. Their action has been known to people since ancient times. A tincture of onion and honey was widely used to treat bronchitis. To prepare the medicine, you need to grate the onion, then add honey to it (1 part honey and 3 parts onion). You need to take this remedy about three times a day, a tablespoon, after 20-25 minutes of eating.

Sweet baked onions according to an old French recipe also effectively help fight respiratory diseases. To prepare, you need to remove the core from an onion cut in half and pour a teaspoon of sugar into the cavity, bake in the oven at 150 degrees until the sugar caramelizes.

Milk with sage will help overcome a debilitating cough. For a glass of milk you will need a tablespoon of herb, the decoction should be boiled for about 10 minutes. Then the mixture is filtered and taken warm, half a glass. The decoction should be drunk in small sips.

Drinking plenty of hot drinks helps in the fight against bronchitis: tea with honey, viburnum or raspberries, which contain a lot of vitamin C to support immunity. You definitely need to eat more citrus fruits (lemon, grapefruit). Decoctions of linden, mint, and pine buds have good anti-inflammatory and body-supporting properties. A speedy recovery is facilitated by a decoction of a mixture of plantain, licorice root, violet, coltsfoot (mix in equal quantities, then pour 200 ml of boiling water into a tablespoon, bring to a boil and simmer for 20 minutes over low heat). The decoction is taken about six times a day, 5 tbsp. spoons