What are alt-ast blood indicators responsible for? ALT and AST - what is it, the norm and causes of elevated blood levels

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a special substance involved in amino acid metabolism. It is usually found in organs such as the liver, heart, and kidneys.

The penetration of this enzyme into the bloodstream is evidence of the presence pathological process. What this means and what ailments it is associated with will be discussed later in the article.

In most cases, alanine aminotransferase is elevated in diseases affecting the liver. However, the possibility of pathology of other vital organs cannot be ruled out.

The concentration of ALT in the blood is an important diagnostic indicator that determines the location and severity of the pathology.

Basic functions of ALT

This enzyme is important for health. Thanks to it, metabolic processes are carried out, which helps strengthen immune system, providing the body with the necessary energy reserves, as well as the production of lymphocytes.

All processes occur inside cells with a small release of the enzyme into the bloodstream.

Due to destructive process, occurring in the cells of the liver and other organs affected by the disease, ALT enters the blood in large quantities. Its presence, exceeding acceptable values, becomes an important indicator for the diagnosis of certain diseases.

The presence of alanine aminotransferase is characteristic of such organs as:

• the liver, where its concentration is highest;
• heart muscle;
• lungs;
• kidneys;
• pancreas.

This becomes a prerequisite for a thorough examination of these particular organs when detected in biochemical analysis high blood ALT levels.

Indications for analysis

An increase in ALT levels in a blood test signals not only pathology in the listed organs. It also indicates the possibility of other diseases.

This is why blood biochemistry is assessed. The analysis reveals deviations and becomes an integral part of preventive measures, effective way diagnosing serious diseases of the liver, myocardium and pancreas.

Carrying out this study becomes mandatory when monitoring pathological changes in the liver that occur as a result of taking medicines, hepatitis and toxic substance poisoning.

A biochemical blood test is prescribed if the following symptoms occur:

• intense pain in the right hypochondrium;
• yellowness of the skin and eye sclera;
• lightening of feces and dark urine;
• lack of appetite;
• general weakness.

Other symptoms

In addition to the manifestations listed above, indicating a high level of ALT in the blood, there are symptoms that appear depending on the damage to a particular organ:

1. Liver. The ailments are accompanied by painful manifestations under the right ribs, changes in skin color and yellowness of the eyes. Viral hepatitis occurs against the background elevated temperature bodies. Cirrhosis is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity, so-called spider veins appear on the skin.
2. Heart. The main symptom of myocardial infarction is intense pain in the area chest, extending into the subscapular zone, left hand and jaw. The heart rhythm is disturbed, shortness of breath occurs, pressure decreases. There is general weakness, chills.
3. Pancreas. Nausea, repeated vomiting, acute or aching pain in the stomach, bloating, weakness.

If an oncological process occurs, in addition to these signs, sudden weight loss and loss of strength are observed.

Diagnostics

Revealing high level enzymes in combination with the listed manifestations makes it possible to quickly diagnose diseases, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment.

For testing, blood from a vein is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The reliability of the results depends on pre-training patient by following simple rules:

• last meal no later than 8 hours before collection of biomaterial;
• avoiding alcohol and quitting smoking;
• limiting physical activity.

In case of use medications The doctor should be notified.

Only if these requirements are met will the tests be accurate, which will make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis.

Analysis transcript

It should be noted that when deciphering the results, the values ​​of such an enzyme as AST are also taken into account. According to the Ritis coefficient scale, which considers the ratio of these enzymes, indicators up to 1.65 conventional units are accepted as the norm.

Exceeding these values ​​by 2 times indicates pathological changes in the heart muscle. Indicators below 1.0 indicate liver damage.

However, with hepatitis of viral origin, a decrease in these values ​​is observed, and liver damage due to alcohol poisoning provokes their significant increase.

A comprehensive examination of a patient with a high level of enzymes involves the use of MRI, X-ray CT, general analysis urine and blood and a number of other activities.

ALT norms

In adults and children, there is a significant difference in indicators that are considered within normal limits. The table shows that the permissible concentration of this substance depends not only on age, but also on gender:

The indicated values ​​are approximate, but small fluctuations up or down are allowed - from 1 to 3 units.

Factors influencing performance

The reasons for increased ALT are quite varied. But most often they indicate liver pathology and are a kind of marker of its condition. In addition, high values ​​are found even with minor diseases of other organs, when they are accompanied by cell destruction.

Among them:

1. Types of hepatitis. At the same time, the chronic and viral forms do not cause a significant deviation of ALT from the norm.
2. Mechanical jaundice. High rates are also observed extremely rarely.
3. Cirrhosis of the liver. Characterized by the absence of pronounced symptoms for a long time.
4. Fatty liver disease - steatosis. This condition is characterized by slight increase indicator in the blood. However, if the pathology develops into steatohepatitis, alanine aminotransferase increases significantly, and the level of direct and total bilirubin also increases.
5. Malignant neoplasms in the liver. They often result from hepatitis. Biochemical analysis to determine ALT indicators allows not only to diagnose the disease, but also to draw a conclusion about the need surgical intervention. ALT values ​​increase significantly after chemotherapy.
6. Pancreatitis. With an exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the pancreas, ALT increases. Indicators can increase 3-6 times.
7. Myocarditis (damage to the heart muscle). In addition to an increase in enzyme levels, shortness of breath becomes a striking symptom.
8. Myocardial infarction. Pathology is indicated by a 5-fold increase in ALT values. An increase of 10-12 times indicates progression of deterioration.
9. Alcoholism. There is an increased concentration of ALT, which increases after drinking alcohol.
10. Muscular dystrophy. ALT values ​​can increase 8-9 times.

Exceptionally high rates provoke acute hepatitis: exceeding the norm by 20-45 times.

Other reasons

In addition to diseases, physiological reasons also act as factors causing the upward deviation of ALT values. Among them:

• exceeding permissible physical activity;
• drinking alcohol before the examination;
• stressful situations;
• eating fatty, fried, spicy foods.

Increased rates are observed during pregnancy. A slight deviation is considered natural.

Uncontrolled use of medications significantly affects the results of the analysis. Therefore, if possible, you should refrain from using them before performing the analysis.

How to get your numbers back to normal

Exceptional information content of blood biochemistry results for ALT, allowing diagnosis of a wide range of pathological conditions, does not provide grounds for drawing conclusions and making decisions independently.

This prerogative should be left to qualified doctors.

The fundamental principle in an integrated approach to eliminating the problem is further examination in order to determine the root cause of the deviation from the norm. Having found out which disease served as the trigger for the increase in values, the doctor will choose the right treatment tactics.

Diseases with a particularly severe clinical course require a course of treatment in a hospital setting.

These include:

• pancreatic necrosis;
• extensive myocardial infarction;
• acute and infectious hepatitis;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• oncology.

The treatment of each of them is specific and requires strict adherence to the doctor’s recommendations.

Drug treatment

Among the most effective medications used specifically to lower enzymes in the blood, hepatoprotectors should be noted:

• Essentiale N;
• Heptral;
• Karsil;
• Tykveol.

Drugs in this group prevent further destruction of liver cells and other organs. At the same time, they restore cells damaged by the pathological process.

Other measures

In addition to taking hepatoprotectors, choleretic agents and drugs that improve digestive processes, it is recommended to adhere to the following diet:

• meals should be small and frequent;
• Fatty, fried and spicy foods should be excluded from the diet;
• smoked meats and sausages are prohibited;
• It is not recommended to use marinades or get carried away with pickles;
• food should be steamed, baked, simmered or boiled;
• limit the consumption of strong tea and coffee;
• exclude alcohol and smoking.

About the use of traditional methods

As aids It is allowed to use decoctions and infusions of chamomile, thyme, St. John's wort, and peppermint.

However, you should consult your doctor before using them.

The greatest harm comes from self-medication and irresponsible attitude towards one’s health.

To avoid serious consequences caused by late contact with a specialist, you should do a blood test 1-2 times a year. This will allow you not to miss the onset of the destructive effects of liver, pancreas and heart diseases on the body.

Alanine aminotransferase, or ALT for short, is a special endogenous enzyme. It is included in the group of transferases and the subgroup of aminotransferases. The synthesis of this enzyme occurs intracellularly. A limited amount of it enters the blood. Therefore, when a biochemical analysis shows an increased ALT content, this indicates the presence of a number of abnormalities in the body and the development of serious diseases. They are often associated with organ destruction, which leads to a sharp release of the enzyme into the blood. As a result, alanine aminotransferase activity also increases. It is difficult to establish the extent of necrosis or the degree of tissue damage by the disease based on this, since the enzyme is not characterized by organ specificity.

Alanine aminotransferase is found in many human organs: kidneys, heart muscle, liver and even skeletal muscle. The main function of an enzyme is to exchange amino acids. It acts as a catalyst for the reversible transfer of alanine from the amino acid to alpha-ketoglutarate. As a result of the transfer of the amino group, glutamic and pyruvic acids are obtained. Alanine is necessary in the tissues of the human body, as it is an amino acid that can quickly be converted into glucose. In this way, it is possible to obtain energy for the functioning of the brain and central nervous system. In addition, among the important functions of alanine is the strengthening of the body's immune system, the production of lymphocytes, and the regulation of the metabolism of acids and sugars.

The highest activity of alanine aminotransferase was found in the blood serum of men. In women, processes involving the enzyme proceed more slowly. The most high concentration noted in the kidneys and liver, then comes the skeletal muscles, spleen, pancreas, erythrocytes, lungs, heart.

What is analysis used for?

The largest amount of transferase was found in the liver. This observation is used to detect diseases of a given organ that do not have external symptoms. ALT, unlike many other components considered in a biochemical blood test, has been studied most fully. Therefore, with its help you can identify even minor problems in the body. In some cases, the amount of ALT is compared with the volume of other elements in the blood. This allows us to draw conclusions about the presence of pathologies.

For example, an enzyme such as aspartate aminotransferase or AST is often used. It is also synthesized intracellularly, and a limited amount enters the blood. Deviation from the norm established in medicine for the content of aspartate aminotransferase, as in the case of alanine aminotransferase, is a manifestation of abnormalities in the functioning of certain organs. The most complete understanding of the nature of the pathology can be obtained by correlating the contained amounts of both enzymes. If there is an excess of alanine aminotransferase over aspartate aminotransferase, this indicates the destruction of liver cells. The level of AST increases sharply in the later stages of disease of this organ, such as. When the level of aspartate aminotransferase exceeds the level of alanine aminotransferase, problems with the heart muscle are observed.

Additional diagnostic methods can confirm the presence of the disease and the extent of organ damage. However, ALT is an accurate indicator; in some cases, it can even be used to establish the stage of the disease and suggest possible options for its development.

When is an ALT test prescribed?

The amount of alanine aminotransferase for liver problems helps to identify them even before the most characteristic symptom– jaundice. Therefore, the doctor prescribes an analysis for ALT most often in order to check for damage to this important organ as a result of taking medications or any other substances that are toxic to the body. The study is also carried out if there is a suspicion of. ALT analysis is mandatory in the presence of symptoms such as increased fatigue and weakness of the patient. He loses his appetite and often feels nausea, turning into vomiting. Yellow spots on the skin, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, yellowing of the whites of the eyes, light-colored stools and dark urine can all be signs of liver disease. In such cases, this analysis is required.

ALT can be compared with AST to provide additional information about the causes of liver damage. This is done if the amount of enzymes significantly exceeds the norm. The ratio of AST to ALT is known in medicine as the de Ritis ratio. Its normal value ranges from 0.91 to 1.75. If this indicator becomes more than 2, then damage to the heart muscle is diagnosed, which occurs with the destruction of cardiomycytes. Also possible. A de Ritis coefficient not exceeding 1 indicates liver disease. Moreover, the lower the value of the indicator, the greater the risk of an unfavorable outcome.

ALT analysis can be used not only as a diagnostic method, but also during treatment. This allows you to determine the dynamics of the disease and identify improvements or deteriorations in the patient’s condition. ALT testing is necessary if factors contributing to liver disease are present. These include abuse alcoholic drinks or drugs that destroy organ cells. If the level of alanine aminotransferase in the blood exceeds the normal level, other medications are prescribed. It is imperative to check the amount of ALT if the patient has been in contact with people with hepatitis or has recently had it, has diabetes and is overweight. Some people are predisposed to liver disease. They are also shown an ALT test.

It uses either venous or capillary blood. To obtain reliable results, certain requirements must be met. Firstly, do not eat 12 hours before the test and do not drink alcohol for a week. Even a small amount of food can make a significant difference in your results. Secondly, for half an hour before the analysis, stop smoking, don’t worry, and avoid mental and physical stress. The results are usually ready a day after the test.

Normal ALT levels in the blood of men and women

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, or ALT)- marker enzymes for the liver.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, or AST)- marker enzymes for the myocardium.

The amount of alanine aminotransferase enzyme in the blood is measured in units per liter.

ALT (AlAT) in children

ALT in children varies depending on age:

In newborns up to 5 days: ALT should not exceed 49 U/l. (AST up to 149 U/l.)

For children under six months this figure is higher – 56 U/l.

At the age of six months to a year, the amount of ALT in the blood can reach 54 U/l

From one to three years – 33 U/l, but gradually the normal amount of enzyme in the blood decreases

In children from 3 to 6 years old, its upper limit is 29 U/l.

In children, minor deviations from the norm are allowed. This is due to uneven growth. Over time, the amount of enzyme in the blood should stabilize and approach normal.

ALT (AlAT) in adults

Degrees of enzyme enhancement

But the results of the ALT analysis are often far from the established norms. This may be due not only to the presence of inflammatory processes in the body, but also to other factors. Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase can be caused by taking aspirin, warfarin, paracetamol and oral contraceptives among women. Therefore, the doctor should be aware of the use of such drugs before taking an ALT test. Similar action provide medications based on valerian and echinacea. Unreliable test results may be caused by increased physical activity or intramuscular injections.

The amount of alanine aminotransferase in the blood is considered elevated if it exceeds the established norm, especially tens, and in some cases hundreds of times. Depending on this, the presence of the disease is determined. When the ALT level increases by 5 times, myocardial infarction can be diagnosed; if it reaches 10-15 times, we can talk about the deterioration of the patient’s condition after the attack. The value of the de Ritis coefficient in this case also changes upwards.

Hepatitis provokes an increase in ALT in the blood by 20-50 times, muscular dystrophy and dermatomyositis - by 8. An excess indicates gangrene upper limit indicator by 3-5 times.

It is possible not only to increase the content of alanine aminotransferase in the blood. Its too low amount is associated with a lack of vitamin B6, which is part of this enzyme, or with complex inflammatory processes in the liver.

What does an increase in ALT mean?

An increase in ALT indicates the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the body. They can be caused by the following diseases:

Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are enzymes that are active participants in amino acid metabolism. ALT and AST can be found in the cells of the kidneys, liver, heart muscles and other organs. If they enter the blood, this indicates the presence of some kind of organ dysfunction due to cell destruction. An increased amount of enzymes most often indicates the development of a serious disease. Deciphering a blood test can show which organ is damaged; the level of ALT and AST will be significantly increased in it.

ALT is found in the kidneys, liver, heart, muscle mass, and pancreas. AST is also found in muscle tissue, nerve fibers, liver, heart, small amounts of the enzyme are present in the pancreas, lungs and kidneys. If damage to these organs occurs, the enzyme spreads through the damaged cells and enters the blood vessels. This leads to an increase in ALT or AST in the blood.

In order to identify enzyme levels in the circulatory system, a biochemical blood test is performed. To get accurate results, the test is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach. Before going to the clinic for analysis, you should not eat for at least eight hours. When determining the level of ALT and AST, venous blood is required.

In women, the rate of indicators is much lower than in men and is 31 U / l. In men, an ALT result of no higher than 45 U/L and an AST of 47 U/L is considered normal. IN childhood ALT should not exceed 50 U/l. AST in infants is no more than 149 U/l, in children under one year of age no more than 55 U/l. Up to three years, the ALT enzyme indicator is 33 U/l, up to six years – 29 U/l. In adolescence, ALT levels should not exceed 39 U/L. In general, slight deviations from the norm may be observed in childhood, which is associated with uneven development of the body.

It is necessary to understand that the results of the study will depend on the equipment on which the blood test was performed. Therefore, only a professional doctor who is familiar with deciphering the results can tell the exact indicators.

Also, the analysis may show incorrect data if the patient took aspirin, paracetamol or contraception. Medicines made from valerian or echinacea also have a similar effect on the body. An increase in performance may be caused by excessive physical activity or administration of any drug intramuscularly.

Reasons for hanging ALT

If the analysis shows that the enzyme level in a particular organ is elevated, this indicates the presence of a disease in that organ. The increase in indicators may be due to several reasons.

• Enzyme levels may be elevated as a result of hepatitis or other serious liver disease such as. With hepatitis of various forms, active cell destruction occurs, which is why ALT enters the circulatory system. Additionally, the patient experiences jaundice of the skin, pain under the right rib, and a swollen abdomen. A blood test may also show an increase in bilirubin levels. The extent to which the enzyme level in the blood is elevated, the patient’s disease is so advanced.
• As a result of myocardial infarction, the death of heart muscle cells occurs, which leads to the release of ALT and AST into the blood. The patient additionally experiences pain in the heart area, which radiates to left side bodies. Painful sensations do not let go and last at least half an hour. The patient experiences shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness and panicky anticipation of death.
• Heart diseases of a different nature also lead to elevated ALT levels in the circulatory system. Long-term disease gradually destroys the muscle tissue of the heart, increasing the amount of enzyme. In this case, the patient suffers from shortness of breath, palpitations, frequent lowering blood pressure.
• Also, the level of the enzyme in the blood is increased due to various physical injuries leading to damage to the muscular system. The indicators are significantly affected by burns and other wounds.
• Due to inflammation of the pancreatic tissue, pancreatitis develops, in which the enzyme level is significantly elevated. The patient experiences pain in the abdominal area, there is a sharp decrease in weight, the abdomen is bloated and frequent loose stools are observed.

Reasons for increased AST

The AST level is increased in diseases of cardio-vascular system, pancreas, liver. There are several reasons for an increase in the level of the enzyme in the blood.

1. The main reason why AST levels are elevated is most often myocardial infarction. Compared to ALT levels, which increase slightly, AST increases many times in this disease.
2. ALT may be elevated after surgery in the cardiovascular system. Rates also increase due to other heart diseases.
3. Often, an increase in the level of AST, as well as ALT in the blood, is caused by cirrhosis of the liver, alcohol intoxication, hepatitis, cancer and other liver diseases.
4. Enzyme levels may be elevated due to severe trauma and burn wounds.
5. The presence of acute or chronic pancreatitis can cause a sharp increase in enzyme levels in the blood.

If ALT is elevated in pregnant women

Despite the fact that the enzyme norm in women is no more than 31 U/l, in the first months of pregnancy the transcript of the analysis may show a slight increase in the indicators. This is considered normal and does not require additional treatment.

In the last trimester of pregnancy, women may develop mild or moderate gestosis, which leads to increased blood pressure, weakness, dizziness and frequent nausea. This causes an increase in ALT levels. In addition, it is important to constantly monitor and know. what is it?

The higher the indicator the analysis shows, the more complex the gestosis in a pregnant woman. The reason for this is a significant load on the liver, which does not have time to cope with them. If the ATL results are excessively exceeded, it is necessary to undergo additional examination and identify the cause.

How to lower ALT levels

To reduce enzyme levels in the blood, you must first get rid of the cause of the increase in ALT levels. Since doctors most often diagnose liver disease, you need to undergo a full examination, pass all the necessary tests and begin treatment.

After the patient has completed all procedures and a course of medications, the doctor prescribes an additional blood test. If the patient complied therapeutic diet, took the prescribed drugs and followed a healthy lifestyle, the ALT indicator after the course of treatment will return to normal.

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe special medications to lower the level of enzymes in the circulatory system. Such drugs include Duphalac, Heptral and Hofitol. They must be taken strictly according to the instructions and under the supervision of the attending physician. It is important to familiarize yourself with contraindications before taking medications.

Meanwhile medicines will only alleviate the condition of a person, but will not get rid of the cause of the increase in the level of ALT. After the patient has been taking the drug for some time, the amount of enzymes will decrease for a while. However, it is important to identify the underlying cause of the disease and undergo treatment.

When a person is sick, it is almost impossible to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe competent treatment without tests. Often there is no need to go through all existing laboratory research. To date, it is enough for a doctor to study the decoding of a biochemical blood test and the indicators of the ALT and AST norms in an adult or a child in order to understand the whole nature of the disease. One of the most important indicators in this analysis is the level of liver enzymes - ALT and AST. Changes in the permissible limits of these blood components may indicate serious diseases.

What is AST

AST, in scientific circles, aspartate aminotransferase - a protein - a "builder" responsible for the synthesis of amino acids in the body. In addition, he is an active participant in all metabolic processes of the body.

AST is a component that has its own specifics. It is concentrated exclusively in tissues, and its detection in serum is an alarming sign. The highest concentration of this enzyme is concentrated in the heart, kidney, muscle tissues, part is located in the nervous tissues. As soon as the analysis reveals the presence of this element in the biomaterial, then the pathology begins where AST is found the most. Accordingly, its level in the blood begins to increase. Most often, diseases are associated with pathologies of the heart or liver. All changes in AST levels can only be detected by a biochemical blood test.

A few words about ALT

Together with the AST indicator, a biochemical blood test reveals the level of ALT, alanine transferase, an enzymatic protein synthesized in the human liver. The main percentage of ALA is found in the liver and kidneys, while a small amount is found in the heart tissues.

This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of amino acids. Thanks to this, overall immunity increases, the production of lymphocytes actively begins, and controls the production of sugar. Nature arranges it in such a way that this liver transaminase behaves more actively in the male body than in the female body.

If the level of ALT increases, then most likely we have a problem with the kidneys, liver, lungs or pancreas.

AST and ALT are indicators that are considered and interpreted in conjunction with each other.

Indications for analysis

It happens that to make a diagnosis, the attending physician only needs an analysis of ALT and AST. Biochemistry is prescribed in following cases:

• pregnancy;
• with existing pathology of the heart and liver;
• control of prescribed therapy;
• suspected cardiac infarction;
• injury to the abdomen or chest;
• when taking potent medications that have a detrimental effect on the heart and liver. For example, in the treatment of HIV or major depression.

What can tests tell you?

AST test and ALT blood test are the most important tests. Any deviation from the norm is considered pathology. AST and ALT monitor the body's response to various stimuli.

From the liver it can be:

1. Liver damage from alcohol or excessive or long-term use of medications.
2. Liver cirrhosis, including alcoholic cirrhosis.
3. Hepatitis of any type

The level of ALAT in the blood can vary depending on the degree of physical stress on the body, the presence of burn areas, ischemic injuries, and any type of injury. Based on the results obtained, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

Rules for collecting biomaterial

Absolutely any analysis requires careful preparation. This is the only way you can be sure of the reliability of the results obtained.

Since ALT and AST are the most important indicators of liver function, it is very important to adhere to a diet for at least a few days before donating biomaterial.

Don't eat salty, fatty, spicy foods. This can not only worsen your indicator, but also increase blood clotting significantly, which may not allow the examination to be carried out as required.

• The analysis is taken strictly on an empty stomach with a fasting pause of 8 hours or more.
• Avoid smoking for at least a few hours before giving your sample.
• Drink only plain water. Sugary drinks will blur the real picture.
• Alcohol is prohibited.
• Limit the consumption of eggs, cottage cheese, and any fermented milk products.
• Avoid physical fatigue on the eve of the test.
• Set yourself in a positive mood, calm down, and only then head to the treatment room.
• You should not test your AST and ALT levels if you had a test the day before. ultrasonography, x-ray, visited the physiotherapy room, had fluorography done.

Interpretation of analyzes

AST. Norm and deviations

In an ideal biochemistry test, the AST reading should be as low as possible. This means that no health problems have been identified to date. However, it is important to understand that the standards for this study- a relative concept. They vary depending on age and gender.

Only high levels can be a sign of the disease. We are not talking about a low level of ASAT. Even if you see 0 units/l in the transcript, there is no need to worry. This is not considered a deviation or sign of a disease. The only thing that a decrease in ALT and AST in the blood can indicate is a lack of B vitamins. A decrease in levels is also typical during pregnancy, which is due to bearing a baby and hormonal changes.

Doctors divided the severity of the situation into three types:

• moderate, when the excess is 5 times;
• medium form - 10 times;
• severe form, in which the AST level is increased by 10 times or more.

The following pathologies are possible:

ALT norms

The norms of ALT, like AST, depend on the gender and age of the patient. The study in children is carried out taking into account age.

It is important to realize that all these norms are relative. Thus, the result may be increased when taking certain drugs, for example, aspirin, paracetamol or when using oral contraceptives. The same false result will be given to you by using valerian, echinacea, excessive physical exercise for non-compliance with the rules for the delivery of biomaterial.