What are the walls of the alveoli made of? Alveoli of the lungs

Alveolitis is a diffuse inflammatory lesion of the alveolar and interstitial lung tissue that can occur in isolation or develop against the background of other diseases.

The pulmonary alveoli take part in the act of breathing, providing gas exchange with the pulmonary capillaries, and are the terminal part of the respiratory apparatus. The total number of alveoli reaches 600–700 million in both lungs.

Causes and risk factors

Exogenous allergic alveolitis develops against the background of allergic reactions (vegetative and house dust, medications, pet hair, components of microscopic fungi, industrial irritants, etc.). The entry of an allergen into the body causes the formation of IgG. Immune complexes (antigen-antibody) settle on the surface of the alveoli, which causes damage to the cell membrane, release of a significant amount of biologically active substances with the development of the inflammatory process. In the development of this form of alveolitis, an important role is played by the re-entry of the allergen into the body.

Secondary alveolitis occurs against the background of other pathological processes. Most often it is sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, diffuse connective tissue diseases.

Risk factors include:

• genetic predisposition;
• collagen metabolism disorders.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the etiological factor, as well as the characteristics of the course of the disease are distinguished:

• idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis;
• toxic fibrosing alveolitis;
• exogenous allergic alveolitis.

Alveolitis can be primary and secondary, as well as acute, subacute and chronic.

Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis is prone to gradual progression with the development of complications. Due to the growing irreversible changes in the alveolar-capillary system of the lungs, the risk of death is high.

Stages of the disease

Depending on the histological picture, five stages of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis are distinguished:

1. Infiltration and thickening of the septa of the pulmonary alveoli.
2. Filling of the pulmonary alveoli with cellular composition and exudate.
3. Destruction of pulmonary alveoli.
4. Changes in the structure of lung tissue.
5. Formation of cystic cavities.

Symptoms of alveolitis

Symptoms of alveolitis vary depending on the form of the disease, but there are a number of manifestations that are common to all forms of pulmonary alveolitis. The main symptom is shortness of breath, which at the initial stage of the disease occurs after physical activity, but as the pathological process progresses, it begins to appear at rest. In addition, patients complain of a dry, unproductive cough, fatigue, soreness in muscles and joints. In the later stages of the disease, weight loss, cyanosis of the skin, as well as changes in the shape of the fingers (“drumsticks”) and nails (“watch glasses”) are observed.

The first symptoms of acute exogenous allergic alveolitis may appear within a few hours after contact with the allergen. At the same time, the general symptoms of the disease resemble clinical picture influenza The patient's body temperature rises, chills appear, headache, then there are cough and shortness of breath, heaviness and pain in the chest. Children with certain allergic diseases initial stages Exogenous allergic alveolitis causes asthmatic-type shortness of breath, and sometimes attacks of suffocation. On auscultation, fine moist rales are heard over almost the entire surface of the lungs. After eliminating contact with the allergen that caused the development of the disease, the symptoms disappear within several days, but return upon subsequent contact with the causative allergen. In this case, general weakness, as well as shortness of breath, which is aggravated by physical exertion, may persist in the patient for several more weeks.

The chronic form of exogenous allergic alveolitis can occur with repeated episodes of acute or infraspinatus alveolitis or independently. This form of the disease is manifested by inspiratory shortness of breath, persistent cough, weight loss, and deterioration of the patient’s general condition.

Complications of alveolitis can be chronic bronchitis, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, right ventricular heart failure, interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, respiratory failure, pulmonary edema.

Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis develops gradually, while the patient has irreversible changes in the pulmonary alveoli, which is expressed in increasing shortness of breath. In addition to severe shortness of breath, patients complain of pain under the shoulder blades, which interfere with deep inspiration, fever. With the progression of the pathological process, hypoxemia (decrease in the oxygen content in the blood), right ventricular failure, and pulmonary hypertension increase. The terminal stage of the disease is characterized by pronounced signs of respiratory failure, enlargement and expansion of the right chambers of the heart (pulmonary heart).

The main signs of toxic fibrosing alveolitis are shortness of breath and dry cough. During auscultation of the lungs, gentle crepitus is heard in patients.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is determined on the basis of data obtained from the collection of complaints and anamnesis, physical diagnosis, examination of external respiratory function, and chest radiography.

During x-ray examination with exogenous allergic alveolitis, a decrease in the transparency of the lung tissue is detected with the formation of a large number of small focal shadows. To confirm the diagnosis, laboratory immunological diagnostics, provocative inhalation tests, and computed tomography of the lungs are performed. In diagnostically difficult cases, a biopsy of lung tissue is resorted to, followed by histological examination received material.

Exogenous allergic alveolitis is differentiated from bronchial asthma, atypical pneumonia, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and other forms of pulmonary alveolitis.

In the case of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis, a radiograph of the lungs on both sides reveals small focal diffuse changes, more pronounced in the lower sections. In the later stages of the disease, secondary cystic changes are detected in the lung tissue. Data computed tomography lungs allow you to determine the area of ​​​​altered lung tissue for subsequent biopsy. Electrocardiogram results indicate the presence of hypertrophy and overload of the right heart.

Differential diagnosis of this form of alveolitis is carried out with pneumonia, granulomatosis, pneumoconiosis, diffuse forms of amyloidosis and lung neoplasms.

X-ray changes in acute toxic fibrosing alveolitis may be absent. Subsequently, deformation and diffuse strengthening of the pulmonary pattern, as well as diffuse fibrosis, are determined.

Secondary alveolitis occurs against the background of other pathological processes. Most often these are sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and diffuse connective tissue diseases.

Treatment of alveolitis

Treatment tactics for alveolitis depend on the form of the disease. In some cases, the patient may need to be hospitalized in a hospital.

The effectiveness of treatment for idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis decreases as the pathological process progresses, so it is important to start it at an early stage. Drug therapy for this form of the disease consists of the use of glucocorticoids; if this is not enough, immunosuppressants and bronchodilators are prescribed. As the disease progresses therapeutic effect provides plasmapheresis. Surgical treatment of this form of the disease involves lung transplantation. Indications for it are dyspnea, severe hypoxemia, and decreased diffusion capacity of the lungs.

For alveolitis of allergic and toxic etiology, in addition to the main treatment, it is necessary to eliminate or maximally limit the patient’s exposure to allergic or toxic agents, contact with which caused the development of the disease. In mild forms of alveolitis, this is usually sufficient for the disappearance of all clinical signs, the need for drug treatment may not arise.

In the treatment of severe forms of exogenous allergic alveolitis, glucocorticoids, inhaled bronchodilators, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy are used.

For toxic fibrosing alveolitis, mucolytics and glucocorticoids are prescribed (orally or inhaled).

For all forms of alveolitis, in addition to the main treatment, it is recommended to take vitamin complexes, potassium supplements, as well as performing breathing exercises (therapeutic breathing exercises).

Possible complications of alveolitis and consequences

Complications of alveolitis can include chronic bronchitis, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, right ventricular heart failure, interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, respiratory failure, pulmonary edema.

Forecast

With timely and adequate treatment of acute exogenous allergic, as well as toxic fibrosing alveolitis, the prognosis is usually favorable. As the disease becomes chronic, the prognosis worsens.

Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis is prone to gradual progression with the development of complications. Due to increasing irreversible changes in the alveolar-capillary system of the lungs, the risk of death is high. Five-year survival after surgical treatment reaches 50-60%.

Prevention

In order to prevent the development of alveolitis, it is recommended to treat promptly and adequately infectious diseases, limit contact with potentially dangerous allergens, eliminate household and professional factors that can cause the development of a pathological process, observe occupational hygiene rules, and give up bad habits.

Persons at risk for alveolitis should undergo regular preventive medical examinations.

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Alveolitis of the lungs is a disease in which there is an inflammatory process in the respiratory sections respiratory organs. Alveoli are components of the lungs; they are formed from special tissue. With alveolitis, this tissue is replaced by connective tissue, which can lead to dire consequences. The disease is accompanied by an inflammatory process and sometimes leads to death.

Alveolitis comes in different forms, and the life prognosis for different forms may differ. If you have any suspicions about the presence of this disease, be sure to contact a pulmonologist who will determine the exact diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Today we’ll talk about what lung alveolitis is, how it happens, how the disease manifests itself and how experts fight it.

The lungs contain specific vesicles, the so-called alveoli. They consist of lung tissue with special properties. However, for some reasons, which we will talk about a little later, an inflammatory process may begin, accompanied by the replacement of this tissue with connective tissue. This process is called alveolitis. Men aged 50 years and older are most prone to it. The most common risk factor is smoking.

The disease is classified according to several criteria. For example, by origin, it is primary (developed independently) and secondary (become the result of a disease).

Secondary lung alveolitis can develop against the background of the following diseases:

• AIDS;
• sarcoidosis;
• autoimmune disorders;
• thyroiditis.
• lupus erythematosus;
• arthritis;
• connective tissue lesions, etc.

To date, medicine knows three forms of the disease, which include:

1. Toxic. Caused by the ingestion of any toxins into the respiratory system, it may be the result of the body's reaction to certain medications.
2. Exogenous allergic. It is provoked by all kinds of allergens, it is especially common in families where pets are kept.
3. Idiopathic fibrosis. Becomes a consequence of any genetic disorders or is transmitted by heredity.

The latter type of the disease is quite rare and has not yet been fully studied. However, it is also considered the most dangerous. Such alveolitis may be accompanied by progressive pneumofibrosis, respiratory failure and hypertension of the pulmonary circulation. Next, let's talk about how alveolitis manifests itself.

Typical symptoms

Please note that alveolitis is also divided into acute and chronic. This is important because the characteristic manifestations of these two forms of the disease are different. Typical manifestations of the disease in acute form the following:

• A sharp increase in body temperature.
• Violent wet cough and runny nose.
• Sudden onset of shortness of breath.

Actually, these manifestations are similar to other diseases of the respiratory system, for example, with pneumonia. However, if you notice something similar in yourself, this is already a reason to consult a doctor, regardless of the type of disease. Concerning chronic form, the manifestations will be as follows:

• severe dry cough;
• shortness of breath, which manifests itself gradually;
• Difficulty breathing, accompanied by soreness;
• Coughing up bits of blood.

If you do not take care of the treatment on time, shortness of breath will only get worse. Ultimately, it can lead to increased pressure in the pulmonary circle, which will result in respiratory failure. The end result of this process is death. The problem with diagnosing the disease is the similarity of its main symptoms with the common cold, which is why a person may not seek treatment. medical care long time. There are also other manifestations of alveolitis, which include:

• fast fatiguability;
• significant weight loss;
• bulge of the nail plate and thickening of the fingertips;
• blanching of the skin;
• increased sweating;
• sensation of goosebumps;
• compression in the sternum;
• soreness behind the sternum, when listening, a characteristic wheezing is heard.

If alveolitis is diagnosed in a child, growth retardation may occur.

Diagnosis and treatment

If you notice symptoms of damage to the respiratory system, you should definitely consult a specialist. In the pulmonologist's office, it is necessary to describe in detail the complaints and manifestations of the disease. Then the doctor will refer you for diagnostics, which includes a set of various measures, such as:

• radiography;
• cytological studies;
• immunological studies, etc.

After receiving the examination results, appropriate treatment is prescribed. It can be either traditional or folk remedies. Please note that taking any medications or remedies on your own is strictly prohibited. Any actions must be agreed with the pulmonologist. The tactics of dealing with the disease is chosen based on its type. It is necessary to undergo treatment in a hospital setting. The pulmonologist’s tasks are to eliminate the disease itself, as well as to prevent the transformation of lung tissue into connective tissue.

If you suffer from allergic or toxic alveolitis, the first step is to avoid contact with the toxin or allergen that triggered the disease. To combat the disease, the specialist prescribes inhalations of hormonal drugs of glucocorticoid nature. Internal administration of mucolytic agents is also prescribed. If the patient comes too late and there is strong growth of connective tissue, cytostatic drugs will also be prescribed. When an idiopathic form of the disease is diagnosed, inhalation using glucocorticoid hormones is immediately prescribed. Cytostatic agents may also be prescribed if treatment with glucocorticoids does not produce the desired effect.

Scientists still cannot determine the causes of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis and the mechanism of its development. However, thanks to many years of research, it was possible to identify a risk group that includes:

1. Poultry industry workers.
2. Employees of chemical plants.
3. Persons who have undergone chemotherapy.
4. Employees of pharmaceutical companies.

The percentage of the disease in people at risk today exceeds 10% and continues to increase dynamically. In order for the treatment of alveolitis to be as effective as possible, attention should be paid to timely diagnosis and prevention.

Experts emphasize that the symptoms of this disease are nonspecific and rank them as follows:

1. General indicators. As with everyone inflammatory diseases, general health will worsen: body temperature will rise, muscle pain and weakness will appear. In addition, many patients experience weight loss while eating the same diet as before.
2. Dyspnea. Most patients report shortness of breath only after significant physical activity, although it occurs already at the first stage of the inflammatory process. Only after 2–4 months, after shortness of breath manifests itself at rest, will patients become concerned and seek advice.
3. Cough. A symptom that almost always accompanies diseases of the respiratory system. With idiopathic alveolitis, cough is not specific symptom, has no special characteristics. People suffering from bronchitis may experience severe wheezing. IN modern medicine Cases of bloody sputum in patients with affected alvioli have not been described.
4. Painful manifestations. Irregular painful sensations in the chest area, rarely force a person to see a doctor. Almost all those suffering from alveolitis go to the pharmacy and purchase classic medications. But ointments, rubbing and compresses only make the situation worse. If the patient ignores the disease and does not begin timely treatment alveolitis of the lungs, initially mild pain will intensify significantly.

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Classification of fibrosing alveolitis

Pulmonologists distinguish three types of fibrosing alveolitis:

1. Fibrosing idiopathic.
2. Fibrosing toxic.
3. Exogenous allergic.

ICD-10: J84.1 (Other interstitial lung diseases) and J84.9 (Interstitial lung disease, unspecified)

Fibrosing idiopathic alveolitis

Fibrosing idiopathic alveolitis is diagnosed quite rarely. Mostly, men suffer from this form of the disease, which is fraught with complications. The forecasts are quite clear:

1. Acute form.
2. Chronic respiratory failure.
3. Pneumosclerosis.

Nonspecific symptoms, which include weakness, shortness of breath, cough and elevated temperature, increase the distance between the appearance of the inflammatory process and treatment medical institution. Believing that he is dealing with bronchitis or a common cold, a person with a serious illness begins to self-medicate, haphazardly consume advertised syrups and lozenges, and drink expensive antipyretic fizzy drinks. It is noteworthy that the temperature does drop and the cough disappears, but the disease nevertheless continues to affect the respiratory system.

X-ray is the only way to accurately diagnose fibrosing idiopathic alveolitis. You should understand: in the absence of competent therapy, not only serious complications are possible, but also death. Even with successful therapy, registration and observation throughout life are required.

Exogenous allergic alveolitis

Exogenous allergic alveolitis appears as a result of allergens entering the human body. This disease is most often diagnosed in people who work in the woodworking industry or come into contact with tannins. However, the risk group includes pharmacists, chemists and representatives of similar industries. Irritants enter the body directly through the respiratory system, causing pathological changes in the pulmonary vesicles.

Fibrosing toxic alveolitis

The main reason for the occurrence of this form of the disease is regular exposure to certain toxins on Airways person. In some cases, the irritants may be medications that have been used for a long time.

In cases where it is possible to diagnose toxic alveolitis at an early stage, and then completely eliminate contact with the toxin and begin treatment, a complete recovery is possible. Otherwise, the alvioli will form connective tissue, as a result of which acute pulmonary failure and “pulmonary heart” will develop.

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Treatment of alveolitis

Before treating alveolitis, you should undergo a complete medical examination and be sure to consult a pulmonologist. It should be understood that only with an integrated approach, including diet and even a change in activity, is it possible to stop the course of the disease. In almost all cases, patients undergo a long course of treatment, which is based on the use of mucolytics and glucocorticosteroid drugs. For complete recovery you need:

1. Drug therapy. Any attempts to treat alveolitis at home, without first consulting a doctor, can lead to irreversible consequences. All medications are prescribed on an individual basis, and are taken under the supervision of specialists. If the attending physician sees that glucocorticoids do not give the expected result, he promptly replaces them with immunosuppressants and/or penicillamine.
2. Physiotherapy, breathing exercises and exercise therapy. Inhalations can significantly reduce the symptoms of the disease, improve general state sick.
3. Special diet. Most patients experience rapid weight loss with the same diet. But even if you refuse food, you cannot force feed a person. In some cases, fasting is allowed, provided that the patient drinks plenty of fluids. It is recommended to regularly give rosehip decoction, herbal teas, teas. Along with meat broths, grated fruit and fresh juice from carrots, beets, apples or oranges are required. Honey, sea buckthorn and black currant significantly increase immunity, so their use should not be stopped even after recovery.
4. Spa treatment. Recommended after achieving stable positive dynamics. At the moment, specialists at many sanatorium complexes have developed special programs to restore health and improve immunity.

Alveolitis of the lungs in children

Exogenous allergic alveolitis in children is observed quite often and can be diagnosed only after a full clinical and instrumental examination. Unfortunately, even experienced doctors are rarely able to make a correct diagnosis if parents refuse x-rays. In addition, the symptoms of alveolitis are nonspecific:

• cough, wheezing in the lungs and shortness of breath often lead to an erroneous diagnosis of bronchitis;
• weakness, headache, lack of appetite, weight loss, fever - can cause a diagnosis of pneumonia.

Parents and pediatricians should understand that pulmonary alveolitis is an insidious and rapidly developing disease. That is why, already at the first symptoms of EAA, an anamnesis should be collected, on the basis of which an allergen will be identified, contact with which should be immediately excluded and contact a pulmonologist.

Alveolitis in children cannot be treated at home, especially using traditional medicine. Even after a complete recovery, the child will be required to be registered with a pulmonologist for many years. The treatment features include: exercise therapy, chest massage, sparing antibiotic therapy.

Treatment of lungs with traditional methods

Alveolitis of the lungs is a serious disease that cannot be treated traditional methods only for adults and only after consultation with a pulmonologist. Ideally, combine drug treatment and a diet with popular folk remedies.

At the same time, allergic alveolitis, the symptoms of which you began to notice, is useless to treat with herbs, decoctions or spells, unless the allergen that generates the inflammatory process is excluded. But to increase immunity, ethnoscience recommends the following decoctions and fees:

Flaxseeds

The preparation of the product is very simple: pour 4 tablespoons of flax seeds with two liters of boiling water and bring to a boil. After 50–60 minutes, filter the finished broth and consume 120 grams every 3 hours, taking a 6-hour break for sleep.

The anatomical formations discussed in this work are part of two systems of the human body: respiratory and digestive. Externally resembling holes or cells, they have completely different histological structures and perform dissimilar functions. During embryogenesis, they develop from two germ layers - endoderm and mesoderm. These are human alveoli. They are contained in the air-bearing tissue of the lungs and the recesses in the bones of the upper and lower jaw. Let's take a closer look at these structures.

External structure of the structural units of lung tissue

The human lungs are paired organs that occupy almost the entire chest cavity and ensure the supply of oxygen to the body's cells and the removal of excess carbon dioxide and water. Constant gas exchange is possible due to the unique structure of the lung tissue, consisting of a huge number of microscopic sac-like formations. A protrusion of the walls of the parenchyma of the respiratory organs, reminiscent of a honeycomb - this is what an alveolus is. It is connected to neighboring structures by an interalveolar septum, consisting of two epithelial layers containing flat-shaped cells. Between them are collagen fibers and intercellular substance and capillaries. All of the above structures are called interstitium. It should be noted that the network blood vessels in the lungs it is the largest and most branched in human body. This is explained by the fact that with their help, transport is ensured in the alveoli of the lungs. carbon dioxide from venous blood into the alveolar cavity and the transition of oxygen from it to the blood.

Aero-blood barrier

The portion of air received during inhalation enters the alveoli of the lungs, which are collected, like bunches of grapes, on the thinnest tubes - bronchioles. They are separated from the bloodstream by a three-component structure, 0.1-1.5 microns thick, called the air-hematic barrier. It includes the membranes and cytoplasm of the alveolar elements, parts of the endothelium and its liquid contents. To better understand the alveolus and what its functions are, we must remember that the diffusion of gases in the lungs is impossible without structures such as the interalveolar septa, the air-blood barrier, as well as the interstitium, which contains fibroblasts, macrophages and leukocytes. An important function is performed by alveolar macrophages located inside the alveolar septa and near the capillaries. Here they split harmful substances and particles entering the lungs when inhaled. Macrophages can also phagocytose red blood cells trapped in the alveolar vesicles if a person is diagnosed with heart failure, aggravated by symptoms of blood stasis in the lungs.

Mechanism of external respiration

The cells of the body are provided with oxygen and freed from carbon dioxide thanks to the blood passing through the capillary network of the alveoli. Oxygen and carbon dioxide, released from carbonate acid and its salts by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, continuously move in opposite directions through the aerohematic barrier. It is found in red blood cells. The scale of diffusion can be judged based on the following figures: about 300 million alveoli forming lung tissue make up approximately 140 m2 of gas exchange surface and provide the process of external respiration. The above facts explain what the alveolus is and what role it plays in the metabolism of our body. In fact, it is the main element that ensures the breathing process.

Histological structure of the alveoli

Having examined the anatomy of lung tissue cells, let us now dwell on their species diversity. The alveoli contains two types of elements, called type I and type II cells. The first are flat in shape, capable of adsorbing particles of dust, smoke and dirt in the inhaled air. An important function in them is performed by pinocytosis vesicles filled with a protein substrate. They reduce the surface tension of the alveoli and prevent them from collapsing during exhalation. Another element of type I cells is the closing structures, which serve as a buffer and do not allow intercellular fluid to penetrate into the alveolar cavity filled with air. Groups of oval type II cells have foam-like cytoplasm. They are found in the alveolar walls and are capable of active mitosis, which determines the regeneration and growth of elements of lung tissue.

Alveolus in dentistry

The recess in the jaw in which the tooth root is located is what the alveolus is. Its wall is formed by a compact substance that looks like a plate. It contains osteocytes, as well as salts of calcium, phosphorus, zinc and fluorine, therefore it is quite hard and durable. The plate is attached to the bone beams of the jaw and has periodontal cords in the form. It is also abundantly supplied with blood and is braided nerve endings. After tooth extraction, a strongly protruding wall of the outer part of the socket and bone septum remains. The alveoli of the teeth heal within 3-5 months by first forming granulation tissue, which is replaced by osteoid tissue, and then by mature bone tissue of the jaw.

Alveolitis is a serious disease that progresses in the lungs. Inflammatory process Alveolitis can occur either independently or as a complication of some disease.

The causes of the trouble are viruses (herpes, adenovirus, hepatitis C), polluted environment, frequent contact with sources of allergies and smoking.

The disease progresses with constant irritation of the alveolar tissue. The inflammation becomes chronic, after which the alveoli cannot take part in the respiratory processes.

This disease occurs in 2-20 cases per 100,000 population. With a frequency of 10%, alveolitis is found in farmers, poultry farmers, industrial workers and people receiving chemotherapy.

Common symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, difficulty breathing, cyanosis and purulent deposits in the lungs. Appears strong pain in the lungs, and in the chest area, more precisely under the shoulder blades (often bilateral).

The patient has joint pain and enlargement of the limbs in the nail area. In the initial stage, shortness of breath appears after exertion, while walking up steps and eating. In the future, it happens even in a calm state.

With alveolitis, fever, chills, severe pain in the head and muscles, fever, and obstruction of the respiratory passages may be observed. The cough is always present, and most often it is dry. The level of sweat production increases.

Only when allergic type alveolitis cough is never dry.

It is difficult for a person to breathe, blood pressure rises, and strong wheezing can be heard inside. It refers to toxic alveolitis: Patients experience pain when inhaling and exhaling.

Treatment of alveolitis

To proceed to treatment, you first need to determine the causes. If you start treatment right away, you will be able to get rid of it.

When you drag it out for six months or longer, you will not be able to stop the fibrotic processes. There is almost no chance of bringing the lung tissue back to normal. Unless doctors can recommend a lung transplant.

With acute alveolitis, a person can live from 2 to 6 years.

Alveolitis does not often occur chronic disease. After you have treated it, the symptoms and cough will continue for about 3 years.

To avoid the development of such a disease, take preventive measures.

1) Do not come into contact with allergens and toxic substances at work.
2) Use pneumatic medications with caution and, when using them, monitor the condition of your lungs.
3) Regular breathing exercises are necessary.
4) Those who have had alveolitis should be observed by a pulmonologist and rheumatologist throughout their lives.
5) It is recommended to eliminate “unhealthy” habits, after which the partial hole will improve. As a result, lung function will speed up.
6) To normalize the structure of cells, go for walks and do exercises in the morning.
7) Introduce into your diet foods that contain natural proteins, animal fats and glucose. Seasonal fruits influence the normalization of the volume of the pulmonary structure.

If you do not start treatment right away, you run the risk of developing dangerous complications such as pulmonary heart, pulmonary edema, heart failure and emphysema.

For treatment, the doctor may prescribe the use hormonal drugs, symptomatic substances, analgesics and powerful painkillers.

To get 100% recovery, do the exercises daily. They will promote the release of sputum, optimize metabolism, and strengthen the parenchyma and all organs. The amount of oxygen intake will also be normalized.

You need to exercise actively and smoothly in order to rib cage could develop. Swimming is highly recommended. To prevent a problematic hole, exercises at home should be done under the supervision of a pulmonologist.

Treatment without medical intervention must be combined with the intake of healing components. This will help recovery, improve vital functions, and renew the structure of the lungs.

Folk remedies for the treatment of pulmonary alveolitis

Can be treated folk ways, but only at the initial stage of alveolitis.

1. Mix the following herbs in equal parts: coltsfoot, calendula, black elderberry, plantain, nettle, birch leaves, poplar and pine buds, anise and coriander, licorice root, ginger, marshmallow and honey locust pods.

From the entire mixture, take only a spoon and pour in the liquid, and after boiling, let it simmer for another 10 minutes. The resulting infusion should fit in a thermos.

After settling for 8 hours, it is filtered, then you need to add calendula, licorice and elecampane (20 g each). Take 100 g of the resulting drug before bed and lunch (30 minutes before).

2. Grind 10-15 g lingonberry leaves, pour a glass of liquid and bring to a boil. After waiting 15 minutes, you can drink it, but filter it first.

3. Infusion of birch leaves and buds. To do this, you need to pour 40 grams of greens with a liter of boiling water. It sits for an hour, then filters. Divide the drug into 4 servings and take before meals, without eating for 20 minutes beforehand.

4. A decoction of chamomile, red hawthorn, marsh cudweed and motherwort. In case of asthma attacks, the drug will have a beneficial effect on internal organs sick.

Pour 20 g of the collection into 250 ml of liquid and boil for a couple of minutes. Let it settle for 15 minutes and then filter. Take 75 g after meals.

5. To free your lungs from water, prepare the following medicine: pour 2 tablespoons of flax seeds into 1000 ml of liquid. Boil and leave for about an hour. After filtering the broth, you can drink 125 g warm every 3 hours, but no more than 6 times a day.

6. Infusions of sage, oregano, juniper, linden flowers, knotweed and coltsfoot are very popular.

The patient's nutrition must be of high quality and effective. If a person is very thin, still do not force him to eat. If your temperature rises, drink a lot, especially liquid with lemon or rosehip infusion.

Pay attention to foods that can increase immunity levels. It is forbidden to eat fried food, but if you want something tasty, then it is better to eat stewed foods. Dairy products must be low-fat.

It will be useful to eat milk porridges, especially semolina. Fresh fruits must be included in the diet. They should be consumed in grated form so that a weakened person does not lose strength when chewing food.

Juices from carrots, beets, cranberries, apples or oranges should be served to the patient daily. Honey, dried fruits such as plums and apricots, blackcurrant and sea buckthorn compotes improve your health.